地震波形分析技术在川西新场地区沉积微相研究中的应用
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摘要
地震沉积学研究中仍缺乏对地质体性质及非均质性刻画的有效技术手段。针对四川盆地西部新场地区上三叠统须家河组(T3x)沉积相变化快、非均质性强的特点,以地震沉积学为主体思路,利用地震正演模拟技术及井-震标定,建立了T3x4-9砂组不同沉积微相的地震波形识别模式。通过不同地震属性的对比分析及钻井验证,反映高阶统计量分析技术对地震反射波形变化更具有敏感性,能够对砂体性质进行刻画。其中扭度属性能够有效地反映出不同沉积微相的地震波形变化,进而可以对新场地区T3x4-9砂组有利于储层发育的砂砾岩叠置河道进行刻画和预测。
In the seismic sedimentology studies,there are still absence of effective technical means to depict the nature and anisotropy of geologic bodies.Based on the characteristics of fast changing sedimentary facies and strong heterogeneity of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation(T3x) in West Sichuan,taking the seismic sedimentology as the main idea,and using seismic forward modeling technology and well-seismic calibration,this paper establishes a seismic waveform recognition mode of different sedimentary microfacies in T3x4-9 sand layer.The comparison and analysis of different seismic attributes and the verification of drilling wells reflect that the high-order statistics analysis is more sensitive to seismic reflection waveform change and can depict the nature of sand bodies.The skewness attribute can effectively reflect the seismic waveform changes of the different sedimentary microfacies.Then,one can depict and predict the superimposed river course favorable for T3x4-9 sand conglomerate reservoir development.
In the seismic sedimentology studies,there are still absence of effective technical means to depict the nature and anisotropy of geologic bodies.Based on the characteristics of fast changing sedimentary facies and strong heterogeneity of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation(T3x) in West Sichuan,taking the seismic sedimentology as the main idea,and using seismic forward modeling technology and well-seismic calibration,this paper establishes a seismic waveform recognition mode of different sedimentary microfacies in T3x4-9 sand layer.The comparison and analysis of different seismic attributes and the verification of drilling wells reflect that the high-order statistics analysis is more sensitive to seismic reflection waveform change and can depict the nature of sand bodies.The skewness attribute can effectively reflect the seismic waveform changes of the different sedimentary microfacies.Then,one can depict and predict the superimposed river course favorable for T3x4-9 sand conglomerate reservoir development.
引文
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[16]朱筱敏,董艳蕾,胡廷惠,等.精细层序地层格架与地震沉积学研究——以泌阳凹陷核桃园组为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(4):615-624.Zhu X M,Dong Y L,Hu T H,et al.Seismic sedi-mentology study of fine sequence stratigraphicframework:a case study of the Hetaoyuan Forma-tion in the Biyang Sag[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2011,32(4):615-624.(In Chinese)
[17]徐强,王英民,吕明,等.陆架边缘三角洲在层序地层格架中的识别及其意义——以南海白云凹陷为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(5):733-742.Xu Q,Wang Y M,Lyu M,et al.Identification andsignificance of shelf margin delta in sequence strati-graphic framework:A case study of Baiyun Sag,South China Sea[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2011,32(5):733-742.(In Chinese)
[18]张玺华,陈洪德,侯明才,等.四川盆地西部新场地区须家河组四段9砂组地震沉积学[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(1):95-101.Zhang X H,Chen H D,Hou M C,et al.Seismicsedimentology of the 9th sand group in the 4th mem-ber of the Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Xinchangarea of the western Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&GasGeology,2013,34(1):95-101.(In Chinese)
[2]Zeng H L,Ambrose W A.Seismic sedimentologyand regional depositional systems in Mioceno Norte,Lake Maracaibo,Venezuela[J].The Leading Edge,2001,20(11):1260-1269.
[3]Zeng H L,Henry S C,Riola J P.Stratal slicing,partⅡ:Real 3-D seismic data[J].Geopgysics,1998,63(2):514-522.
[4]Zeng H L,Backus M M.Interpretive advantages of90°phase wavelets:Part 1:Modeling[J].Geophys-ics,2005,70(3):7-15.
