基于各向异性分析的微地震震源矢量场重建和裂缝解释
|
摘要
针对微地震裂缝解释的复杂性,从震源矢量场的重建开始研究,在研究VTI介质速度模型各向异性条件下的走时和透射系数的变化特征基础上,形成了各向异性条件下的群、相速度及透射系数的计算方法.针对多级检波器水平分量朝向的多向性特点,提出了多级检波器水平分量的偏振分析方法,得到了完整的水平特征矢量,克服了单级检波器水平分量偏振分析构建特征矢量信息不全的问题,形成了高精度微地震事件定位方法,实现各向异性VTI介质速度模型的高斯束微地震格林函数正演模拟.利用格林函数模拟场、观测记录场,从构建完整场研究入手,重建震源矢量场.根据重建的震源矢量场,提出了裂缝解释的全新的系列方法,包括单条裂缝、裂缝网络的解释方法.通过实际资料的测试分析,验证了研究技术的实用性.
In order to improve the interpretation progress of fracture micro-seismic monitoring,in the view of micro-seismic vector field reconstruction,this work proposed the approach for reconstruction of the micro-seismic source vector field reconstruction and interpretation of cracks based on anisotropic conditions.Starting with analyzing characteristics of source radiation,we study the relationship between characteristics of rock fractures and response of seismic sources.By study of the variation characteristics of the travel-time and the transmission coefficient under the condition of the anisotropic VTI velocity model,we formed the calculation method of group velocity,phase velocity and transmission coefficient under the condition of anisotropy. Using horizontal component multidirectional characteristics of multi-stage geophones,we proposed a polarization analysis method of multi-stage geophone horizontal component,obtained horizontal characteristic vectors,overcame the incomplete information problem due to using the single-stage geophonehorizontal component polarization analysis to build feature vector,and formed a high-precision micro-seismic event location method and realized forward modeling of Gauss beam Green′s function in the anisotropic VTI velocity model.The results show that whether micro-seismic fracture interpretation is correct or not is closely related with source radiation characteristics.To get the complete source vector field,we should remove the influence of the formation.The anomalies of seismic travel time and amplitude caused by the formation anisotropy vary with different seismic ray incidence directions and the angles of incidence,the change showed significant in nonlinear characteristics,especially near the critical angle.Using multi-level detector components to build a complete horizontal component,it is possible to enhance accuracy and stability of positioning results.Using reconstruction the source vector field,and according to the vector field characteristics of rock fractures,this work formed a quantitative source vector field interpretation of crack fracture orientations and fracture sizes,Through test analysis of real data,we have verified the practicality of the method.
In order to improve the interpretation progress of fracture micro-seismic monitoring,in the view of micro-seismic vector field reconstruction,this work proposed the approach for reconstruction of the micro-seismic source vector field reconstruction and interpretation of cracks based on anisotropic conditions.Starting with analyzing characteristics of source radiation,we study the relationship between characteristics of rock fractures and response of seismic sources.By study of the variation characteristics of the travel-time and the transmission coefficient under the condition of the anisotropic VTI velocity model,we formed the calculation method of group velocity,phase velocity and transmission coefficient under the condition of anisotropy. Using horizontal component multidirectional characteristics of multi-stage geophones,we proposed a polarization analysis method of multi-stage geophone horizontal component,obtained horizontal characteristic vectors,overcame the incomplete information problem due to using the single-stage geophonehorizontal component polarization analysis to build feature vector,and formed a high-precision micro-seismic event location method and realized forward modeling of Gauss beam Green′s function in the anisotropic VTI velocity model.The results show that whether micro-seismic fracture interpretation is correct or not is closely related with source radiation characteristics.To get the complete source vector field,we should remove the influence of the formation.The anomalies of seismic travel time and amplitude caused by the formation anisotropy vary with different seismic ray incidence directions and the angles of incidence,the change showed significant in nonlinear characteristics,especially near the critical angle.Using multi-level detector components to build a complete horizontal component,it is possible to enhance accuracy and stability of positioning results.Using reconstruction the source vector field,and according to the vector field characteristics of rock fractures,this work formed a quantitative source vector field interpretation of crack fracture orientations and fracture sizes,Through test analysis of real data,we have verified the practicality of the method.
