与地震有关的活动断裂带红外辐射变化特征
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摘要
为了获得与地震有关的活动断裂带红外辐射变化信息,以2010年4月14日青海省玉树Ms 7.1级地震为研究对象,利用MODIS热红外波段遥感数据研究了地震前后发震构造甘孜—玉树断裂带的亮温演化特征,分析了地震发生当月每10 d亮温变化情况,并与2011年同期该断裂带的亮温特征进行对比。结果表明:地震前一个月内,断裂带附近亮温值偏高,亮温变化最为显著的区域出现在断裂带北端,与野外考察获得的本次地震地表破裂带位置相吻合;震后7～16 d,断裂带附近出现了明显的亮温增高现象,结合地震发生时水汽及CO变化情况,认为这一亮温增高现象与震后地下气体的大量释放有关;2011年5月断裂带附近的亮温高值可能与同年6月发生的Ms 5.3级囊谦地震有关。因此认为,断裂带亮温的显著变化对断裂活动有一定指示作用,利用热红外遥感数据研究主要断裂带红外辐射特征,对地震构造带活动性监测具有重要意义。
The brightness temperature variation along the Ganzi-Yushu fault before and after 2010 Ms 7.1 Yushu earthquake was analyzed using MODIS data so as to obtain the infrared radiation variation information of the active fault related to the earthquake.It is shown that the value of the brightness temperature in one month before the earthquake was higher than that of other periods.The maximum variation was located at the northern end of the fault,where surface ruptures were found by field investigation.The obvious increase of brightness temperature was found during the 7-16 days after this event through an analysis of the data obtained from the seismic month at 10 day interval,and this might have had some relationship with the degassing of vapor and CO along the faults during the earthquake.For comparison,the data obtained in the same period of 2011 were analyzed.The results indicate that the brightness temperature of Ganzi-Yushu fault showed a homogeneous belt during the non-seismic time.The increase in brightness temperature of this fault was also found in May which might have had relationship with the Ms 5.3 Nangqian earthquake that occurred on June 26,2011.It can be concluded that the variation of brightness temperature related to the fault zone can serve as an indicator of the fault activities.The study of the infrared radiation variation of main faults using satellite data is therefore significant for the monitoring of the seismic tectonic activity.
The brightness temperature variation along the Ganzi-Yushu fault before and after 2010 Ms 7.1 Yushu earthquake was analyzed using MODIS data so as to obtain the infrared radiation variation information of the active fault related to the earthquake.It is shown that the value of the brightness temperature in one month before the earthquake was higher than that of other periods.The maximum variation was located at the northern end of the fault,where surface ruptures were found by field investigation.The obvious increase of brightness temperature was found during the 7-16 days after this event through an analysis of the data obtained from the seismic month at 10 day interval,and this might have had some relationship with the degassing of vapor and CO along the faults during the earthquake.For comparison,the data obtained in the same period of 2011 were analyzed.The results indicate that the brightness temperature of Ganzi-Yushu fault showed a homogeneous belt during the non-seismic time.The increase in brightness temperature of this fault was also found in May which might have had relationship with the Ms 5.3 Nangqian earthquake that occurred on June 26,2011.It can be concluded that the variation of brightness temperature related to the fault zone can serve as an indicator of the fault activities.The study of the infrared radiation variation of main faults using satellite data is therefore significant for the monitoring of the seismic tectonic activity.
引文
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[14]刘培洵,刘力强,陈顺云,等.地表岩石变形引起热红外辐射的实验研究[J].地震地质,2004,26(3):502-511.Liu P X,Liu L Q,Chen S Y,et al.An during deformation experi-ment on the infrared radiation of surficial rocks[J].Seismology andGeology,2004,26(3):502-511.
[15]吴立新,刘善军,吴育华,等.遥感-岩石力学(Ⅰ)——非连续组合断层破裂的热红外辐射规律及其构造地震前兆意义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(1):24-30.Wu L X,Liu S J,Wu Y H,et al.Remote sensing-rock mechanics(Ⅰ):Laws of thermal infrared radiation from fracturing of discon-tinuous jointed faults and its meanings for tectonic earthquake o-mens[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(1):24-30.
