华北中元古界雾迷山组地震驱动的软沉积物变形构造及其地质意义
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摘要
软沉积物变形构造是确定古地震存在的关键证据之一.拒马河流域野三坡地区雾迷山组中识别出2个软沉积物变形事件层,分别位于雾迷山组的底部、岩性段Ⅰ的顶部.典型的变形构造有丘槽构造、水压破碎构造和液化脉构造.丘槽构造可进一步分成2类:一是发育于潮坪带、伴生液化构造、且槽内充填原地沉积物的Ⅰ型丘槽构造;一是发育于斜坡带、无液化构造伴生、常被地震海啸沉积覆盖的Ⅱ型丘槽构造.水压破碎构造伴生流化砾岩坨、底辟沙侵和塌陷断裂.液化脉可划分出侧向滑移和水压破裂2种.软沉积物变形构造形态、位态及发育层位特征表明,它们的驱动机制最有可能是地震活动.迄今,已发现的雾迷山组震积岩大多沿燕辽裂谷西缘控盆断裂分布,指示软沉积物变形与西缘控盆断裂间存在密切的成因联系.据此,进一步探讨了这些软沉积物变形构造的地质意义.
引文
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12乔秀夫,高林志.华北中新元古代及早古生代地震灾变事件及与Rodinia的关系.科学通报,1999,44(16):1753—1757
13王松山,桑海清,裘冀,等.蓟县剖面杨庄组和雾迷山组形成年龄的研究.地质科学,1995,30(2):166—172
14Bauerman H.Report on the geology of the country near the forty-ninth parallel of the north latitude west of Rocky Mountains.Canadian Geological Survey,Report of Progress,1885,1882-1884:1—2
15Furniss C S,Rittel J F,Winston D.Gas bubble and expansion crack origin of molar-tooth calcite structures in the Middle Pro-terozoic Belt supergroup,western Montana.J Sediment Res,1998,68(1):104—114
16Elliott C G,Williams P F.Sediment slump structures:A review of diagnostic criteria and application to an example from Newfound-land.J Struct Geol,1988,10(2):171—182
17Lowes D R.Subaqueous liquefied and fluidized flows and their deposits.Sedimentology,1976,23(3):285—308
18温献德.华北北部中、上元古界的大陆裂谷模式和地层划分.前寒武纪研究进展,1997,20(3):21—28
19和政军,孟祥化,葛铭.燕山地区长城纪沉积演化及构造背景.沉积学报,1994,12(2):10—19
20乔秀夫.中朝板块元古昼板内地震带与盆地格局.地学前缘,2002,9(3):141—149
2Obermeier S F.Use of Liquefaction-induced features for paleo-seismic analysis—An overview of how seismic liquefaction features can be distinguished from other features and how their re-gional distribution and properties of source sediment can be used to infer the location and strength of Holocene paleo-earthquakes.Eng Geol,1996,44(1-4):1—74
3Pope M C,Read J F,Bambach R,et al.Late Middle to Late Ordi-vician seismites of Kentucky,southwest Ohio and Virginia:sedi-mentary recorders of earthquakes in the Appalachian basin.GSA Bull,1997,109(4):489—503
4Ettensohn F R,Rast N,Kulp M A.Locating possible epicentral areas for paleoearthquakes,middle Ordivician Lexington Lime-stone,central Kentucky.Geol Soc of Am Abst Prog,2000,32:A215
5Rast N,Ettensohn F R,Rast D E.Taconian seismogenic deforma-tion in the Appalachian Orogen and the North American craton.In:Mac-Niocaill C,Ryan P D,eds.Continental Tectonics.Geol Soc of London Special Publication,1999,164:127—137
6Matsuda J I.Seismic deformation structures of the post-2300a BP muddy sediments in Kawachi lowland plain,Osaka,Japan.Sed Geol,2000,135(1-4):99—116
7Obermeier S F.Liquefaction evidence for strong earthquackes of Holocene and latest Pleistocene ages in the states of Indiana andIllinois,USA.Eng Geol,1998,50(3-4):227—254
8Rodriguez-Pascua M A,Calvo J P,Vicente G D,et al.Soft-sedi-ment deformation structures interpreted as seismites in lacustrine sediments of the Prebetic Zone,SE Spain,and their potential use as indicators of earthquake magnitudes during the Late Miocene.Sed Geol,2000,135(1-4):117—135
9Moretti M.Soft-sediment deformation structures interpreted as seismites in middle-late Pleistocene Aeolian deposits(Apulian foreland,Southern Italy).Sed Geol,2000,135(1-4):167—179
10Rossetti D F,Goes A M.Deciphering the sedimentological imprint of paleoseismic events:an example from the Aptian Codo Forma-tion,Northern Brazil.Sed Geol,2000,135(1-4):137—156
11宋天锐.北京十三陵前寒武纪碳酸盐岩地层中的一套可能的地震-海啸序列.科学通报,1988,33(8):609—611
12乔秀夫,高林志.华北中新元古代及早古生代地震灾变事件及与Rodinia的关系.科学通报,1999,44(16):1753—1757
13王松山,桑海清,裘冀,等.蓟县剖面杨庄组和雾迷山组形成年龄的研究.地质科学,1995,30(2):166—172
14Bauerman H.Report on the geology of the country near the forty-ninth parallel of the north latitude west of Rocky Mountains.Canadian Geological Survey,Report of Progress,1885,1882-1884:1—2
15Furniss C S,Rittel J F,Winston D.Gas bubble and expansion crack origin of molar-tooth calcite structures in the Middle Pro-terozoic Belt supergroup,western Montana.J Sediment Res,1998,68(1):104—114
16Elliott C G,Williams P F.Sediment slump structures:A review of diagnostic criteria and application to an example from Newfound-land.J Struct Geol,1988,10(2):171—182
17Lowes D R.Subaqueous liquefied and fluidized flows and their deposits.Sedimentology,1976,23(3):285—308
18温献德.华北北部中、上元古界的大陆裂谷模式和地层划分.前寒武纪研究进展,1997,20(3):21—28
19和政军,孟祥化,葛铭.燕山地区长城纪沉积演化及构造背景.沉积学报,1994,12(2):10—19
20乔秀夫.中朝板块元古昼板内地震带与盆地格局.地学前缘,2002,9(3):141—149
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