地壳中的流体及其在构造和地震活动中的作用概述
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摘要
地壳中的流体及其作用问题,近年来正在成为地球科学研究的新热点与焦点。文章简要介绍了地壳中流体的基本概念与主要特性及其在全球构造、板块构造、区域构造与显微构造活动中的作用;着重介绍了流体在震源过程中的作用,地壳浅部热流体的循环与地震活动,地壳深部高导层与强震分布,断裂带中的水岩相互作用与断裂阀模式及地震水力学等。
During the recent years, the problem of fluids in the earth crust and its role has become a topic of general interest and focus in researches of the earth sciences. This paper gives brief introductions about the basic concept and main characteristics of the fluids in the earth crust and their role in the processes of the global tectonics, plate tectonics, regional tectonics and microscopic tectonics; emphati- cally introduces the role of the fluids in the earthquake hypocenter process, circulations of hot fluids in the shallower crust and earthquake activities, the high conductivity layer of deep crust and distribution of strong earthquakes; water-rock interreaction in the fault zones and the fault-valve model, as well as seismo-hydraulics.
During the recent years, the problem of fluids in the earth crust and its role has become a topic of general interest and focus in researches of the earth sciences. This paper gives brief introductions about the basic concept and main characteristics of the fluids in the earth crust and their role in the processes of the global tectonics, plate tectonics, regional tectonics and microscopic tectonics; emphati- cally introduces the role of the fluids in the earthquake hypocenter process, circulations of hot fluids in the shallower crust and earthquake activities, the high conductivity layer of deep crust and distribution of strong earthquakes; water-rock interreaction in the fault zones and the fault-valve model, as well as seismo-hydraulics.
引文
1 沈照理,钟佐燊,文冬光,等.地质流体研究进展.地球科学进展.,1994,9(3) :43～47．
2 National Research Council.The role of fluids in crustal processes.Washington:National Academy Press.1990:3～23,114．
3 徐有生,侯渭,郑海正,等.超临界水的特性及其对地壳深部物质研究的意义.地球科学进展,1995,10(5) :45～449．
4 卢焕章,李秉伦,沈昆,等.包裹体地球化学,北京:地质出版社,1990:6～19．
5 何知礼,杜加锋.流体包裹体研究的某些进展与发展趋势.地学前缘,1996,3(4) :306～312．
6 杜乐天,贾跃明,肖庆辉,等.天然气开发新方向.中国地质矿产信息研究院.1993:1～12．
7 Fyfe W.S,Price N J ,Thompson A B.Fluids in the earth's crust.Amsterdam:Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company.1978:35～41．
8 E A 主编(张秋生主译).科拉超深井.北京:地质出版社,1988:189～199．
9 李伟源.欧州共同体国家地壳流体研究的某些进展与发展趋势.地学前缘,1996,3(4) :313～323．
10 车用太,鱼金子.地震地下流体物理化学动态形成的基础理论问题.国际地震动态,1995(12) :7～12．
11 Hubbert M K,Rubey W W.Role of fluid pressure in mechanics of overthrust faulting.Geol Soc Am Bull,1959,70(115,167) .
12 Main Z U,Tozer D C.No water,no plate tectonics:convective heat transfer and the planetary surface of venus and earth.Terra Nova,1990(2) :455～459．
13 陈衍景,于方,魏绮英,等.陆内碰撞体制流体作用及成矿作用研究的意义和现状.地球科学进展,1995,10(4) :318～322。
14 钱维宏.地球内部流体运动与全球构造.地学前缘,1996,3(3) :152～159．
15 张泽明.俯冲带的流体作用.地学前缘,1996,3(3) :104．
16 王宗起,汤跃庆.大地构造学研究的新兴前沿课题.地学前缘.1996,3(3) :131～137．
17 钟增球.剪切带的流体-岩石相互作用,地学前缘,1996,3(4) :209～215．
18 翟裕生.关于构造-流体-成矿作用研究的几个问题.地学前缘,1996,3(4) :230～236．
19 栗启初,Zeller E,Angino E.沿断层逸出的氢气对地震的诱发作用。地震学报,1992,14(2) :229～235．
20 Evans D M.The Denver area earthquakes and the Rocky Mountain Arsenal disposal well,1966． Mountain Geol,1966(3) :23～26．
21 Scholz C H,Sykes L R,Aggarwal Y P.Earthquake prediction:a physical basis.Science,1973,181:803～810．
22 Healy J H.Recent highlights and future in research on earthquake prediction and control.Rev Geophy Space Phys,1975,13:361～364．
23 郭增建,秦保燕.震源物理第四章.北京:地震出版社,1979:159～168．
24 张永仙,石耀霖,张国民.孕震过程中孔隙压及地下水位变化的数值模拟.地震,1994(1) :65～72．
25 Parry W T,Bruhn R L.Fluid pressure transients on seismogenic normal faults.Tectonophysics,1990,1790:335～344．
26 钟以章,肖秀清.辽东半岛温泉与地震空间分布关系讨论.地震地质,1990,12(4) :343～350．
