提取地震信号高频信息方法的若干问题
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摘要
岩性油气藏勘探已成为当代油气勘探的重要组成部分,因此提取地震资料高频信息已成为一个重要研究课题。文中对分辨率、分频处理地震信号、波阻抗反演中的一些问题进行了较深入的讨论,并得出以下认识:1要提高垂向和横向分辨率,必须设法提高野外采集地震资料的频率;2地震分频处理是偏移后提高分辨率的常用方法之一,这种方法应该限定在地震波的有效频带内,而超出有效频带,可能会带来很多假像;3低频合成地震记录中高频反射系数存在不确定性。在基于模型波阻抗反演的方法中,反演结果受初始模型的影响非常大,初始模型是依据测井资料建立的,初始模型与实际情况越接近,反演效果就越好;否则,会产生模型化的现象;4在相对波阻抗数据体(相当于地震数据体)作为约束条件下的SP测井参数协克里金插值是正演过程,消除了模型化的问题,使反演结果更接近真实情况,提高了砂层真实的分辨率。
Lithologic oil/gas exploration has become an important compositional part of current oil/gas exploration, so that detecting the high-frequency information of seismic data has been an important studied subject. The paper deeply discussed some issues of resolution, frequency-divided processed seismic data and inversion of wave impedance and acquired following knowledge: (1) it should increase the frequency of field-acquired seismic data if want to improve the vertical and lateral resolution; (2) seismic frequency-divided processing is one of common-used methods for improving post-migration resolution, it should be within the useful band of seismic wave for the method and may bring a lot of false images if beyond the useful band;(3)the high-frequency reflection coefficients on the low-frequency synthetic seismograms exist uncertainty, in model-based impedance inversion, the initial model has great influence on inverted results,the former is built on logging data,so that the closer to the reality for the initial model,the better of inverted re-sults , otherwise, the phenomenon of modeling will be appeared;(4)cokriging interpolation by SP logging parameters under the constrained condition of relative impedance data volume is forward modeling, which removes the issue of modeling, makes the inverted results be closer to the reality and improves the real resolution of sand bed.
Lithologic oil/gas exploration has become an important compositional part of current oil/gas exploration, so that detecting the high-frequency information of seismic data has been an important studied subject. The paper deeply discussed some issues of resolution, frequency-divided processed seismic data and inversion of wave impedance and acquired following knowledge: (1) it should increase the frequency of field-acquired seismic data if want to improve the vertical and lateral resolution; (2) seismic frequency-divided processing is one of common-used methods for improving post-migration resolution, it should be within the useful band of seismic wave for the method and may bring a lot of false images if beyond the useful band;(3)the high-frequency reflection coefficients on the low-frequency synthetic seismograms exist uncertainty, in model-based impedance inversion, the initial model has great influence on inverted results,the former is built on logging data,so that the closer to the reality for the initial model,the better of inverted re-sults , otherwise, the phenomenon of modeling will be appeared;(4)cokriging interpolation by SP logging parameters under the constrained condition of relative impedance data volume is forward modeling, which removes the issue of modeling, makes the inverted results be closer to the reality and improves the real resolution of sand bed.
引文
[1]俞寿朋著.高分辨地震勘探.北京:石油工业出版社,1993
[2]王西文.地震资料处理和解释中的小波分析方法.北京:石油工业出版社,2004
[3]Greg P et al.Interpretational applications of spectral decomposition in reservoir characterization.The Leading Edge,1999,18(3):353~358
[4]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路——高分辨率系统工程剖析.北京:石油工业出版社,1993
[5]王西文等.小波域的波阻抗反演方法.石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(1):89~96
[6]王西文.相对波阻抗数据体约束下的多井测井参数反演方法及应用.石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(3):291~299
[2]王西文.地震资料处理和解释中的小波分析方法.北京:石油工业出版社,2004
[3]Greg P et al.Interpretational applications of spectral decomposition in reservoir characterization.The Leading Edge,1999,18(3):353~358
[4]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路——高分辨率系统工程剖析.北京:石油工业出版社,1993
[5]王西文等.小波域的波阻抗反演方法.石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(1):89~96
[6]王西文.相对波阻抗数据体约束下的多井测井参数反演方法及应用.石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(3):291~299
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