引文
Fu L Y,Mou Y G.1994.Boundary element method for elastic waveforward modeling.Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),37(4):521-529.
Furumura T,Kennett B,Takenaka H.1998.Parallel 3-D pseudospectralsimulation of seismic wave propagation.Geophysics,63(1):279-288,doi:10.1190/1.1444322.
Jiang F X,Yang S H,Cheng Y H,et al.2006.A study on microseismic monitoring of rock burst in coal mine.Chinese Journalof Geophysics(in Chinese),49(5):1511-1516.
Jin P,Xu G M,Lou W T.1998.Elastic waves from a point force intransversely isotropic media.Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),41(4):525-536.
Jupe A,Cowles J,Jones R,et al.2000.Micro-seismic monitoring:Listen and see the reservoir.World Oil,12:171-173.
Leidenfrost A,Ettrich N,Gajewski D,et al.1999.Comparision ofsix different methods for calculating travel times.GeophysicalProspecting,47(3):269-297.
Li Y M.1988.Transparent wave field reconstruction and thethickness inversion of the layered media.Acta GeophysicaSinica(in Chinese),31(6):649-656.
Liu E R,Yue J H,Pan D M.2006.Frequency-dependentanisotropy:Effects of multiple fracture sets on shear wavepolarisations.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),49(5):1401-1409.
Liu P X,Chen S Y,Guo Y S,et al.2014.Moment tensor inversionof acoustic emission.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),57(3):858-866,doi:10.6038/cjg20140315.
Moser T J.1991.Shortest path calculation of seismic rays.Geophysics,56(1):59-67.
Prugger A F,Gendzwill D J.1988.Microearthquake location:Anonlinear approach that makes use of a simplex steppingprocedure.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am,78(2):799-815.
Rutledge J T,Phillips W S,House L S,et al.1998.Microseismicmapping of a Cotton Valley Hydraulic Fracture using decimateddownhole arrays.International Exposition and Sixty EighthAnnual Meeting.New Orleans,Louisiana.
Stanton A,Mauricio D S.2013.Vector reconstruction of multicomponent seismic data.Geophysics,78(4):V131-V145,doi:10.1190/geo2012-0448.1.
Stoffa P L,Sen M K.1991.Nonlinear multi-parameter optimizationusing genetic algorithms:Inversion of plane-wave seismograms.Geophysics,56(11):1794-1810.
Wang C L,Cheng J B,Yin C,et al.2013.Microseismic eventslocation of surface and borehole observation with reverse-timefocusing using interferometry technique.Chinese JournalGeophysics(in Chinese),56(9):3184-3196,doi:10.6038/cjg20130931
Wang S S,Deng Y Q.1997.Hybrid algorithm for forward modelingof elastic waves.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),32(6):804-808.
Wang W M,Hao J L,Yao Z X.2013.Preliminary result forrupture process of Apr.20,2013,Lushan Earthquake,Sichuan,China.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(4):1412-1417,doi:10.6038/cjg20130436.
Yao Z X,Zheng T Y,Wen L X.1994.Moment tensor inversionmethod for determining the earthquake process by the use of Pwave form date.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),37(1):34-44.
Ye G X,Jiang F X,Yang S H.2008.Possibility of automaticallypicking first arrival of microseismic wave by energy eigenvaluemethod.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),51(5):1574-1581,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2008.05.033.
Zhang P,Yang C C,Li Y M.2000.3-D multi-valued seismic wavefield reconstruction and Green′s function computation.ChineseJournal of Geophysics(in Chinese),43(2):241-250,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2000.02.012.
