准噶尔盆地中部地震资料提高分辨率处理研究
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摘要
准噶尔盆地中部地区地表大部分被沙漠、戈壁砾石覆盖,地震勘探分辨率较低。在对各勘探区块实际资料处理的基础上,提出了该区地震资料的特点和处理的技术难点,并总结了提高分辨率处理的思路和技术措施。主要包括:①消除近地表因素对资料采集的影响,包括静校正和噪音压制技术等;②叠前拓宽地震资料频带,包括振幅补偿和叠前反褶积技术等;③借助高精度速度分析、剩余静校正和高次项NMO技术,通过多次覆盖叠加,消除资料中随机噪声干扰,提高资料信噪比,尤其是高频端反射信息的信噪比,改善高频反射和弱反射信号信噪比,提高“高频反射死亡线”;④叠后有限反射频带识别、抬高优势频率等。利用上述手段,有效地提高了地震资料的分辨率,从而提高了与钻井资料的吻合程度。
Most of the central area of Junngar basin is covered by desert and gobi, leading to a low resolution of seismic data. Based on actual data processing of prospecting areas, the characteristics of seismic data and the technical difficulties in data processing were summarized. The clues and techniques to improve the resolution of data processing are 1) removing the affection of near surface factors on data acquisition,including static correction and noise eliminating technique etc, 2) broadening the frequency band of pre-stack seismic data, including amplitude compensation and pre-stack deconvo-lution etc, 3) improving S/N ratio of high frequency and weak reflection signals through multiple coverage with high precision velocity analysis, residual static correction and high-order NMO, raising "dead line of high frequency reflection", and 4) identifying post-stack effective reflection frequency band, enhancing dominant frequency and so on. By take the advantages of these techniques, the data resolution can be improved efficiently and the seismic data will be in better accordance with the borehole data.
Most of the central area of Junngar basin is covered by desert and gobi, leading to a low resolution of seismic data. Based on actual data processing of prospecting areas, the characteristics of seismic data and the technical difficulties in data processing were summarized. The clues and techniques to improve the resolution of data processing are 1) removing the affection of near surface factors on data acquisition,including static correction and noise eliminating technique etc, 2) broadening the frequency band of pre-stack seismic data, including amplitude compensation and pre-stack deconvo-lution etc, 3) improving S/N ratio of high frequency and weak reflection signals through multiple coverage with high precision velocity analysis, residual static correction and high-order NMO, raising "dead line of high frequency reflection", and 4) identifying post-stack effective reflection frequency band, enhancing dominant frequency and so on. By take the advantages of these techniques, the data resolution can be improved efficiently and the seismic data will be in better accordance with the borehole data.
引文
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10李庆忠．走向精确勘探的道路[M]．北京:石油工业出版社,1993．61～69
2周竹生,黎家盆．叠后高分辨率资料处理方法及应用效果[J]．石油地球物理勘探,1994,25(5):601～609
3熊翥．复杂地区地震数据处理思路[M]．北京:石油工业出版社,2002．35～37
4潘文峰,张树海,秦瞳等．塔里木盆地沙漠区折射波观测方法分析[J]．石油物探,2004,43(3):258～261
5Yilmaz O．地震数据处理[M]．北京:石油工业出版社, 1994．125～132
6蔡希玲,张俊桥．复杂地表区噪音分析技术与噪音压制方法应用[J]．石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(增刊): 1～4
7魏继东,张旭．曹国滨等．四川松潘-阿坝低信噪比地区采集方法研究[J]．石油物探,2005,44(2):167～169
8凌云．大地吸收衰减分析[J]．石油地球物理勘探, 2001,36(1):1～8
9王大兴,史松群．苏里格庙储层预测技术及效果[J]．中国石油勘探,2001,6(3):32～43
10李庆忠．走向精确勘探的道路[M]．北京:石油工业出版社,1993．61～69
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