分频混色技术在高精度地震解释中的应用
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摘要
分频解释技术已经越来越多的应用到地震储层预测和油藏描述中,成为地震解释的一种常规技术手段,分频解释技术中分频RGB颜色融合显示方法因其独有的视觉效果也开始受到关注.本文介绍了分频混色技术在高精度地震解释中的应用以及在应用过程中应注意的几点问题,包括优选高精度频谱分解方法、RGB颜色融合技术应用中频率选择的原则等.在此基础上,进一步探讨了分频数据RGB混色方法能有效解决地震沉积学中地层切片精度不满足薄储层预测的问题.RGB颜色融合显示方法能充分发掘高精度地震数据宽频的优势,得到精度更高的储层预测结果.
Spectral decomposition has been well used in seismic interpretation for reservoir description and prediction.And it has obtained much attention that plotting three spectral components against RGB color model components.In this paper,we discussed its application in high accuracy seismic interpretation and some skills including choosing the high accuracy spectral decomposition method and the principle to choose the high,middle and low frequency components to decompose.On the basis of that,we further discussed that the RGB plotting technique should be used for avoiding the problem that the same geologic body would not be plotted in one slice due to the horizon interpretation in high accuracy seismic interpretation with seismic sedimentology research.We can adequately extract the advantage high accuracy seismic data with wide bandwidth through RGB plotting technique to get high accuracy resevoir prediction result.
Spectral decomposition has been well used in seismic interpretation for reservoir description and prediction.And it has obtained much attention that plotting three spectral components against RGB color model components.In this paper,we discussed its application in high accuracy seismic interpretation and some skills including choosing the high accuracy spectral decomposition method and the principle to choose the high,middle and low frequency components to decompose.On the basis of that,we further discussed that the RGB plotting technique should be used for avoiding the problem that the same geologic body would not be plotted in one slice due to the horizon interpretation in high accuracy seismic interpretation with seismic sedimentology research.We can adequately extract the advantage high accuracy seismic data with wide bandwidth through RGB plotting technique to get high accuracy resevoir prediction result.
引文
[1]赵殿栋.高精度地震勘探技术发展回顾与展望[J].石油物探,2009,48(5):425-435.Zhao D D.Review and prospect on high-precision seismicexploration technique.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2009,48(5):425-435.
[2]熊翥.高精度三维地震(Ⅲ):资料解释与配套技术[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(3):157-166.Xiong Z.High precision 3-D seismic:PartⅢ:Datainterpretation and companion techniques[J].Progress inExploration Geophysics,2009,32(3):157-166.
[3]李勤英,杨茜,刘忠亮.地震属性在高精度三维地震解释中的应用[J].断块油气田,2009,16(4):57-59.Li Q Y,Yang Q,Liu Z L.Application of seismic attributestechnology in high precision 3Dseismic interpretation[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2009,16(4):57-59.
[4]柏冠军,吴汉宁,赵希刚,等.地震资料预测薄层厚度方法研究与应用[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):554-558.Bai G J,Wu H N,Zhao X G,et al.Research on prediction ofthin bed thickness using seismic data and its application[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(2):554-558.
[5]马丽娟,郑和荣,陈霞.隐蔽油气藏地震预测技术研究新进展[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1):294-300.Ma L J,Zheng H R,Chen X.The new progress of seismicforecast technology of subtle traps[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(1):294-300.
[6]张延玲,杨长春,贾曙光.地震属性技术的研究和应用[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1129-1133.Zhang Y L,Yang C C,Jia S G.The application of the seismicattributes[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(4):1129-1133.
[7]Liu,J.,K.J.Marfurt.Matching pursuit decompositionusing Morlet wavelets:75th Annual International MeetingSociety of Exploration Geophysicists,Expanded Abstracts,2005:786-789.
[8]Liu,J.,Y.Wu,D.Han,X.Li.Time-frequency decompositionbased on Ricker wavelet:74th Annual International MeetingSociety of Exploration Geophysicists,Expanded Abstracts,2004:1937-1940.