[16]吴立新,刘善军,吴育华,等.遥感-岩石力学(Ⅱ)——断层双剪粘滑的热红外辐射规律及其构造地震前兆意义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(2):192-198.Wu L X,Liu S J,Wu Y H,et al.Remote sensing-rock mechanics(Ⅱ):Laws of thermal infrared radiation from viscosity-sliding ofbisheared faults and its meanings for tectonic earthquake omens[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(2):192-198.
[17]陈梅花,邓志辉,贾庆华.地震前卫星红外异常与发震断裂的关系研究——以2001年昆仑山8.1级地震为例[J].地震地质,2003,25(1):100-108.Chen M H,Deng Z H,Jia Q H.The relationship between the satel-lite infrared anomalies before earthquake and the seismogenic fault[J].Seismology and Geology,2003,25(1):100-108.
[18]郭卫英,单新建,马瑾.对2001年昆仑山口西8.1级地震前断层带红外增温异常的讨论[J].地震地质,2004,26(3):548-556.Guo W Y,Shan X J,Ma J.Discussion on the anomalous increase ofground temperature along the seismogenic fault before the Kunlun-shan Ms 8.1 earthquake in 2001[J].Seismology and Geology,2004,26(3):548-556.
[19]马瑾,马少鹏,刘培洵,等.识别断层活动和失稳的热场标志:实验室的证据[J].地震地质,2008,30(2):363-382.Ma J,Ma S P,Liu P X,et al.Thermal field indicators for identif-ying active fault and its instability from laboratory experiments[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(2):363-382.
[20]陈顺云,刘力强,刘培洵,等.应力应变与温度响应关系的理论与实验研究[J].中国科学(D):地球科学,2009,39(10):1446-1455.Chen S Y,Liu L Q,Liu P X,et al.Theoretical and experimentalstudy on relationship between strees-strain and temperature varia-tion[J].Science in China(D):Earth Science,2009,39(10):1446-1455.
[21]单新建,屈春燕,马瑾.卫星热红外观测与发震断层不同段落交替活动特征分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2005,25(2):58-62.Shan X J,Qu C Y,Ma J.Satellite thermal infrared observation andanalysis on alternate activity of different segments of seismogenic fault[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2005,25(2):58-62.
[22]陈立春,王虎,冉勇康,等.玉树Ms7.1级地震地表破裂与历史大地震[J].科学通报,2010,55(13):1200-1205.Chen L C,Wang H,Ran Y K,et al.The Ms 7.1 Yushu earthquakesurface ruptures and historical earthquakes[J].Chinese ScienceBulletin,2010,55(13):1200-1205.
[23]崔月菊,杜建国,陈志,等.2010年玉树Ms7.1地震前后大气物理化学遥感信息[J].地球科学进展,2011,26(7):787-794.Cui Y J,Du J G,Chen Z,et al.Remote sensing signals of atmos-pheric physics and chemistry related to 2010 Yushu Ms 7.1 earth-quake[J].Advances in Earth Science,2011,26(7):787-794.
[24]屈春燕,闫丽莉,温少妍,等.首都圈地区卫星热红外亮温变化特征研究[J].地球科学进展,2011,26(2):202-211.Qu C Y,Yan L L,Wen S Y,et al.A study of variation characteris-tics of satellite thermal infrared brightness temperature in capitalregion[J].Advances in Earth Science,2011,26(2):202-211.
[25]郭卫英,马瑾,单新建.活动断裂带的地形地貌差异与红外亮温年变特征的研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(5):1437-1773.Guo W Y,Ma J,Shan X J.Researches on the yearly characteristicof IR brightness temperature and the different hypsography on ac-tive faults[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(5):1437-1773.
