薄覆盖层地区隐伏断层及其上断点探测的地震方法技术——以废黄河断层为例
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摘要
通过在同一条测线上应用三种不同地震勘探手段(共偏移距地震反射法、横波反射法与高分辨率折射法)联合反演的方法,获得了测线控制地段内废黄河断层的确切位置、上断点埋深以及速度分布图像.探测结果表明:在薄覆盖层地区的断裂调查中,上述三种技术手段的联合反演要比单独使用其中任何一种手段更加可靠,并能从不同角度查明断层的位置、性质及其特征,为钻孔联合剖面位置的布设和钻孔深度的设计提供地震学依据.经高精度钻孔联合地质剖面证实,三种地震勘探方法反演得到的主要地层界面和构造特征都与钻孔联合地质剖面吻合较好.试验表明了上述三种地震勘探方法在基岩面埋深较浅地区联合反演的可行性以及地震勘探与钻孔联合地质剖面相结合的工作方法的有效性.
We have obtained the exact location and depth of up-breakpoint and velocity distribution image of the Feihuanghe fault in the line control by joint inversion of seismic exploration methods(common offset seismic reflection,shear wave reflection and high-resolution refraction)on the same line.The results indicate that in fault investigations for thin Quaternary sediments,the joint inversion of the above three technical methods is not only more reliable than using any one of them alone to identify the location,nature and characteristics of faults by different means,but also provides seismological evidence for the position layout of composite drilling sections and the depth designing of drilling.According to the confirmation of high-precision composite drilling geological sections,the main stratigraphic interfaces and tectonic features obtained from the three kinds of seismic exploration methods are quite consistent with the results from the composite drilling geological section.The experimental results show the feasibility of the joint inversion of the above three kinds of seismic exploration methods in thin Quaternary sediments and the efficiency of the combination of seismic exploration and composite drilling geological profiles.
We have obtained the exact location and depth of up-breakpoint and velocity distribution image of the Feihuanghe fault in the line control by joint inversion of seismic exploration methods(common offset seismic reflection,shear wave reflection and high-resolution refraction)on the same line.The results indicate that in fault investigations for thin Quaternary sediments,the joint inversion of the above three technical methods is not only more reliable than using any one of them alone to identify the location,nature and characteristics of faults by different means,but also provides seismological evidence for the position layout of composite drilling sections and the depth designing of drilling.According to the confirmation of high-precision composite drilling geological sections,the main stratigraphic interfaces and tectonic features obtained from the three kinds of seismic exploration methods are quite consistent with the results from the composite drilling geological section.The experimental results show the feasibility of the joint inversion of the above three kinds of seismic exploration methods in thin Quaternary sediments and the efficiency of the combination of seismic exploration and composite drilling geological profiles.
引文
1)江苏省地震工程研究院.《徐州市新城区、开发区活断层探测与地震危险性评价》项目隐伏断层的控制性人工地震探测子专题成果报告.南京:2011
2)江苏省地震工程研究院.《徐州市新城区、开发区活断层探测与地震危险性评价》项目目标断层的晚第四纪活动性鉴定工作报告.南京:2012
[1]邓起东,徐锡伟,张先康等.城市活动断裂探测的方法和技术.地学前缘,2003,10(1):93-101.Deng Q D,Xu X W,Zhang X K,et al.Methods and techniques for surveying and prospecting active faults in urban areas.Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),2003,10(1):93-101.
[2]赵富有,王世煜,王典.横波地震勘查技术在长春市活断层探测中的应用.地球物理学进展,2008,23(1):284-288.Zhao F Y,Wang S Y,Wang D.Application of seismic shear wave prospecting in detection of active faults in Changchun city.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(1):284-288.
[3]Shtivelman V,Frieslander U,Zilberman E,et al.Mapping shallow faults at the Evrona playa site using high-resolution reflection method.Geophysics,1998,63(4):1257-1264.
[4]刘保金,柴炽章,酆少英等.第四纪沉积区断层及其上断点探测的地震方法技术—以银川隐伏活动断层为例.地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1475-1483.Liu B J,Chai C Z,Feng S Y,et al.Seismic exploration method for buried fault and its up-breakpoint in Quaternary sediment area—An example of Yinchuan buried active fault.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(5):1475-1483.
[5]Pratt T L,Shaw J H,Dolan J F,et al.Shallow seismic imaging of folds above the Puente Hills blind-thrust fault,Los Angeles,California.GeophysicalR esearch Letters,2002,29(9):1-4.