[9]曹鉴华.RGB混频显示技术及其在河道识别中的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2010,33(5):355-358.Cao J H.RGB color blending and its application in channelrecognition[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2010,33(5):355-358.
[10]张延章,尹寿鹏,张巧玲,等.地震分频技术的地质内涵及其效果分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(1):64-67.Zhang Y Z,Yin S P,Zhang Q L,et al.Geologic significanceof the seismic spectral decomposition technology and itsapplication analysis.[J].Petroleum Exploration andDevelopment,2006,33(1):64-67.
[11]张江华,林承焰,于彦,等.分频解释技术在岩性储层描述中的应用[J].煤田地质与勘探,2008,36(5):70-73.Zhang Jiang-hua,Lin Chengyan,Yu Yan,et al.Applicationof frequency-shared interpretation technique for lithologyreservoir description[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2008,36(5):70-73.
[12]高静怀,陈文超,李幼铭,等.广义S变换与薄互层地震响应分析[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(4):526-532.Gao J H,Chen W C,Li Y M,et al.Generalized S transformand seismic response analysis of thin interbeds[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,46(4):526-532.
[13]李春峰,Christopher Liner.基于小波多尺度分析的奇性指数:一种新地震属性[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(4):882-888.Li C F,Christopher Liner.Singularity exponent formwavelet-based multiscale analysis:A new seismic attribute[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(4):882-888.
[14]陈赟,张中杰,田小波.基于加窗Hiltert变换的复偏振分析方法及其应用[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(4):889-895.Chen Y,Zhang Z J,Tian X B.Complex polarization analysisbased on windowed Hitbert Transform and its application[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(4):889-895.
[15]陈香朋,韩国庆,田建华,郝志伟.地震属性技术在郭局子洼陷沙二段岩性油藏描述中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(3):846-851.Chen X P,Han G Q,Tian J H,Hao Z W.Seismic attributerapplication to the lithologic reservoir of Es2member of theGuojuzi sag[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(3):846-851.
[16]魏友华,郭科,陈聆,等.信息融合在复杂油气储层物性参数综合研究中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(1):153-156.Wei Y H,Guo K,Chen L,et al.The application of datafusion in the research of physic parameters of complicated oilgas reservoir[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(1):153-156.
[17]杨光大,陈湛文.地震资料波阻抗多尺度融合反演[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(3):718-723.Yang G D,Chen Z W.Multiscale syncretized acousticimpedance inversion using post stack seismic data[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(3):718-723.
[18]石颖,刘洪.地震信号的复地震道分析及应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(5):1538-1543.Shi Y,Liu H.Complex seismic trace analysis of seismicsignal and its application[J].Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2008,23(5):1538-1543.
[19]刘喜武,宁俊瑞,刘培体,等.地震时频分析与分频解释及频谱分解技术在地震沉积学与储层成像中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(5):1679-1688.Liu X W,Ning J R,Liu P T,et al.Seismic time frequencyanalysis for frequency decomposition with applications toseismic sedimentology and reservior imaging[J].Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(5):1679-1688.
[20]路鹏飞,杨长春,郭爱华.频谱成像技术研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1517-1521.Lu P F,Yang C C,Guo A H.The present research onfrequency spectrum imaging technique[J].Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(5):1517-1521.
[21]刘喜武,张宁,勾永峰,李华.地震勘探信号时频分析方法对比与应用分析[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(3):743-753.Liu X W,Zhang N,Gou Y F,Li H.The comparison and itsapplication of time frequency analysis methods to seismicsignal[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(3):743-753.
[22]徐丽英,徐鸣洁,陈振岩.利用谱分解技术进行薄储层预测[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(3):299-302.Xu L Y,Xu M J,Chen.Using spectrum decompositiontechnique for prediction of thin reservoir[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting,2006,41(3):299-302.