[5]张义娜,朱筱敏,刘长利.地震沉积学及其在中亚南部地区的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(1):74-79.Zhang Y N,Zhu X M,Liu C L.Seismic sedimentol-ogy and its application in south area of central Asia[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,36(1):74-79.(In Chinese)
[6]陈海清,范金源.地震资料解释新技术在柴达木岩性勘探中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(1):78-84.Chen H Q,Fan J Y.Application of new techniquesof seismic data interpretation to lithologic explorationin Qaidam basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(1):78-84.(In Chinese)
[7]应明雄.地震沉积学在塔巴庙D气田的应用研究[D].成都:成都理工大学档案馆,2009.Ying M X.The Application and Study of SeismicSedimentology in Gas Fields Tabamiao D[D].Cheng-du:The Archive of Chengdu University of Technolo-gy,2009.(In Chinese)
[8]刘喜武,宁俊瑞,刘培体,等.地震时频分析与分频解释及频谱分解技术在地震沉积学与储层成像中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(5):1679-1688.Liu X W,Ning J R,Liu P T,et al.Application oftime-frequency analysis,frequency-dependent inter-pretation and spectral decomposition in seismic sedim-entology and reservoir imaging[J].Progress in Geo-physics,2009,24(5):1679-1688.(In Chinese)
[9]董春梅,张宪国,林承焰.有关地震沉积学若干问题的探讨[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(4):405-409.Dong C M,Zhang X G,Lin C Y.Discussion on sev-eral issues about seismic sedimentology[J].Oil Geo-physical Prospecting,2006,41(4):405-409.(InChinese)
[10]林承焰,张宪国,董春梅.地震沉积学及其初步应用[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):69-71.Lin C Y,Zhang X G,Dong C M.Concept of seis-mic sedimentology and its preliminary application[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(2):69-71.(In Chinese)
[11]李庆忠,张进.岩性油气田勘探——河道砂储集层的研究方法[M].青岛:海洋大学出版社,2006:130.Li Q Z,Zhang J.Exploration Method of Litholog-ical Oil and Gas Field:Knowledge of ContinentalRiver Channel System Reservoir[M].Qingdao:Chi-na Ocean University Press,2006:130.(In Chinese)
[12]韩喜,高兴友,车廷信,等.利用地震属性沿层分析方法研究河流相沉积环境[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(1):120-124.Han X,Gao X Y,Che T X,et al.Using horizonattributes to study fluvial depositional environment[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(1):120-124.(In Chinese)
[13]张军华,周振晓,谭明友,等.地震切片解释中的几个理论问题[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(3):348-352,361.Zhang J H,Zhou Z X,Tan M Y.Discussions onseveral issues in seismic slice interpretation[J].OilGeophysical Prospecting,2007,42(3):348-352,361.(In Chinese)
[14]钱荣钧.对地震切片解释中一些问题的分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(4):482-487.Qian R J.Analysis on some problems in stratal sliceinterpretation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(4):482-487.(In Chinese)
[15]陈汉军,叶泰然,郭伟,等.云南曲靖盆地浅层气藏地震储层预测及勘探前景分析[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(2):207-213.Chen H J,Ye T R,Guo W,et al.Seismic reservoirprediction and exploration prospect analysis of shal-low gas reservoirs in the Qujing Basin,YunnanProvince[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2009,30(2):207-213.(In Chinese)
[16]朱筱敏,董艳蕾,胡廷惠,等.精细层序地层格架与地震沉积学研究——以泌阳凹陷核桃园组为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(4):615-624.Zhu X M,Dong Y L,Hu T H,et al.Seismic sedi-mentology study of fine sequence stratigraphicframework:a case study of the Hetaoyuan Forma-tion in the Biyang Sag[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2011,32(4):615-624.(In Chinese)
[17]徐强,王英民,吕明,等.陆架边缘三角洲在层序地层格架中的识别及其意义——以南海白云凹陷为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(5):733-742.Xu Q,Wang Y M,Lyu M,et al.Identification andsignificance of shelf margin delta in sequence strati-graphic framework:A case study of Baiyun Sag,South China Sea[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2011,32(5):733-742.(In Chinese)
[18]张玺华,陈洪德,侯明才,等.四川盆地西部新场地区须家河组四段9砂组地震沉积学[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(1):95-101.Zhang X H,Chen H D,Hou M C,et al.Seismicsedimentology of the 9th sand group in the 4th mem-ber of the Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Xinchangarea of the western Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&GasGeology,2013,34(1):95-101.(In Chinese)
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