2013年4月20日芦山7.0级地震发震构造及地震地质灾害特点
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摘要
芦山地震是龙门山断裂带南段的一次破裂,其性质为角度较低的逆断层,破裂未通到地表,没有形成连续而规模显著的地震断层,但存在断续的地表形变,如公路10~20 cm的垂直位移等,显示地壳缩短及次级构造的微弱变形。本次地震形成了滑坡、崩塌、地裂缝、砂土液化等地震地质灾害。除了同震形成的滑坡和崩塌,震动和变形造成岩土体的松动和不稳定,震后地质灾害成为灾区潜在的威胁。
Lushan earthquake MS=7.0 on April 20 is another rupture of Longmenshan Fault in the eastern margin of Tibetan plateau after Wenchuan earthquake MS=8.0 with over 80 thousand dead and missing.The seismogenic fault of Lushan is a low angle thrust fault which did not reach the surface during this quake,and no significant earthquake fault was found on the surface of the macro epicenter.However,small deformation traces such as 10~20 cm offsets of the road scattered along the buried seismogenic fault,indicating the crust shortening and tiny deformation of the secondary structures of the seismogenic tectonics.Landslides,rock falls,collapses as well as fissures and liquefactions were found in the heavy shocked area.Besides the co-seismic landslides and collapses,more potential ones induced by the loosed and unstable rocks and soils shocked during the quake will be a big trouble to the quaked area.
Lushan earthquake MS=7.0 on April 20 is another rupture of Longmenshan Fault in the eastern margin of Tibetan plateau after Wenchuan earthquake MS=8.0 with over 80 thousand dead and missing.The seismogenic fault of Lushan is a low angle thrust fault which did not reach the surface during this quake,and no significant earthquake fault was found on the surface of the macro epicenter.However,small deformation traces such as 10~20 cm offsets of the road scattered along the buried seismogenic fault,indicating the crust shortening and tiny deformation of the secondary structures of the seismogenic tectonics.Landslides,rock falls,collapses as well as fissures and liquefactions were found in the heavy shocked area.Besides the co-seismic landslides and collapses,more potential ones induced by the loosed and unstable rocks and soils shocked during the quake will be a big trouble to the quaked area.
引文
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[7]陈运泰,杨智娴,张勇,等.从汶川地震到芦山地震[J].中国科学:地球科学,2013,43(6):1064-1072.
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[10]李渝生,王运生,裴向军,等.“4·20”芦山地震的构造破裂与发震断层[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),40(3):242-249.
[11]高原,王琼,赵博,等.龙门山断裂带中南段的一个破裂空段—芦山地震的震后效应[J].中国科学:地球科学,2013,43(6):1038-1046.
[2]陈立春,王虎,冉勇康,等.玉树M S7.1级地震地表破裂与历史大地震[J].科学通报,2010,55(13):1200-1205.
[3]王景明,陈国顺,陈国林,等.唐山地震地面主破裂带及地展成因探讨[J].地震研究,1981,4(4):427-450.
[4]张培震,邓起东,徐锡伟,等.盲断裂、褶皱地震与新疆1906年玛纳斯地震[J].地震地质,1994,16(3):193-204.
[5]Shaw J H and Shearer P.1999.An elusive blindthrust fault beneath metropolitan Los Angeles[J].Science,283,1516-1518.
[6]Guzofski C A,Shaw J H,Lin G,and Shearer P M.2007.Seismically active wedge structure beneath the Coalinga anticline,San Joaquin basin,California[J]J.Geophys.Res.,112,B3,B03S05,doi:10.1029/2006JB004465,2007.
[7]陈运泰,杨智娴,张勇,等.从汶川地震到芦山地震[J].中国科学:地球科学,2013,43(6):1064-1072.
[8]徐锡伟,陈桂华,于贵华,等.芦山地震发震构造及其与汶川地震关系讨论[J].地学前缘,20(3):11-20.
[9]王东坡,何思明,葛胜锦,等.“9·07”彝良地震诱发次生山地灾害调查及减灾建议[J].山地学报,2013,31(1):101-107.
[10]李渝生,王运生,裴向军,等.“4·20”芦山地震的构造破裂与发震断层[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),40(3):242-249.
[11]高原,王琼,赵博,等.龙门山断裂带中南段的一个破裂空段—芦山地震的震后效应[J].中国科学:地球科学,2013,43(6):1038-1046.
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