[23]张军华,周振晓,谭明友,等.地震切片解释中的几个理论问题[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(3):348-352,361.Zhang J H,Zhou Z X,Tan M Y,et al.Several theoreticalissues about interpretation of seismic slices.Oil GeophysicalProspecting,2007,42(3):348-352,361.
[24]武国宁,曹思远,孙娜.基于复数道地震记录的匹配追踪算法及其在储层预测中的应用.地球物理学报,2012,(6):2027-2034.Wu G N,Cao S Y,Sun N.Matching pursuit method basedon complex seismic traces and its application of hydrocarbonexploration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,(6):2027-2034.
[25]陈红,彭真明,王峻,等.地震信号分数阶Gabor变换谱分解方法及应用.地球物理学报,2011,54(3):867-873.Chen H,Peng Z M,Wang J,et al.Spectral decomposition ofseismic signal based on fractional Gabor transform and itsapplication.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(3):867-873.
[26]朱振宇,吕丁友,桑淑云,等.基于物理小波的频谱分解方法及应用研究[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(8):2152-2157.Zhu Z Y,Lv D Y,Sang S Y,et al.Research of spectrumdecomposition method based 0nphysical wavelet transformand its applicati0n[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,2152-2157.
[2]熊翥.高精度三维地震(Ⅲ):资料解释与配套技术[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(3):157-166.Xiong Z.High precision 3-D seismic:PartⅢ:Datainterpretation and companion techniques[J].Progress inExploration Geophysics,2009,32(3):157-166.
[3]李勤英,杨茜,刘忠亮.地震属性在高精度三维地震解释中的应用[J].断块油气田,2009,16(4):57-59.Li Q Y,Yang Q,Liu Z L.Application of seismic attributestechnology in high precision 3Dseismic interpretation[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2009,16(4):57-59.
[4]柏冠军,吴汉宁,赵希刚,等.地震资料预测薄层厚度方法研究与应用[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):554-558.Bai G J,Wu H N,Zhao X G,et al.Research on prediction ofthin bed thickness using seismic data and its application[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(2):554-558.
[5]马丽娟,郑和荣,陈霞.隐蔽油气藏地震预测技术研究新进展[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1):294-300.Ma L J,Zheng H R,Chen X.The new progress of seismicforecast technology of subtle traps[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(1):294-300.
[6]张延玲,杨长春,贾曙光.地震属性技术的研究和应用[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1129-1133.Zhang Y L,Yang C C,Jia S G.The application of the seismicattributes[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(4):1129-1133.
[7]Liu,J.,K.J.Marfurt.Matching pursuit decompositionusing Morlet wavelets:75th Annual International MeetingSociety of Exploration Geophysicists,Expanded Abstracts,2005:786-789.
[8]Liu,J.,Y.Wu,D.Han,X.Li.Time-frequency decompositionbased on Ricker wavelet:74th Annual International MeetingSociety of Exploration Geophysicists,Expanded Abstracts,2004:1937-1940.
[9]曹鉴华.RGB混频显示技术及其在河道识别中的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2010,33(5):355-358.Cao J H.RGB color blending and its application in channelrecognition[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2010,33(5):355-358.
[10]张延章,尹寿鹏,张巧玲,等.地震分频技术的地质内涵及其效果分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(1):64-67.Zhang Y Z,Yin S P,Zhang Q L,et al.Geologic significanceof the seismic spectral decomposition technology and itsapplication analysis.[J].Petroleum Exploration andDevelopment,2006,33(1):64-67.
[11]张江华,林承焰,于彦,等.分频解释技术在岩性储层描述中的应用[J].煤田地质与勘探,2008,36(5):70-73.Zhang Jiang-hua,Lin Chengyan,Yu Yan,et al.Applicationof frequency-shared interpretation technique for lithologyreservoir description[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2008,36(5):70-73.
[12]高静怀,陈文超,李幼铭,等.广义S变换与薄互层地震响应分析[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(4):526-532.Gao J H,Chen W C,Li Y M,et al.Generalized S transformand seismic response analysis of thin interbeds[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,46(4):526-532.
