汶川地震灾区堰塞湖流域面雨量计算方法研究
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摘要
2008年5月12日汶川大地震发生后,唐家山等堰塞湖水位上升,直接威胁到灾区下游地区人民生命财产安全,堰塞湖面雨量的预报至关重要。应用GIS技术,通过数字高程模型(DEM)、水系资料、堰塞湖位置等信息,应用水流逆向搜索方法,并参照航拍影像和1:5万高程数据进行修正,提取出南坝、唐家山、肖家桥以及老鹰岩等堰塞湖上游小流域和地震灾区所处的嘉陵江、岷江、涪江、沱江以及青衣江上游流域边界,应用泰森多边形法开展了以上流域面雨量预报。初步建立了面对突发性应急事件,流域特征信息不完备状况下的小流域面雨量预报服务技术,为应急决策服务提供了水文气象技术支持。
It is vital to forecast the areal precipitation of the dammed lakes' upper basines and the upper reaches of the rivers in the situation with the water level rising,which threats to the safety of life and property after the occurrence of the Wenehuan Earthquake.In the paper,it is realized the boundary extractions of the upper basins of Nanba,Tangjiashan,Xiaojiaqiao and Laoyingyan dammed lakes and the upper reaches of Jialing River,Minjiang River,Fujiang River,Tuojiang River and Qingyi River by using the DEM model,river map and the locations of dammed lakes based on the GIS system.The areal precipitation is calculated with the forecasting precipitation data of the weather stations in disastrous areas by the Thiessen polygon method.It is established a method of areal precipitation forecasting technology under the condition of incomplete information of basin characteristics available as well as emergency states,and it provides the technical support for decision making service on hydrometeorology.
It is vital to forecast the areal precipitation of the dammed lakes' upper basines and the upper reaches of the rivers in the situation with the water level rising,which threats to the safety of life and property after the occurrence of the Wenehuan Earthquake.In the paper,it is realized the boundary extractions of the upper basins of Nanba,Tangjiashan,Xiaojiaqiao and Laoyingyan dammed lakes and the upper reaches of Jialing River,Minjiang River,Fujiang River,Tuojiang River and Qingyi River by using the DEM model,river map and the locations of dammed lakes based on the GIS system.The areal precipitation is calculated with the forecasting precipitation data of the weather stations in disastrous areas by the Thiessen polygon method.It is established a method of areal precipitation forecasting technology under the condition of incomplete information of basin characteristics available as well as emergency states,and it provides the technical support for decision making service on hydrometeorology.
引文
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[2]周斌,吴娟,顾清源.面雨量预报初探[J].四川气象,2001,21 (3):6-7.
[3]徐晶,林建,毕宝贵,等.七大江河流域面雨量计算方法及应用[J].气象,2001,27(11):13-16,51.
[4]Dorninger M,Schneider S,Steinacker R.On the interpolation of precipitation data over complex terrain[J].Meteorol Atmos Phys,2008,101:175-189.
[5]林开平,孙崇智,郑凤琴,等.丘陵地区面雨量计算方法及应用[J].气象,2003,29(10):8-12.
[6]原立峰,李发源,张海涛.基于栅格DEM的地形特征提取与分析[J].测绘科学,2008,33(6):86-88.
[7]徐晶,姚学祥.流域面雨量估算技术综述[J].气象,2007,33 (7):15-21.
[8]Garbrecht J,Martzl W.The assignment of drainage direction over flat surfaces in raster digital elevation models[J].Journal of Hydrology,1997,193:204-213.
[9]吴焕萍,罗兵,王维国,等.GIS技术在决策气象服务系统建设中的应用[J].应用气象学报,2008,19(3):380-384.
[10]吴涣萍.GIS技术在气象领域中的应用[J].气象,2010,36 (3):90-100.
[11]周春雨,楼茂园,姚立峰.浙江省流域面雨量业务系统[J].浙江气象,2006,26(4):22-25.
[12]李志林,朱庆.数字高程模型[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社, 2000.
[13]刘学军,王永君,龚健雅,等.DEM流域网络提取算法的误差特性分析[J].测绘学报,2007,36(2):224-230.
[14]何(?),傅德平,赵志敏,等.基于GIS的新疆降水空间插值方法分析[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(6):35-37.
[15]刘锋,张继贤,李海涛.SHP文件格式的研究与应用[J].测绘科学,2006,31(6):116-118.
[16]向玉春,陈正洪,徐桂荣,等.三种大气可降水量推算方法结果的比较分析[J].气象,2009,35(11):48-54.
[17]徐晶,李伟华.台风强降雨诱发地质灾害的雨量特征分析[J].气象,2009,35(8):42-48.
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