[6]Palmer J R,Hoffman D,Stephenson W J,et al.Shallow seismic reflection profiles and geological structure in the Benton Hills,southeast Missouri.Engineering Geology,1997,46(3-4):217-233.
[7]徐朝繁,张先康,刘宝金等.高分辨折射地震资料处理方法及其应用.地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1052-1058.Xu Z F,Zhang X K,Liu B J,et al.Processing method for high resolution refraction seismic data and its application.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(4):1052-1058.
[8]姚大全,刘加灿,叶峰等.地震韵律的研究方法初探——以合肥市断层活动习性综合探讨为例.地球物理学进展,2004,19(3):663-671.Yao D Q,Liu J C,Ye F,et al.Preliminary research method of seismic rhythms—Taking synthesized research of active behavior for Hefei′s active faults as an example.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2004,19(3):663-671.
[9]徐明才,高景华,荣立新等.地面地震层析成像和高分辨率地震联合勘探技术.地质与勘探,2005,41(4):83-87.Xu M C,Gao J H,Rong L X,et al.Combining exploration technique of the ground seismic tomography and the high-resolution seismic method.Geology and Prospecting(in Chinese),2005,41(4):83-87.
[10]吴子泉,刘元生,刘保金等.地球物理方法在城市地震活动断层精确定位中的应用.地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):528-533.Wu Z Q,Liu Y S,Liu B J,et al.Application of geophysical method to the precise positioning of urban seismic mobile moving fault.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(2):528-533.
[11]酆少英,龙长兴,高锐等.高分辨折射和浅层反射地震方法在活断层探测中的联合应用.地震学报,2010,32(6):718-724.Feng S Y,Long C X,Gao R,et al.Joint application of high-resolution refraction and shallow reflection seismic exploration approach to active fault survey.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2010,32(6):718-724.
[12]刘保金,张先康,陈顒等.三河—平谷8.0级地震区地壳结构和活动断裂研究——利用单次覆盖深反射和浅层地震剖面.地球物理学报,2011,54(5):1251-1259.Liu B J,Zhang X K,Chen Y,et al.Research on crustal structure and active fault in the Sanhe-Pinggu Earthquake(M8.0)Zone based on single-fold deep seismic reflection and shallow seismic reflection profiling.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(5):1251-1259.
[13]姚保华,章振铨,王家林等.上海地区地壳精细结构的综合地球物理探测研究.地球物理学报,2007,50(2):482-491.Yao B H,Zhang Z Q,Wang J L,et al.Prospecting and research on fine crustal structure by using multi-geophysics survey methods in Shanghai region.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(2):482-491.
[14]中国地震局.活断层探测方法.北京:地震出版社,2005:1-2.China Seismological Bureau.Method for surveying and prospecting of active fault(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,2005:1-2.
[15]方盛明,张先康,刘保金等.探测大城市活断层的地球物理方法.地震地质,2002,24(4):606-613.Fang S M,Zhang X K,Liu B J,et al.Geophysical methods for the exporation of urban active faults.Seismologyand Geology(in Chinese),2002,24(4):606-613.
[16]中国地震局.中国地震活动断层探测技术系统技术规程.北京:地震出版社,2005:3-38.China Seismological Bureau.Stipulation on Technical System for China Earthquake Active Fault Surveying(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,2005:3-38.
[17]何正勤,潘华,胡刚等.核电厂址隐伏断裂探测中的地震勘探方法研究.地球物理学报,2010,53(2):326-334.He Z Q,Pan H,Hu G,et al.Study on the seismic exploration method to detect buried fault in the site of Nuclear Power Plant.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(2):326-334.
[18]杨卓欣,袁道阳,段永红等.高分辨率折射勘探技术在浅层反射勘探失效地区的应用——兰州市活断层浅层地震探测实例.地震地质,2009,31(1):57-68.Yang Z X,Yuan D Y,Duan Y H,et al.Application of high-resolution seismic refraction technology in inapplicable area of shallow reflection survey:examples of shallow seismic exploration for active fault in Lanzhou city.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),2009,31(1):57-68.
[19]王庆海,徐明才.抗干扰高分辨率浅层地震勘探.北京:地质出版社,1991:168-169.Wang Q H,Xu M C.Anti-Disturbance High Resolution Shallow Seismic Exploration(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1991:168-169.
[20]王振东.浅层地震勘探应用技术.北京:地质出版社,1988:135-165.Wang Z D.Applied Technology of Shallows Seismic Prospecting(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1988:135-165.