[26]屈春燕,单新建,马瑾.红河断裂热红外高温条带的成因及其与地震活动性关系的探讨[J].地震学报,2006,28(1):91-97.Qu C Y,Shan X J,Ma J.Formation cause of thermal infrared hightemperature belt along Honghe fault and its relation to earthquakes[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2006,28(1):91-97.
[2]强祖基,赁常恭.青海共和7级地震卫星热红外临震增温前兆[J].现代地质,1992,6(3):297-300.Qiang Z J,Dian C G.Satellite thermal infrared impending tempera-ture increase precursor of Gonghe earthquake with magnitude 7.0Qinghai province[J].Geoscience,1992,6(3):297-300.
[3]Lu Q Q,Ding J H,Cui C Y.Probable satellite thermal infraredanomaly before the Zhangbei Ms 6.2 earthquake on January 10,1998[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2000,13(2):203-209.
[4]康春丽.川滇地区长波辐射场变化与地震活动关系研究[J].地震,2008,28(3):43-48.Kang C L.Research on relation between the OLR field change andearthquake activity in Chuan-Dian region of China[J].Earth-quake,2008,28(3):43-48.
[5]Ouzounov D,Bryant N,Logan T,et al.Satellite thermal IR phe-nomena associated with some of the major earthquakes in 1999-2003[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,2006,31:154-163.
[6]Ouzounov D,Freund F.Midinfrared emission prior to strong earth-quakes analyzed by remote sensing data[J].Advances in SpaceResearch,2004,33(3):268-273.
[7]Dey S,Singh R P.Surface latent heat flux as an earthquake precur-sor[J].Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences,2003,3(6):749-755.
[8]Cervone G,Kafatos M,Napoletani D,et al.Wavelet maxima curvesof surface latent heat flux associated with two recent Greek earth-quakes[J].Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences,2004(4):1-16.
[9]Chen M H,Deng Z H,Yang Z Z,et al.Surface latent heat flux a-nomalies prior to the Indonesia Mw 9.0 earthquake of 2004[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2006,51(8):1010-1013.
[10]徐秀登,强祖基,赁常恭.非增温背景下的热红外异常兼机制讨论[J].科学通报,1991,36(11):841-844.Xu X D,Qiang Z J,Dian C G.Thermal infrared anomalies under thenon-temperature-increment background and the mechanismdiscussion[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1991,36(11):841-844.
[11]强祖基,孔令昌,郭满红,等.卫星热红外增温机制的实验研究[J].地震学报,1997,19(2):197-201.Qiang Z J,Kong L C,Guo M H,et al.An Experimental study ontemperature increasing mechanism of satellite thermal infrared[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1997,19(2):197-201.
[12]Freund F T,Rocks that crackle and sparkle and glow:Strange pre-earthquake phenomena[J].Journal of Scientific Exploration,2003,17(1):37-71.
[13]强祖基,徐秀登,赁常恭.卫星热红外异常——临震前兆[J].科学通报,1990,35(17),1324-1327.Qiang Z J,Xu X D,Dian C G.Satellite thermal infrared anomalies:Precursor for impending earthquake[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1990,35(17),1324-1327.
[14]刘培洵,刘力强,陈顺云,等.地表岩石变形引起热红外辐射的实验研究[J].地震地质,2004,26(3):502-511.Liu P X,Liu L Q,Chen S Y,et al.An during deformation experi-ment on the infrared radiation of surficial rocks[J].Seismology andGeology,2004,26(3):502-511.
[15]吴立新,刘善军,吴育华,等.遥感-岩石力学(Ⅰ)——非连续组合断层破裂的热红外辐射规律及其构造地震前兆意义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(1):24-30.Wu L X,Liu S J,Wu Y H,et al.Remote sensing-rock mechanics(Ⅰ):Laws of thermal infrared radiation from fracturing of discon-tinuous jointed faults and its meanings for tectonic earthquake o-mens[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(1):24-30.
