琼东南盆地第四纪块体搬运体系的地震特征
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摘要
第四纪以来,琼东南盆地的陆坡区域广泛发育深水块体搬运体系。深水块体搬运体系是广泛发生在外陆架/上陆坡的一种沉积物搬运机制,包括滑动、滑塌和碎屑流等重力流作用过程。利用深水3D地震资料,提取振幅和相干数据,通过地震剖面、构造图和时间切片分析,揭示块体搬运体系具有丘状外形、波状反射结构、弱振幅和连续性差的地震特征,内部整体比较杂乱,主体发育褶皱,趾部发育逆冲断层,具有塑性流体特征。结合南海构造背景分析,认为研究区第四纪沉积速率高并位于地震多发带,构成了块体搬运体系的形成条件和触发机制。
Mass transport deposits(MTDs)are widely distributed in Quaternary sedimentary sequences of the continental slope in the Qiongdongnan basin,South China Sea.MTDs are a sediment transport mechanism often occurring in the outer-shelf/upper-slope area.MTDs include slide,slump and debris flow.Based on the high resolution deepwater three-dimension seismic data,seismic amplitude and coherence data are obtained.Through the seismic profile,structural map and time slice of target strata,profile characteristics and internal structure of MTDs are revealed.MTDs are characteristic of seismic reflection of mound,hummocky,chaotic,low amplitude and poor continuity.Folds and thrust faults which are attributed to plastic deformation structures occur in MTDs,and folds occur in the main part,thrust faults in the toe part.The high sedimentation rate of Quaternary sequence and the location in the earthquake belt are the trigger mechanism of MTDs in the study area.
Mass transport deposits(MTDs)are widely distributed in Quaternary sedimentary sequences of the continental slope in the Qiongdongnan basin,South China Sea.MTDs are a sediment transport mechanism often occurring in the outer-shelf/upper-slope area.MTDs include slide,slump and debris flow.Based on the high resolution deepwater three-dimension seismic data,seismic amplitude and coherence data are obtained.Through the seismic profile,structural map and time slice of target strata,profile characteristics and internal structure of MTDs are revealed.MTDs are characteristic of seismic reflection of mound,hummocky,chaotic,low amplitude and poor continuity.Folds and thrust faults which are attributed to plastic deformation structures occur in MTDs,and folds occur in the main part,thrust faults in the toe part.The high sedimentation rate of Quaternary sequence and the location in the earthquake belt are the trigger mechanism of MTDs in the study area.
引文
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[2]Newton S,Mosher D,Shipp C,et al.Importance of masstransport complexes in the Quaternary development of the NileFan,Egypt[J].OTC Conference Proceedings 16742,2004:10.
[3]Shipp C,Nott J,Newlin J.Variations in jetting performancein deepwater environments:geotechnical characteristics andeffects of mass transport complexes[J].OTC Conference Pro-ceedings 16751,2004:11.
[4]McGilvery T,Cook D.The influence of local gradients on ac-commodation space and linked depositional elements across astepped slope profile,offshore Brunei[C]//Gulf Coast Sec-tion-SEPM Foundation 23rd Annual Bob F.Perkins ResearchConference,2003:23-55.
[5]冯文科,石要红,陈玲辉.南海北部外陆架和上陆坡海底滑坡稳定性研究[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1994,14(2):81-94.[FENG Wenke,SHI Yaohong,CHEN Linghui.Researchfor seafloor landslide stability on the outer continental shelfand the upper continental slope in the northern South ChinaSea[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,1994,14(2):81-94.]
[6]刘宗惠.南海珠江口盆地新构造运动特征[C]//南海地质研究(六),1994:30-50.[LIU Zonghui.Neotectonics at the PearlRiver mouth basin in South China Sea[C]//Geological Re-search of South China Sea(Memoir 6),1994:30-50.]
[7]孙运宝,吴时国,王志君,等.南海北部白云大型海底滑坡的几何形态与变形特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2008,28(6):69-77.[SUN Yunbao,WU Shiguo,WANG Zhijun,etal.The geometry and deformation characteristics of Baiyunsubmarine landslide[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geol-ogy,2008,28(6):69-77.]
[8]Weimer P.Sequence stratigraphy of the Mississippi Fan(Plio-Pleistocene),Gulf of Mexico[J].Geo-Marine Letters,1989,9:185-272.
[9]Weimer P.Sequence stratigraphy,facies geometries,and dep-ositional history of the Mississippi Fan,Gulf of Mexico[J].AAPG Bull.,l990,74(4):425-453.
[10]Peterson G.Implications of two Cretaceous mass transportdeposits,Sacramento valley,California1[J].Journal of Sedi-mentary Petrology,1965,35(2):401-407.
[11]Maltman A.Deformation structures preserved in rocks[C]//The Geological Deformation of Sediments.London,Chapman&Hall,1994:362.
[12]Haflidason H,Sejrup H,Nygard A,et al,The StoreggaSlide:architecture,geometry and slide development[J].Ma-rine Geology,2004,213(1-4):201-234.
[13]Weimer P,Slatt R.Introduction to the petroleum geology ofdeepwater settings[J].AAPG Studies in Geology 57,SEPMSpecial Publication,2007:419.
[14]Tripsanas E,Piper D,Jenner K,et al.Submarine mass-transport facies:new perspectives on flow processes fromcores on the eastern North American margin[J].Sedimentol-ogy,2008,55:97-136.
[15]Dott R.Dynamics of subaqueous gravity depositional proces-ses[J].AAPG Bull.,1963,47:104-128.
[16]Nardin T,Hein F,Gorsline D,et al.A review of massmovement processes,sediment,and acoustic characteristicsand contrasts in slope and base-off slope systems versus can-yon-fan-basin floor systems[J].Spec.Publ.Soc.EconomicPaleontologists and Mineralogists,1979,27:61-73.
[17]Moscardelli L,Wood L,Mann P.Mass-transport complexesand associated processes in the off-shore area of Trinidad andVenezuela[J].AAPG Bull.,2006,90:1059-1088.
[18]Moscardelli L,Wood L.New classification system for masstransport complexes in offshore Trinidad[J].Basin Re-search,2008,20:73-98.
[19]黄维,汪品先.南海沉积物总量的统计:方法与结果[J].地球科学进展,2006(5):465-473.[HUANG Wei,WANGPinxian.The statistics of sediment mass in the South ChinaSea:method and result[J].Advance in Earth Science,2006(5):465-473.]
[20]万玲,姚伯初,吴能友,等.南海西部海域新生代地质构造[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2005,25(2):45-52.[WANLing,YAO Bochu,WU Nengyou,et al.Cenozoic geologicalcharacteristics in west of the South China Sea[J].MarineGeology and Quaternary Geology,2005,25(2):45-52.]
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