Zhu G M,Li G H,Zhang W B.2008.Numeric simulation of 3-Component cross-hole seismic surveying wave field in VTImedia.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),43(2):206.
符力耘,牟永光.1994.弹性波边界元法正演模拟.地球物理学报,37(4):521-529.
姜福兴,杨淑华,成云海等.2006.煤矿冲击地压的微地震监测研究.地球物理学报,49(5):1511-1516.
靳平,徐果明,楼沩涛.1998.点力源在横向各向同性介质中激发的弹性波.地球物理学报,41(4):525-536.
李幼铭.1988.透射波波场重建和介质层厚反演研究.地球物理学报,31(6):649-656.
刘恩儒,岳建华,潘冬明.2006.地震各向异性———多组裂隙对横波偏振的影响.地球物理学报,49(5):1401-1409.
刘培洵,陈顺云,郭彦双等.2014.声发射矩张量反演.地球物理学报,57(3):858-866,doi:10.6038/cjg20140315.
王晨龙,程玖兵,尹陈等.2013.地面与井中观测条件下的微地震干涉逆时定位算法.地球物理学报,56(9):3184-3196,doi:10.6038/cjg20130931.
王山山,邓玉琼.1997.弹性波正演模拟的混合算法.石油地球物理勘探,32(6):804-808.
王卫民,郝金来,姚振兴.2013.2013年4月20日四川芦山地震震源破裂过程反演初步结果.地球物理学报,56(4):1412-1417,doi:10.6038/cjg20130436.
姚振兴,郑天愉,温联星.1994.用P波波形资料反演中强地震地震矩张量的方法.地球物理学报,37(1):34-44.
叶根喜,姜福兴,杨淑华.2008.时窗能量特征法拾取微地震波初始到时的可行性研究.地球物理学报,51(5):1574-1581,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2008.05.033.
张钋,杨长春,李幼铭.2000.三维多值走时地震波场重建及格林函数计算.地球物理学报,43(2):241-250,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2000.02.012.
朱光明,李桂花,张文波.2008.VTI介质三分量井间地震观测波场数值模拟.石油地球物理勘探,43(2):201-207.
Furumura T,Kennett B,Takenaka H.1998.Parallel 3-D pseudospectralsimulation of seismic wave propagation.Geophysics,63(1):279-288,doi:10.1190/1.1444322.
Jiang F X,Yang S H,Cheng Y H,et al.2006.A study on microseismic monitoring of rock burst in coal mine.Chinese Journalof Geophysics(in Chinese),49(5):1511-1516.
Jin P,Xu G M,Lou W T.1998.Elastic waves from a point force intransversely isotropic media.Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),41(4):525-536.
Jupe A,Cowles J,Jones R,et al.2000.Micro-seismic monitoring:Listen and see the reservoir.World Oil,12:171-173.
Leidenfrost A,Ettrich N,Gajewski D,et al.1999.Comparision ofsix different methods for calculating travel times.GeophysicalProspecting,47(3):269-297.
Li Y M.1988.Transparent wave field reconstruction and thethickness inversion of the layered media.Acta GeophysicaSinica(in Chinese),31(6):649-656.
Liu E R,Yue J H,Pan D M.2006.Frequency-dependentanisotropy:Effects of multiple fracture sets on shear wavepolarisations.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),49(5):1401-1409.
Liu P X,Chen S Y,Guo Y S,et al.2014.Moment tensor inversionof acoustic emission.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),57(3):858-866,doi:10.6038/cjg20140315.
Moser T J.1991.Shortest path calculation of seismic rays.Geophysics,56(1):59-67.
Prugger A F,Gendzwill D J.1988.Microearthquake location:Anonlinear approach that makes use of a simplex steppingprocedure.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am,78(2):799-815.