27 林元武.温泉热储温度对断裂的弱化作用及其对地震活动性的影响.地震学报,1994,16(2) :251～257．
28 张虎男.火山活动、地震活动、水热活动关系(见:火山作用与人类环境).北京:地震出版社,1995:101～107．
29 刘国栋,史书林,王宝钧.华北壳内高导层及其与地壳构造活动性的关系.中国科学(B 辑),1984(9) :839～848．
30 Hyndman R D,Vanyan L L,Marquis Get al.The origin of electrically conductive lower crust:saline water or graphite?Phys Earth Planet Inter,1993,81:325～344．
31 徐常芳.中国大陆地壳上地幔电性结构及地震分布规律(一).地震学报,1996,18(2) :254～261．
32 Cox S F.Faulting processes at high fluid pressure:an example of fault valve behavior from the water gully fault,Victoria,Australia.J G R B,1995,100(7) :12841～12859．
33 Boullier A M,Robert F.Palaeoseismic events recoi'ded in Archaean gold-quartz vein network,Vald'or,Abitibi Quebec,Canada,J S G,1992,14(2) :161～179．
34 Robert F,Boullier A M,Firdaous K.Gold-quartz viens in metamorphic terranes and their bearing on the role of fluids in faulting.J G R B,1995,100(7) :12861～12879．
2 National Research Council.The role of fluids in crustal processes.Washington:National Academy Press.1990:3～23,114．
3 徐有生,侯渭,郑海正,等.超临界水的特性及其对地壳深部物质研究的意义.地球科学进展,1995,10(5) :45～449．
4 卢焕章,李秉伦,沈昆,等.包裹体地球化学,北京:地质出版社,1990:6～19．
5 何知礼,杜加锋.流体包裹体研究的某些进展与发展趋势.地学前缘,1996,3(4) :306～312．
6 杜乐天,贾跃明,肖庆辉,等.天然气开发新方向.中国地质矿产信息研究院.1993:1～12．
7 Fyfe W.S,Price N J ,Thompson A B.Fluids in the earth's crust.Amsterdam:Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company.1978:35～41．
8 E A 主编(张秋生主译).科拉超深井.北京:地质出版社,1988:189～199．
9 李伟源.欧州共同体国家地壳流体研究的某些进展与发展趋势.地学前缘,1996,3(4) :313～323．
10 车用太,鱼金子.地震地下流体物理化学动态形成的基础理论问题.国际地震动态,1995(12) :7～12．
11 Hubbert M K,Rubey W W.Role of fluid pressure in mechanics of overthrust faulting.Geol Soc Am Bull,1959,70(115,167) .
12 Main Z U,Tozer D C.No water,no plate tectonics:convective heat transfer and the planetary surface of venus and earth.Terra Nova,1990(2) :455～459．
13 陈衍景,于方,魏绮英,等.陆内碰撞体制流体作用及成矿作用研究的意义和现状.地球科学进展,1995,10(4) :318～322。
14 钱维宏.地球内部流体运动与全球构造.地学前缘,1996,3(3) :152～159．
15 张泽明.俯冲带的流体作用.地学前缘,1996,3(3) :104．
16 王宗起,汤跃庆.大地构造学研究的新兴前沿课题.地学前缘.1996,3(3) :131～137．
17 钟增球.剪切带的流体-岩石相互作用,地学前缘,1996,3(4) :209～215．
18 翟裕生.关于构造-流体-成矿作用研究的几个问题.地学前缘,1996,3(4) :230～236．
19 栗启初,Zeller E,Angino E.沿断层逸出的氢气对地震的诱发作用。地震学报,1992,14(2) :229～235．
20 Evans D M.The Denver area earthquakes and the Rocky Mountain Arsenal disposal well,1966． Mountain Geol,1966(3) :23～26．
21 Scholz C H,Sykes L R,Aggarwal Y P.Earthquake prediction:a physical basis.Science,1973,181:803～810．
22 Healy J H.Recent highlights and future in research on earthquake prediction and control.Rev Geophy Space Phys,1975,13:361～364．
23 郭增建,秦保燕.震源物理第四章.北京:地震出版社,1979:159～168．
24 张永仙,石耀霖,张国民.孕震过程中孔隙压及地下水位变化的数值模拟.地震,1994(1) :65～72．
25 Parry W T,Bruhn R L.Fluid pressure transients on seismogenic normal faults.Tectonophysics,1990,1790:335～344．
26 钟以章,肖秀清.辽东半岛温泉与地震空间分布关系讨论.地震地质,1990,12(4) :343～350．
27 林元武.温泉热储温度对断裂的弱化作用及其对地震活动性的影响.地震学报,1994,16(2) :251～257．
28 张虎男.火山活动、地震活动、水热活动关系(见:火山作用与人类环境).北京:地震出版社,1995:101～107．
29 刘国栋,史书林,王宝钧.华北壳内高导层及其与地壳构造活动性的关系.中国科学(B 辑),1984(9) :839～848．
30 Hyndman R D,Vanyan L L,Marquis Get al.The origin of electrically conductive lower crust:saline water or graphite?Phys Earth Planet Inter,1993,81:325～344．
31 徐常芳.中国大陆地壳上地幔电性结构及地震分布规律(一).地震学报,1996,18(2) :254～261．
32 Cox S F.Faulting processes at high fluid pressure:an example of fault valve behavior from the water gully fault,Victoria,Australia.J G R B,1995,100(7) :12841～12859．
33 Boullier A M,Robert F.Palaeoseismic events recoi'ded in Archaean gold-quartz vein network,Vald'or,Abitibi Quebec,Canada,J S G,1992,14(2) :161～179．
34 Robert F,Boullier A M,Firdaous K.Gold-quartz viens in metamorphic terranes and their bearing on the role of fluids in faulting.J G R B,1995,100(7) :12861～12879．
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