[13]李春峰,Christopher Liner.基于小波多尺度分析的奇性指数:一种新地震属性[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(4):882-888.Li C F,Christopher Liner.Singularity exponent formwavelet-based multiscale analysis:A new seismic attribute[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(4):882-888.
[14]陈赟,张中杰,田小波.基于加窗Hiltert变换的复偏振分析方法及其应用[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(4):889-895.Chen Y,Zhang Z J,Tian X B.Complex polarization analysisbased on windowed Hitbert Transform and its application[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(4):889-895.
[15]陈香朋,韩国庆,田建华,郝志伟.地震属性技术在郭局子洼陷沙二段岩性油藏描述中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(3):846-851.Chen X P,Han G Q,Tian J H,Hao Z W.Seismic attributerapplication to the lithologic reservoir of Es2member of theGuojuzi sag[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(3):846-851.
[16]魏友华,郭科,陈聆,等.信息融合在复杂油气储层物性参数综合研究中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(1):153-156.Wei Y H,Guo K,Chen L,et al.The application of datafusion in the research of physic parameters of complicated oilgas reservoir[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(1):153-156.
[17]杨光大,陈湛文.地震资料波阻抗多尺度融合反演[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(3):718-723.Yang G D,Chen Z W.Multiscale syncretized acousticimpedance inversion using post stack seismic data[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(3):718-723.
[18]石颖,刘洪.地震信号的复地震道分析及应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(5):1538-1543.Shi Y,Liu H.Complex seismic trace analysis of seismicsignal and its application[J].Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2008,23(5):1538-1543.
[19]刘喜武,宁俊瑞,刘培体,等.地震时频分析与分频解释及频谱分解技术在地震沉积学与储层成像中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(5):1679-1688.Liu X W,Ning J R,Liu P T,et al.Seismic time frequencyanalysis for frequency decomposition with applications toseismic sedimentology and reservior imaging[J].Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(5):1679-1688.
[20]路鹏飞,杨长春,郭爱华.频谱成像技术研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1517-1521.Lu P F,Yang C C,Guo A H.The present research onfrequency spectrum imaging technique[J].Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(5):1517-1521.
[21]刘喜武,张宁,勾永峰,李华.地震勘探信号时频分析方法对比与应用分析[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(3):743-753.Liu X W,Zhang N,Gou Y F,Li H.The comparison and itsapplication of time frequency analysis methods to seismicsignal[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(3):743-753.
[22]徐丽英,徐鸣洁,陈振岩.利用谱分解技术进行薄储层预测[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(3):299-302.Xu L Y,Xu M J,Chen.Using spectrum decompositiontechnique for prediction of thin reservoir[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting,2006,41(3):299-302.
[23]张军华,周振晓,谭明友,等.地震切片解释中的几个理论问题[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(3):348-352,361.Zhang J H,Zhou Z X,Tan M Y,et al.Several theoreticalissues about interpretation of seismic slices.Oil GeophysicalProspecting,2007,42(3):348-352,361.
[24]武国宁,曹思远,孙娜.基于复数道地震记录的匹配追踪算法及其在储层预测中的应用.地球物理学报,2012,(6):2027-2034.Wu G N,Cao S Y,Sun N.Matching pursuit method basedon complex seismic traces and its application of hydrocarbonexploration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,(6):2027-2034.
[25]陈红,彭真明,王峻,等.地震信号分数阶Gabor变换谱分解方法及应用.地球物理学报,2011,54(3):867-873.Chen H,Peng Z M,Wang J,et al.Spectral decomposition ofseismic signal based on fractional Gabor transform and itsapplication.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(3):867-873.
[26]朱振宇,吕丁友,桑淑云,等.基于物理小波的频谱分解方法及应用研究[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(8):2152-2157.Zhu Z Y,Lv D Y,Sang S Y,et al.Research of spectrumdecomposition method based 0nphysical wavelet transformand its applicati0n[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,2152-2157.
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