地震波品质因子Q研究进展综述
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摘要
研究地震波的衰减可以了解岩石的微构造及变化,以及岩石在地下所遇到的环境条件.衰减主要由岩石的微观性质一诸如岩石内部裂纹的密度、分布、构造以及所含流体的相互作用决定的,所以测量地震波的衰减对于了解岩石的物理状态非常重要.本文主要从岩石物理方面阐述了各种衰减机制、品质因子Q的主要影响因素及测量方法;说明了Q作为各种参量(频率、孔隙度、流体含量等)的函数是很有意义的观测量,对Q的测量在实际探测油气中有着重要意义.
By making scientific researches on seismic wave attenuation,people can clarify the microstructure and subsurface environmental conditions of rock.As attenuation is mainly affected by the rock's microscopic feature internal crack density,distribution,structure and the interaction with its containing liquid,it is important to know the rock physical state by measuring seismic wave attenuation.This paper mainly summarizes attenuation mechanisms,the measurement and main affecting factor of quality factor Q from rock physics.It illustrates that Qis a very useful measurement as a function of many parameters (frequency,porosity,fluid content etc.).So,it is meaningful to measure Q in the actual exploration.
By making scientific researches on seismic wave attenuation,people can clarify the microstructure and subsurface environmental conditions of rock.As attenuation is mainly affected by the rock's microscopic feature internal crack density,distribution,structure and the interaction with its containing liquid,it is important to know the rock physical state by measuring seismic wave attenuation.This paper mainly summarizes attenuation mechanisms,the measurement and main affecting factor of quality factor Q from rock physics.It illustrates that Qis a very useful measurement as a function of many parameters (frequency,porosity,fluid content etc.).So,it is meaningful to measure Q in the actual exploration.
引文
[1] 滕吉文,张中杰,白武明.岩石圈物理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2004． Teng J W, Zhang Z J, Bai W M. Lithosphere physics[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2004．
[2] Bourbie T, Coussy O, Zinzner B. Acoustic of porous media [M]. Houston: Gulf Publishing, 1987．
[3] 陈颞,黄庭芳.岩石物理学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2001． Chen Y, Huang T F. Rock physics[M]. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2001．
[4] 白桦,李鲲鹏.基于时频分析的地层吸收补偿[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(6) :642-648． Bai H, Li K P. Stratigraphic absorption compensation based on time-frequency analysis[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 1999,34(6) :642-648．
[5] 马昭军,刘洋.地震波衰减反演综述[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4) :1074-1082． Ma Z J, Liu Y. A summary of research on seismic attenuation [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2005, 20(4) :1074-1082．
[6] 高静怀,杨森林.利用零偏移VSP资料估计介质品质因子方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4) :1198-1209． Gao J H , Yang S L. On the method of quality factors estimation from zero offset VSP data [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2007,50(4) :1198-1082．
[7] 刘志斌,郝召兵,伍向阳.深水钻探面临的挑战-浅水流灾害问题[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2) :552-558． Liu Z B, Hao Z B, Wu X Y. Shallow water flow hazard: a challenge in deepwater drilling[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2008,23(2) :552-558．
[8] Huffman A R, Castagna J P. The petrophysical basis for shallow water flow prediction using multicompon-nt seismic data[J]. The Leading Edge, September, 2001: 1030-1036．
[9] Prasad M. Acoustic measurements in unconsolidated sands at low effective pressure and overpressure detection [J]. Geophysics, 2002,67: 405-412．
[10] 伍向阳,邹勇,陈祖安,等.砂石和大理岩纵波速度及Q值实验研究[J].地球物理学进展,1993,8(4) :187-191． Wu X Y, Zou Y, Chen Z A, et al. An experimental study of compressive wave velocity and Q value of sandstone and marble[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 1993,8(4) : 187-191．
[11] Reynolds J M. An introduction to applied and environmental geophysics[M]. Chichester: England Wiley, 1997,796．
[12] Ewing W M, Jardetzky W S, Press F. Elastic waves in layered media[M]. New York: McGraw Hill, 1957．
[13] Bourbie T. The effects of attenuation on reflections[D]. Stanford: Stanford Univ. , 1982．
[14] Bourbie T, Nut A. Effects of attenuation on refleetions: experimental test[J]. Geoph. Res.,1984,89:6197-6202．
[15] Viktorov I A. Rayleigh and Lamb waves[M]. New York: Plenum Press,1967．
[16] MavkoG, Nut A. Melt squirt in the asthenosphere[J]. Geophys. Res., 1975,80:1444-1448．
[17] Mavko G, Nur A. Wave attenuation in partially saturated rocks[J]. Geophysics, 1979,44:161-178．
[18] Mavko G T, Mukherji T, Dvorkin J. The rock physics handbook tools for seismic analysis in porous media [M]. New York:Cambridge Univ. Press, 1998．
