在科学研究的实践中学习和进步——纪念海原大地震90周年,为地震预测和防震减灾事业而努力
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摘要
1920年12月16日20时06分09秒发生于中国宁夏海原地区的8.5级大地震是中国3个最大的8.5级地震之一,死亡人数当时估计为23万余人,最近重新估计达27万余人,其灾难之重,惨绝人寰。海原地震研究开辟了中国首次地震实地科学调查、利用现代科学方法观测地震的先河。20世纪中叶海原地震研究获得了突破性进展,发现了长达200余km作左旋水平位移的同震破裂带,出版了该地震的第一部专著。20世纪80年代,在海原活动断裂带建立和发展了活动构造大比例尺填图技术,开创性完成了第一份活动断裂带大比例尺地质图;对发震断裂的细结构和变形机制、断裂滑动速率、同震位移分布、古地震及其重复间隔和发震模型等进行了定量研究,对其地震危险性进行了评估;在断裂的低速率滑动、拉分盆地、走滑断裂的破裂扩展、走滑断裂走滑量与尾端构造挤压量的转换平衡和六盘山构造变形机制等动力学问题上取得创新性成果。在海原大地震发生90周年的今天,回顾几十年来的研究进展,提出进一步努力的方向,告慰在灾难中逝去的先民,更加努力地做好今后的工作,为地震预测和防震减灾贡献更大的力量。
The great Haiyuan earthquake occurred at 20: 06: 09 on December 16,1920 in the southern Ningxia Autonomous Region.The magnitude of this earthquake is 8.5 which is listed as one of the three greatest earthquakes occurring in continental China.This devastating earthquake killed about 230,000 people according to previous reports.Recent studies show that total casualty might have reached 270.000.Study on this earthquake using modern scientific and technological methods is the first in the history of earthquake research in China that sets up the monument in China's earthquake science.Significant breakthrough took place in the 80s of last century.The earthquake surface rupture,with 200km in length and prominent left-lateral strike-slip displacement,was discovered.The first monograph on the Haiyuan earthquake was published.The innovative technology of large-scale geological mapping of active faults was developed during studies on the Haiyuan earthquake surface ruptures with the publication of the first large-scale map of the Haiyaun active fault.Quantitative studies were carried out on fine structures and geometry of the fault zone,Holocene slip rate,co-seismic displacement,paleoearthquake and recurrence interval of great earthquake,and future earthquake risk assessment.The innovative studies also include rupture propagation along strike-slip fault,evolution of pull-apart basin,determination of total offset across the strike-slip fault,transition equilibrium between strike-slip displacement along its major strand and crustal shortening at its end of the strike-slip fault,and the mechanism of deformation on the Liupanshan Mountains.On the occasion of the 90th anniversary of the tragic Haiyuan earthquake,the careful retrospect in scientific progresses achieved during past 20 years would lead to further directions in the studies of active faults and earthquake hazard reduction,so that we can console those killed by the Haiyuan earthquake and put forward our efforts toward earthquake prediction and seismic hazard reduction.
The great Haiyuan earthquake occurred at 20: 06: 09 on December 16,1920 in the southern Ningxia Autonomous Region.The magnitude of this earthquake is 8.5 which is listed as one of the three greatest earthquakes occurring in continental China.This devastating earthquake killed about 230,000 people according to previous reports.Recent studies show that total casualty might have reached 270.000.Study on this earthquake using modern scientific and technological methods is the first in the history of earthquake research in China that sets up the monument in China's earthquake science.Significant breakthrough took place in the 80s of last century.The earthquake surface rupture,with 200km in length and prominent left-lateral strike-slip displacement,was discovered.The first monograph on the Haiyuan earthquake was published.The innovative technology of large-scale geological mapping of active faults was developed during studies on the Haiyuan earthquake surface ruptures with the publication of the first large-scale map of the Haiyaun active fault.Quantitative studies were carried out on fine structures and geometry of the fault zone,Holocene slip rate,co-seismic displacement,paleoearthquake and recurrence interval of great earthquake,and future earthquake risk assessment.The innovative studies also include rupture propagation along strike-slip fault,evolution of pull-apart basin,determination of total offset across the strike-slip fault,transition equilibrium between strike-slip displacement along its major strand and crustal shortening at its end of the strike-slip fault,and the mechanism of deformation on the Liupanshan Mountains.On the occasion of the 90th anniversary of the tragic Haiyuan earthquake,the careful retrospect in scientific progresses achieved during past 20 years would lead to further directions in the studies of active faults and earthquake hazard reduction,so that we can console those killed by the Haiyuan earthquake and put forward our efforts toward earthquake prediction and seismic hazard reduction.