[21]刘保金,姬继法,徐朝繁等.共偏移距地震反射波方法用于城市活断层探测.地震地质,2006,28(3):411-418.Liu B J,Ji J F,Xu Z F,et al.Application of common offset seismic reflection method to urban active fault survey.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),2006,28(3):411-418.
[22]渥.伊尔马滋.黄续德,袁明德译.地震数据处理.北京:石油工业出版社,1994.Yilmaz O.Translated by Huang X D,Yuan M D.Seismic Data Processing(in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1994.
[23]顾勤平,朱介寿,康清清等.欧亚大陆及西太平洋边缘海地区瑞雷波群速度结构与各向异性分布.地震学报,32(1):12-22.Gu Q P,Zhu J S,Kang Q Q,et al.Rayleigh wave group velocity and its azimuthal anisotropy in the Eurasia and western Pacific marginal sea region.ActaS eismologica Sinica(in Chinese),32(1):12-22.
[24]李大虎,何强,邵昌盛等.综合地球物理勘探在青川县城区活动断层探测中的应用.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2010,37(6):666-672.Li D H,He Q,Shao C S,et al.Application of comprehensive geophysical exploration to the detection of active fault in Qingchuan County districts,Sichuan,China.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition)(in Chinese),2010,37(6):666-672.
[25]邓起东.城市活动断裂探测和地震危险性评价问题.地震地质,2002,24(4):601-605.Deng Q D.Exploration and seismic hazard assessment of active faults in urban areas.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),2002,24(4):601-605.
2)江苏省地震工程研究院.《徐州市新城区、开发区活断层探测与地震危险性评价》项目目标断层的晚第四纪活动性鉴定工作报告.南京:2012
[1]邓起东,徐锡伟,张先康等.城市活动断裂探测的方法和技术.地学前缘,2003,10(1):93-101.Deng Q D,Xu X W,Zhang X K,et al.Methods and techniques for surveying and prospecting active faults in urban areas.Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),2003,10(1):93-101.
[2]赵富有,王世煜,王典.横波地震勘查技术在长春市活断层探测中的应用.地球物理学进展,2008,23(1):284-288.Zhao F Y,Wang S Y,Wang D.Application of seismic shear wave prospecting in detection of active faults in Changchun city.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(1):284-288.
[3]Shtivelman V,Frieslander U,Zilberman E,et al.Mapping shallow faults at the Evrona playa site using high-resolution reflection method.Geophysics,1998,63(4):1257-1264.
[4]刘保金,柴炽章,酆少英等.第四纪沉积区断层及其上断点探测的地震方法技术—以银川隐伏活动断层为例.地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1475-1483.Liu B J,Chai C Z,Feng S Y,et al.Seismic exploration method for buried fault and its up-breakpoint in Quaternary sediment area—An example of Yinchuan buried active fault.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(5):1475-1483.
[5]Pratt T L,Shaw J H,Dolan J F,et al.Shallow seismic imaging of folds above the Puente Hills blind-thrust fault,Los Angeles,California.GeophysicalR esearch Letters,2002,29(9):1-4.
[6]Palmer J R,Hoffman D,Stephenson W J,et al.Shallow seismic reflection profiles and geological structure in the Benton Hills,southeast Missouri.Engineering Geology,1997,46(3-4):217-233.
[7]徐朝繁,张先康,刘宝金等.高分辨折射地震资料处理方法及其应用.地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1052-1058.Xu Z F,Zhang X K,Liu B J,et al.Processing method for high resolution refraction seismic data and its application.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(4):1052-1058.
[8]姚大全,刘加灿,叶峰等.地震韵律的研究方法初探——以合肥市断层活动习性综合探讨为例.地球物理学进展,2004,19(3):663-671.Yao D Q,Liu J C,Ye F,et al.Preliminary research method of seismic rhythms—Taking synthesized research of active behavior for Hefei′s active faults as an example.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2004,19(3):663-671.
[9]徐明才,高景华,荣立新等.地面地震层析成像和高分辨率地震联合勘探技术.地质与勘探,2005,41(4):83-87.Xu M C,Gao J H,Rong L X,et al.Combining exploration technique of the ground seismic tomography and the high-resolution seismic method.Geology and Prospecting(in Chinese),2005,41(4):83-87.
[10]吴子泉,刘元生,刘保金等.地球物理方法在城市地震活动断层精确定位中的应用.地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):528-533.Wu Z Q,Liu Y S,Liu B J,et al.Application of geophysical method to the precise positioning of urban seismic mobile moving fault.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(2):528-533.
