基于三维地震数据的构造演化与储层沉积演化解释研究
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摘要
平衡剖面解释技术是利用地质构造的复原过程来研究复杂构造区的构造演化特征和过程,并对解释结果进行验证的一种重要的方法技术;层序地层学研究则是通过层序的划分与对比以及体系域的构建来认识盆地的沉积演化和沉积相的一种重要解释技术。两种方法一个是研究剧烈构造变形区地质构造解释问题.另一个则是研究盆地沉积特征、沉积相问题。然而对于空间仅具有一定观测尺度,垂向仅有一定分辨率的三维地震数据而言,如何发挥两种技术的优势,解决实际的地质问题呢?通过实际解释研究,提出了基于相对平衡剖面的构造演化和储层沉积演化解释方法。该方法基于三维地震数据,并结合了平衡剖面和层序地层学的理论和技术特点,不仅可以快速且比较有效地解决较小区域(地震三维区内)构造解释中的问题,快速有效地验证参考标准层解释的合理性,同时可以获得古地貌信息。在此基础上,再结合井信息和三维地震数据中的反射特征,最终获得三维空间的储层沉积演化解释结果。
The balanced section interpretation technology is an important method to study the characteristics and course of structural evolu- tion in complex structures and to validate the interpretation re sults.Sequence stratigraphy is an important interpretation technol- ogy to comprehend the deposit evolution and sedimentary facies of the basin by sequence classification,sequence comparison and con stitution of system tract.The former method studies the problem of geological interpretation in acute structural deformation areas; the latter one studies the problem of basin sedimentary characteris tics and facies.Whereas.for 3-D seismic data which just has a eer rain observation scale and a certain vertical resolution,how can we take the adwmtages of the two methods to solve real geological problems?Through actual interpretation research,the interpreta- tion method of structure evolution and reservoir deposit evolution based on relative balanced section was proposed.This method is based on 3D seismic data and combines the theoretical and technical characteristics of balanced section with that of sequence stratigra phy.The method can speedily and effectively solve the problem of structural interpretation in a relatively small area(3-D seismic are a) and validate the rationality of the reference standard layer inter pretation.At the same time,the method can also obtain the infor- mation of palaeogeomorphology.On this basis,the final interpre- tation result of reservoir deposit evolution in 3-D space can be ob- tained by combining logging information with reflection characteris- tics in 3-D seismic data.
The balanced section interpretation technology is an important method to study the characteristics and course of structural evolu- tion in complex structures and to validate the interpretation re sults.Sequence stratigraphy is an important interpretation technol- ogy to comprehend the deposit evolution and sedimentary facies of the basin by sequence classification,sequence comparison and con stitution of system tract.The former method studies the problem of geological interpretation in acute structural deformation areas; the latter one studies the problem of basin sedimentary characteris tics and facies.Whereas.for 3-D seismic data which just has a eer rain observation scale and a certain vertical resolution,how can we take the adwmtages of the two methods to solve real geological problems?Through actual interpretation research,the interpreta- tion method of structure evolution and reservoir deposit evolution based on relative balanced section was proposed.This method is based on 3D seismic data and combines the theoretical and technical characteristics of balanced section with that of sequence stratigra phy.The method can speedily and effectively solve the problem of structural interpretation in a relatively small area(3-D seismic are a) and validate the rationality of the reference standard layer inter pretation.At the same time,the method can also obtain the infor- mation of palaeogeomorphology.On this basis,the final interpre- tation result of reservoir deposit evolution in 3-D space can be ob- tained by combining logging information with reflection characteris- tics in 3-D seismic data.
引文
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13纪有亮．陆相断陷湖盆层序地层学[M]．北京：石油工业出版社，1996．1～55
14魏魁生．非海相层序地层学[M]．北京：石油工业出版社，1996．46～94
15凌云，孙德胜，高军，等．基于三维地震数据的准层序组内砂体的解释研究[J]．石油物探，2005，44(6)：568～577
16凌云，黄旭日，高军，等．3．5维地震勘探实例研究[J]．石油物探，2007，46(4)：339～352
17凌云研究组．储层演化地震分析[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2004，39(6)：672～678
18凌云研究组．基本地震属性在沉积环境解释中的应用研究[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2003，38(6)：642～653
19凌云研究组．叠前相对保持振幅、频率、相位和波形的地震数据处理与评价研究[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2004，39(5)：543～552
20凌云研究组．三维地震数据的分析与检测方法研究[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2002，37(5)：433～440
2 Dahlstrom C D A.Balanced cross sections[J].Cana- dian Journal of Earth Sciences,1969,6(7):743～757
3 Elliott D.The construction of balanced cross-section[J]. Journal of Structural Geology,1983,5(2):101～109
4 Woodward N B,Boyer S E,Suppe J.Balanced geo- logical cross-section:an essential technique in geolog- ical research and exploration[M].贾维民，杜秀霞译。北京：地质出版社，1989，12～30
5梁慧社，张建珍，夏义平．平衡剖面技术及其在油气勘探中的应用[M]．北京：地震出版社，2002．7～35
6陈伟，卢华复，施央申．平衡剖面计算机模拟及其应用[M]．北京：科学出版社，1993．25～38
7 Vail P R,Mitchum R M,Thompson S.Global cycles of relative changes of sea level,part 1:overview[A]. In:Payton C E,ed.Seismic stratigraph~applica- tions to hydrocarbon exploration[C].California: AAPG,1977,51～212
8 Vail P R.Seismic stratigraphy interpretation proce- dure[A].In:Bally A W,ed.Atlas of seismic stratig- raphy[C].California:AAPG,1988,1～10
9 Galloway W E.Genetic stratigraphic sequences in ba- sin analysis.,architecture and genesis of flooding-sur- face bounded depositional units[J].AAPG Bulletin, 1989,73(2):125～142
10 Embry A F.Transgressive-regressive(T-R) sequence analysis of the Jurassic succession of the Sverdurp Ba- sin,Canadian Arctic Archipelago[J].Canadian Jour- nal of Earth Sciences,1993,30(2):301～320
11 Cross T A.High-resolution stratigraphic correlation from the perspective of base-lever cycles and sediment atcommodation[A].In:Dolson J,ed.Uncomformity related hydrocarbon exploration and accummulation in clastic and carbonate settings[C].Colorado:Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists,1991.28～41
12顾家裕．陆相盆地层序地层学格架概念及其演化[J]．石油勘探与开发，1995，22(4)：1～7
13纪有亮．陆相断陷湖盆层序地层学[M]．北京：石油工业出版社，1996．1～55
14魏魁生．非海相层序地层学[M]．北京：石油工业出版社，1996．46～94
15凌云，孙德胜，高军，等．基于三维地震数据的准层序组内砂体的解释研究[J]．石油物探，2005，44(6)：568～577
16凌云，黄旭日，高军，等．3．5维地震勘探实例研究[J]．石油物探，2007，46(4)：339～352
17凌云研究组．储层演化地震分析[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2004，39(6)：672～678
18凌云研究组．基本地震属性在沉积环境解释中的应用研究[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2003，38(6)：642～653
19凌云研究组．叠前相对保持振幅、频率、相位和波形的地震数据处理与评价研究[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2004，39(5)：543～552
20凌云研究组．三维地震数据的分析与检测方法研究[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2002，37(5)：433～440
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