Rutledge J T,Phillips W S,House L S,et al.1998.Microseismicmapping of a Cotton Valley Hydraulic Fracture using decimateddownhole arrays.International Exposition and Sixty EighthAnnual Meeting.New Orleans,Louisiana.
Stanton A,Mauricio D S.2013.Vector reconstruction of multicomponent seismic data.Geophysics,78(4):V131-V145,doi:10.1190/geo2012-0448.1.
Stoffa P L,Sen M K.1991.Nonlinear multi-parameter optimizationusing genetic algorithms:Inversion of plane-wave seismograms.Geophysics,56(11):1794-1810.
Wang C L,Cheng J B,Yin C,et al.2013.Microseismic eventslocation of surface and borehole observation with reverse-timefocusing using interferometry technique.Chinese JournalGeophysics(in Chinese),56(9):3184-3196,doi:10.6038/cjg20130931
Wang S S,Deng Y Q.1997.Hybrid algorithm for forward modelingof elastic waves.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),32(6):804-808.
Wang W M,Hao J L,Yao Z X.2013.Preliminary result forrupture process of Apr.20,2013,Lushan Earthquake,Sichuan,China.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(4):1412-1417,doi:10.6038/cjg20130436.
Yao Z X,Zheng T Y,Wen L X.1994.Moment tensor inversionmethod for determining the earthquake process by the use of Pwave form date.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),37(1):34-44.
Ye G X,Jiang F X,Yang S H.2008.Possibility of automaticallypicking first arrival of microseismic wave by energy eigenvaluemethod.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),51(5):1574-1581,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2008.05.033.
Zhang P,Yang C C,Li Y M.2000.3-D multi-valued seismic wavefield reconstruction and Green′s function computation.ChineseJournal of Geophysics(in Chinese),43(2):241-250,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2000.02.012.
Zhu G M,Li G H,Zhang W B.2008.Numeric simulation of 3-Component cross-hole seismic surveying wave field in VTImedia.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),43(2):206.
符力耘,牟永光.1994.弹性波边界元法正演模拟.地球物理学报,37(4):521-529.
姜福兴,杨淑华,成云海等.2006.煤矿冲击地压的微地震监测研究.地球物理学报,49(5):1511-1516.
靳平,徐果明,楼沩涛.1998.点力源在横向各向同性介质中激发的弹性波.地球物理学报,41(4):525-536.
李幼铭.1988.透射波波场重建和介质层厚反演研究.地球物理学报,31(6):649-656.
刘恩儒,岳建华,潘冬明.2006.地震各向异性———多组裂隙对横波偏振的影响.地球物理学报,49(5):1401-1409.
刘培洵,陈顺云,郭彦双等.2014.声发射矩张量反演.地球物理学报,57(3):858-866,doi:10.6038/cjg20140315.
王晨龙,程玖兵,尹陈等.2013.地面与井中观测条件下的微地震干涉逆时定位算法.地球物理学报,56(9):3184-3196,doi:10.6038/cjg20130931.
王山山,邓玉琼.1997.弹性波正演模拟的混合算法.石油地球物理勘探,32(6):804-808.
王卫民,郝金来,姚振兴.2013.2013年4月20日四川芦山地震震源破裂过程反演初步结果.地球物理学报,56(4):1412-1417,doi:10.6038/cjg20130436.
姚振兴,郑天愉,温联星.1994.用P波波形资料反演中强地震地震矩张量的方法.地球物理学报,37(1):34-44.
叶根喜,姜福兴,杨淑华.2008.时窗能量特征法拾取微地震波初始到时的可行性研究.地球物理学报,51(5):1574-1581,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2008.05.033.
张钋,杨长春,李幼铭.2000.三维多值走时地震波场重建及格林函数计算.地球物理学报,43(2):241-250,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2000.02.012.
朱光明,李桂花,张文波.2008.VTI介质三分量井间地震观测波场数值模拟.石油地球物理勘探,43(2):201-207.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心