[11]酆少英,龙长兴,高锐等.高分辨折射和浅层反射地震方法在活断层探测中的联合应用.地震学报,2010,32(6):718-724.Feng S Y,Long C X,Gao R,et al.Joint application of high-resolution refraction and shallow reflection seismic exploration approach to active fault survey.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2010,32(6):718-724.
[12]刘保金,张先康,陈顒等.三河—平谷8.0级地震区地壳结构和活动断裂研究——利用单次覆盖深反射和浅层地震剖面.地球物理学报,2011,54(5):1251-1259.Liu B J,Zhang X K,Chen Y,et al.Research on crustal structure and active fault in the Sanhe-Pinggu Earthquake(M8.0)Zone based on single-fold deep seismic reflection and shallow seismic reflection profiling.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(5):1251-1259.
[13]姚保华,章振铨,王家林等.上海地区地壳精细结构的综合地球物理探测研究.地球物理学报,2007,50(2):482-491.Yao B H,Zhang Z Q,Wang J L,et al.Prospecting and research on fine crustal structure by using multi-geophysics survey methods in Shanghai region.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(2):482-491.
[14]中国地震局.活断层探测方法.北京:地震出版社,2005:1-2.China Seismological Bureau.Method for surveying and prospecting of active fault(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,2005:1-2.
[15]方盛明,张先康,刘保金等.探测大城市活断层的地球物理方法.地震地质,2002,24(4):606-613.Fang S M,Zhang X K,Liu B J,et al.Geophysical methods for the exporation of urban active faults.Seismologyand Geology(in Chinese),2002,24(4):606-613.
[16]中国地震局.中国地震活动断层探测技术系统技术规程.北京:地震出版社,2005:3-38.China Seismological Bureau.Stipulation on Technical System for China Earthquake Active Fault Surveying(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,2005:3-38.
[17]何正勤,潘华,胡刚等.核电厂址隐伏断裂探测中的地震勘探方法研究.地球物理学报,2010,53(2):326-334.He Z Q,Pan H,Hu G,et al.Study on the seismic exploration method to detect buried fault in the site of Nuclear Power Plant.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(2):326-334.
[18]杨卓欣,袁道阳,段永红等.高分辨率折射勘探技术在浅层反射勘探失效地区的应用——兰州市活断层浅层地震探测实例.地震地质,2009,31(1):57-68.Yang Z X,Yuan D Y,Duan Y H,et al.Application of high-resolution seismic refraction technology in inapplicable area of shallow reflection survey:examples of shallow seismic exploration for active fault in Lanzhou city.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),2009,31(1):57-68.
[19]王庆海,徐明才.抗干扰高分辨率浅层地震勘探.北京:地质出版社,1991:168-169.Wang Q H,Xu M C.Anti-Disturbance High Resolution Shallow Seismic Exploration(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1991:168-169.
[20]王振东.浅层地震勘探应用技术.北京:地质出版社,1988:135-165.Wang Z D.Applied Technology of Shallows Seismic Prospecting(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1988:135-165.
[21]刘保金,姬继法,徐朝繁等.共偏移距地震反射波方法用于城市活断层探测.地震地质,2006,28(3):411-418.Liu B J,Ji J F,Xu Z F,et al.Application of common offset seismic reflection method to urban active fault survey.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),2006,28(3):411-418.
[22]渥.伊尔马滋.黄续德,袁明德译.地震数据处理.北京:石油工业出版社,1994.Yilmaz O.Translated by Huang X D,Yuan M D.Seismic Data Processing(in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1994.
[23]顾勤平,朱介寿,康清清等.欧亚大陆及西太平洋边缘海地区瑞雷波群速度结构与各向异性分布.地震学报,32(1):12-22.Gu Q P,Zhu J S,Kang Q Q,et al.Rayleigh wave group velocity and its azimuthal anisotropy in the Eurasia and western Pacific marginal sea region.ActaS eismologica Sinica(in Chinese),32(1):12-22.
[24]李大虎,何强,邵昌盛等.综合地球物理勘探在青川县城区活动断层探测中的应用.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2010,37(6):666-672.Li D H,He Q,Shao C S,et al.Application of comprehensive geophysical exploration to the detection of active fault in Qingchuan County districts,Sichuan,China.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition)(in Chinese),2010,37(6):666-672.
[25]邓起东.城市活动断裂探测和地震危险性评价问题.地震地质,2002,24(4):601-605.Deng Q D.Exploration and seismic hazard assessment of active faults in urban areas.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),2002,24(4):601-605.
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