[16]吴立新,刘善军,吴育华,等.遥感-岩石力学(Ⅱ)——断层双剪粘滑的热红外辐射规律及其构造地震前兆意义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(2):192-198.Wu L X,Liu S J,Wu Y H,et al.Remote sensing-rock mechanics(Ⅱ):Laws of thermal infrared radiation from viscosity-sliding ofbisheared faults and its meanings for tectonic earthquake omens[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(2):192-198.
[17]陈梅花,邓志辉,贾庆华.地震前卫星红外异常与发震断裂的关系研究——以2001年昆仑山8.1级地震为例[J].地震地质,2003,25(1):100-108.Chen M H,Deng Z H,Jia Q H.The relationship between the satel-lite infrared anomalies before earthquake and the seismogenic fault[J].Seismology and Geology,2003,25(1):100-108.
[18]郭卫英,单新建,马瑾.对2001年昆仑山口西8.1级地震前断层带红外增温异常的讨论[J].地震地质,2004,26(3):548-556.Guo W Y,Shan X J,Ma J.Discussion on the anomalous increase ofground temperature along the seismogenic fault before the Kunlun-shan Ms 8.1 earthquake in 2001[J].Seismology and Geology,2004,26(3):548-556.
[19]马瑾,马少鹏,刘培洵,等.识别断层活动和失稳的热场标志:实验室的证据[J].地震地质,2008,30(2):363-382.Ma J,Ma S P,Liu P X,et al.Thermal field indicators for identif-ying active fault and its instability from laboratory experiments[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(2):363-382.
[20]陈顺云,刘力强,刘培洵,等.应力应变与温度响应关系的理论与实验研究[J].中国科学(D):地球科学,2009,39(10):1446-1455.Chen S Y,Liu L Q,Liu P X,et al.Theoretical and experimentalstudy on relationship between strees-strain and temperature varia-tion[J].Science in China(D):Earth Science,2009,39(10):1446-1455.
[21]单新建,屈春燕,马瑾.卫星热红外观测与发震断层不同段落交替活动特征分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2005,25(2):58-62.Shan X J,Qu C Y,Ma J.Satellite thermal infrared observation andanalysis on alternate activity of different segments of seismogenic fault[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2005,25(2):58-62.
[22]陈立春,王虎,冉勇康,等.玉树Ms7.1级地震地表破裂与历史大地震[J].科学通报,2010,55(13):1200-1205.Chen L C,Wang H,Ran Y K,et al.The Ms 7.1 Yushu earthquakesurface ruptures and historical earthquakes[J].Chinese ScienceBulletin,2010,55(13):1200-1205.
[23]崔月菊,杜建国,陈志,等.2010年玉树Ms7.1地震前后大气物理化学遥感信息[J].地球科学进展,2011,26(7):787-794.Cui Y J,Du J G,Chen Z,et al.Remote sensing signals of atmos-pheric physics and chemistry related to 2010 Yushu Ms 7.1 earth-quake[J].Advances in Earth Science,2011,26(7):787-794.
[24]屈春燕,闫丽莉,温少妍,等.首都圈地区卫星热红外亮温变化特征研究[J].地球科学进展,2011,26(2):202-211.Qu C Y,Yan L L,Wen S Y,et al.A study of variation characteris-tics of satellite thermal infrared brightness temperature in capitalregion[J].Advances in Earth Science,2011,26(2):202-211.
[25]郭卫英,马瑾,单新建.活动断裂带的地形地貌差异与红外亮温年变特征的研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(5):1437-1773.Guo W Y,Ma J,Shan X J.Researches on the yearly characteristicof IR brightness temperature and the different hypsography on ac-tive faults[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(5):1437-1773.
[26]屈春燕,单新建,马瑾.红河断裂热红外高温条带的成因及其与地震活动性关系的探讨[J].地震学报,2006,28(1):91-97.Qu C Y,Shan X J,Ma J.Formation cause of thermal infrared hightemperature belt along Honghe fault and its relation to earthquakes[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2006,28(1):91-97.
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