引文
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①邓起东,杨虎,2010,海原地震和海原活动断裂带文献目录(1920—2011)。[见本期231—239页]
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①邓起东,杨虎,2010,海原地震和海原活动断裂带文献目录(1920—2011)。[见本期231—239页]
陈社发,邓起东.1985.南西华山断裂带中拉分盆地的构造组合及其演化模式[A].见:国家地震局地质研究所编.现代地壳运动研究(1).北京:地震出版社.98-106.CHEN She-fa,DENG Qi-dong.1985.Structural pattern and evolution of the pull-apart basins in south and west HuashanFault zone[J].In:Institute of Geology,SSB(ed).Research on Recent Crustal Movement(1).SeismologicalPress,Beijing.98-106(in Chinese).
邓起东.1984a.中国几条活动断裂的运动机制、滑动速率和地震重复性研究概述[J].国际地震动态,(3):5—8.DENG Qi-dong.1984a.General account of studies on movement mechanism,slip rate and earthquake recurrence rate ofsome active faults in China[J].Recent Development in World Seismology,(3):5—8(in Chinese).
邓起东.1984b.断层性状、盆地类型及其形成机制[J].地震科学研究,(1—6)连载:(1):59—64;(2):57—64;(3):56—64;(4):58—64;(5):58—64;(6):51—59.DENG Qi-dong.1984b.The behavior of fault and basin type and their formation mechanism[J].Journal of EarthquakeStudies,(1):59—64;(2):57—64;(3):56—64;(4):58—64;(5):58—64;(6):51—59(in Chi-nese).
邓起东,张维歧,汪一鹏,等.1987.海原走滑断裂带和1920年海原地震断层基本特征及其形成机制[J].见:国家地震局地质研究所编.现代地壳运动研究(3).北京:地震出版社.9—25.DENG Qi-dong,ZHANG Wei-qi,WANG Yi-peng,et al.1987.Main features of Haiyuan Fault and their formation mech-anism[J].In:Institute of Geology,SSB(ed).Research on Recent Crustal Movement(3).Seismological Press,Beijing.9—25(in Chinese).
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邓起东,张培震,冉勇康,等.2003.中国活动构造与地震活动[J].地学前缘,10(特刊):66—73.DENG Qi-dong,ZHANG Pei-zhen,RAN Yong-kang,et al.2003.Active tectonics and earthquake activities in China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,10(Suppl):66—73(in Chinese).
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江娃利.2008.试论地质学者的地震理念[J].地震地质,30(1):305—323.JIANG Wa-li.2008.Discussion on seismological principle of geologist[J].Seismology and Geology,30(1):305—323(in Chinese).
李善邦.1948.三十年来我国地震研究[J].科学,30(6).LI Shan-bang.1948.Earthquake research in China in the past30years[J].Science,30(6).
李善邦.1956.中国地震目录[Z].北京:科学出版社.LI Shan-bang.1956.Chinese Earthquake Catalogue[Z].Science Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
刘百篪,张俊玲,吴建华,等.2003.1920年12月16日海原8.5级大地震的伤亡人口再评估[J].中国地震,19(4):386—399.LIU Bai-chi,ZHANG Jun-ling,WU Jian-hua,et al.2003.Reevaluating on casualty in the Haiyuan MS8.5Earthquakeon December16,1920[J].Earthquake Research in China,19(4):386—399(in Chinese).
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