[19] Johnston D H, Toksoz M N, Timur A. Attenuation of seismic waves in dry and saturated rocks: 2． Mechanisms[J]. Geophysics, 1979,44:691-711．
[20] Walsh J B. Seismic attenuation in rock due to friction[J]. Geophys. Res.,1966,71:2691-2599．
[21] Walsh J B. New analysis of attenuation in partially melted rock[J]. Geophys. Res.. 1969,74:4333-4337．
[22] McCann C. Compressional wave attenuation in concentrated clay suspensions[J]. Acustica,1969,22:352-356．
[23] McCann W F, McCann D M. A theory of compressional wave attenuation in non cohesive sediments[J]. Geophysics, 1985, 50:1311-1317．
[24] White J E. Computed seismic speeds and attenuation in rocks with partial gas saturation[J]. Geophysics, 1975,40: 224-232．
[25] Blot M A. Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid saturated, porous solid. I. Low frequency range[J]. Acoust. Soc. Am., 1956,28:168-178．
[26] Biot M A. Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid saturated porous solid. Ⅱ. High frequency range [J]. Acoust. Soc. Am., 1956b,28:179-191．
[27] Winkler K. The effects of pore fluids and frictional sliding on seismic attenuation [D]. Stanford: Stanford University, 1979．
[28] Winkler K. Frequency dependent ultrasonic properties of high porosity sandstone[J]. Geoph. Res., 1983, 88, 9493-9499．
[29] Winkler K, Nut A. Pore fluids and seismic attenuation in rocks[J]. Geoph. Res. ,1979,6:1-4．
[30] WinklerK, NurA. Seismic attenuation: effects of pore fluids and frictional sliding[J]. Geophys. , 1982,47: 1-15．
[31] Birch F, Bancroft D. Elasticity and internal friction in a long column of granite[J]. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. ,1938,38:243-254．
[32] Nur A, Winkler K. The role of friction and fluid flow in wave attenuation in rocks (Ahst)[J]. Geophys, 1980,45: 591-592．
[33] Peselnickand L, Outerbridge W F. Internal friction in shear and shear modulus of Solenhofen limestone over a frequency range of 10 cycles per second[J]. Geoph. Res.,1961,66: 581-588．
[34] Gordon P, B, Davis L A. Velocity and attenuation of seismic waves in imperfectly elastic rock[J]. Geoph. Res. , 19(18,73: 3917-3935．
[35] Jack Dvorkin. Link between attenuation and velocity dispersion[J]. SEG, 2005．
[36] Rosemary K, Anthony E. The effect of rock/water interaction in modeling the dielectric response of sandstones [A]. In: Society of Professional Well Log Analysts Logging Symposium, 30th, Transactions[C], Denver, Colo. ,1989, 1-20．
[37] Murphy W F. Effects of microstructure and pore fluids on the acoustic properties of granular sedimentary materials[D]. Stanford: Stanford University, 1982．
[38] Gardner G H F, Wyllie M R J, Droshak D M. Effect of pressure and fluid salutation on the attenuation of elastic waves in sands[J]. Pet. Tech. , 1964,189-198．
[39] O'hara S G. Influence of pressure, temperature, and pore fluid on the frequency-dependent attenuation of elastic waves in Bera sandstone[J]. Physical review A, 1985,32: 473-488．
[40] Winkler K, Plona T. Technique for measuring ultrasonic velocity and attenuation spectra in rocks under pressure[J]. Geoph. Res. ,1982,87:10776-10780．
[41] Spencer J W. Stress relaxation at low frequencies in fluid saturated rocks: attenuation and modulus dispersion[J]. Geoph. Res., 1981, 86, 1803-1812．
[2] Bourbie T, Coussy O, Zinzner B. Acoustic of porous media [M]. Houston: Gulf Publishing, 1987．
[3] 陈颞,黄庭芳.岩石物理学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2001． Chen Y, Huang T F. Rock physics[M]. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2001．
[4] 白桦,李鲲鹏.基于时频分析的地层吸收补偿[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(6) :642-648． Bai H, Li K P. Stratigraphic absorption compensation based on time-frequency analysis[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 1999,34(6) :642-648．
[5] 马昭军,刘洋.地震波衰减反演综述[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4) :1074-1082． Ma Z J, Liu Y. A summary of research on seismic attenuation [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2005, 20(4) :1074-1082．
[6] 高静怀,杨森林.利用零偏移VSP资料估计介质品质因子方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4) :1198-1209． Gao J H , Yang S L. On the method of quality factors estimation from zero offset VSP data [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2007,50(4) :1198-1082．
[7] 刘志斌,郝召兵,伍向阳.深水钻探面临的挑战-浅水流灾害问题[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2) :552-558． Liu Z B, Hao Z B, Wu X Y. Shallow water flow hazard: a challenge in deepwater drilling[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2008,23(2) :552-558．
[8] Huffman A R, Castagna J P. The petrophysical basis for shallow water flow prediction using multicompon-nt seismic data[J]. The Leading Edge, September, 2001: 1030-1036．
[9] Prasad M. Acoustic measurements in unconsolidated sands at low effective pressure and overpressure detection [J]. Geophysics, 2002,67: 405-412．
[10] 伍向阳,邹勇,陈祖安,等.砂石和大理岩纵波速度及Q值实验研究[J].地球物理学进展,1993,8(4) :187-191． Wu X Y, Zou Y, Chen Z A, et al. An experimental study of compressive wave velocity and Q value of sandstone and marble[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 1993,8(4) : 187-191．
[11] Reynolds J M. An introduction to applied and environmental geophysics[M]. Chichester: England Wiley, 1997,796．
[12] Ewing W M, Jardetzky W S, Press F. Elastic waves in layered media[M]. New York: McGraw Hill, 1957．
[13] Bourbie T. The effects of attenuation on reflections[D]. Stanford: Stanford Univ. , 1982．
[14] Bourbie T, Nut A. Effects of attenuation on refleetions: experimental test[J]. Geoph. Res.,1984,89:6197-6202．
[15] Viktorov I A. Rayleigh and Lamb waves[M]. New York: Plenum Press,1967．
[16] MavkoG, Nut A. Melt squirt in the asthenosphere[J]. Geophys. Res., 1975,80:1444-1448．
[17] Mavko G, Nur A. Wave attenuation in partially saturated rocks[J]. Geophysics, 1979,44:161-178．
[18] Mavko G T, Mukherji T, Dvorkin J. The rock physics handbook tools for seismic analysis in porous media [M]. New York:Cambridge Univ. Press, 1998．
[19] Johnston D H, Toksoz M N, Timur A. Attenuation of seismic waves in dry and saturated rocks: 2． Mechanisms[J]. Geophysics, 1979,44:691-711．
[20] Walsh J B. Seismic attenuation in rock due to friction[J]. Geophys. Res.,1966,71:2691-2599．
[21] Walsh J B. New analysis of attenuation in partially melted rock[J]. Geophys. Res.. 1969,74:4333-4337．
[22] McCann C. Compressional wave attenuation in concentrated clay suspensions[J]. Acustica,1969,22:352-356．
[23] McCann W F, McCann D M. A theory of compressional wave attenuation in non cohesive sediments[J]. Geophysics, 1985, 50:1311-1317．
[24] White J E. Computed seismic speeds and attenuation in rocks with partial gas saturation[J]. Geophysics, 1975,40: 224-232．
[25] Blot M A. Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid saturated, porous solid. I. Low frequency range[J]. Acoust. Soc. Am., 1956,28:168-178．
[26] Biot M A. Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid saturated porous solid. Ⅱ. High frequency range [J]. Acoust. Soc. Am., 1956b,28:179-191．
[27] Winkler K. The effects of pore fluids and frictional sliding on seismic attenuation [D]. Stanford: Stanford University, 1979．
[28] Winkler K. Frequency dependent ultrasonic properties of high porosity sandstone[J]. Geoph. Res., 1983, 88, 9493-9499．
[29] Winkler K, Nut A. Pore fluids and seismic attenuation in rocks[J]. Geoph. Res. ,1979,6:1-4．
[30] WinklerK, NurA. Seismic attenuation: effects of pore fluids and frictional sliding[J]. Geophys. , 1982,47: 1-15．
[31] Birch F, Bancroft D. Elasticity and internal friction in a long column of granite[J]. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. ,1938,38:243-254．
[32] Nur A, Winkler K. The role of friction and fluid flow in wave attenuation in rocks (Ahst)[J]. Geophys, 1980,45: 591-592．
[33] Peselnickand L, Outerbridge W F. Internal friction in shear and shear modulus of Solenhofen limestone over a frequency range of 10 cycles per second[J]. Geoph. Res.,1961,66: 581-588．
[34] Gordon P, B, Davis L A. Velocity and attenuation of seismic waves in imperfectly elastic rock[J]. Geoph. Res. , 19(18,73: 3917-3935．
[35] Jack Dvorkin. Link between attenuation and velocity dispersion[J]. SEG, 2005．
[36] Rosemary K, Anthony E. The effect of rock/water interaction in modeling the dielectric response of sandstones [A]. In: Society of Professional Well Log Analysts Logging Symposium, 30th, Transactions[C], Denver, Colo. ,1989, 1-20．
[37] Murphy W F. Effects of microstructure and pore fluids on the acoustic properties of granular sedimentary materials[D]. Stanford: Stanford University, 1982．
[38] Gardner G H F, Wyllie M R J, Droshak D M. Effect of pressure and fluid salutation on the attenuation of elastic waves in sands[J]. Pet. Tech. , 1964,189-198．
[39] O'hara S G. Influence of pressure, temperature, and pore fluid on the frequency-dependent attenuation of elastic waves in Bera sandstone[J]. Physical review A, 1985,32: 473-488．
[40] Winkler K, Plona T. Technique for measuring ultrasonic velocity and attenuation spectra in rocks under pressure[J]. Geoph. Res. ,1982,87:10776-10780．
[41] Spencer J W. Stress relaxation at low frequencies in fluid saturated rocks: attenuation and modulus dispersion[J]. Geoph. Res., 1981, 86, 1803-1812．
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