南黄海西部地区浅层气地震特征
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摘要
通过近年来南黄海西部地区的浅层地震调查,发现该地区浅层气地震特征丰富而多变,特别是多处海底面、海水层中的浅层气地震记录,揭示本区存在较多浅层气,且部分浅层气由海底逸出,释放到海水层中。该区的浅层气地震特征按空间位置分为3大类:(1)地层中的特征:声学空白、声学幕、声学扰动、不规则强反射顶界面、两侧相位下拉;(2)海底面的特征:海底麻坑、大型塌陷坑;(3)海水层中的特征:声学羽流、云状扰动、点划线反射。选择相应特征的典型浅层气地震记录,进行了声学成因解释,讨论了大型塌陷坑的浅层气成因、海水层中声学反射与浅层气体的成因关系以及浅层气地震特征的气体浓度指示作用。根据南黄海西部地区浅层气地震特征,绘制了该区的浅层气分布图。
According to the shallow seismic survey we carried out in the west area of the Yellow Sea in recent years,we find that there are various kinds of shallow gas seismic features in the region,and the seismic records of shallow gas in the seabed and in the water column indicate that the area is rich in shallow gas and some of them is seeping from seabed and releasing into seawater column.According to their space position,the seismic features of shallow gas in this region can be divided into three groups :(1)features in the stratum:acoustic blanket,acoustic curtains,acoustic turbidity,irregular strong top reflection boundary,and phase pull-down in both flanks;(2)features of the seabed:seabed pockmark and giant sunken pit;(3)features in the seawater column:acoustic plumes,cloudy turbidity and point-line-type reflection.Selecting typical seismic record with related features in the area,we explained their acoustic causes and discussed(1)the origin relation between shallow gas and acoustic reflection in seawater column,(2)shallow gas causing the giant sunken pit,and(3)concentration indications of the shallow gas seismic features.Based on the shallow gas seismic features,we mapped the distribution of shallow gas in this region.
According to the shallow seismic survey we carried out in the west area of the Yellow Sea in recent years,we find that there are various kinds of shallow gas seismic features in the region,and the seismic records of shallow gas in the seabed and in the water column indicate that the area is rich in shallow gas and some of them is seeping from seabed and releasing into seawater column.According to their space position,the seismic features of shallow gas in this region can be divided into three groups :(1)features in the stratum:acoustic blanket,acoustic curtains,acoustic turbidity,irregular strong top reflection boundary,and phase pull-down in both flanks;(2)features of the seabed:seabed pockmark and giant sunken pit;(3)features in the seawater column:acoustic plumes,cloudy turbidity and point-line-type reflection.Selecting typical seismic record with related features in the area,we explained their acoustic causes and discussed(1)the origin relation between shallow gas and acoustic reflection in seawater column,(2)shallow gas causing the giant sunken pit,and(3)concentration indications of the shallow gas seismic features.Based on the shallow gas seismic features,we mapped the distribution of shallow gas in this region.
引文
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[27]潘国富.浅层地震声学剖面的声地层学解释[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1991,11(1):87-94.[PAN Guo-fu.Acousticstratigraphic interpretation of shallow seismic acoustic pro-files[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,1991,11(1):87-94.]
[28]尤立克RJ.水声原理[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨船舶工程学院出版社,1990:199-203.[Urik R J.Principl of UnderwaterSound[M].Harbin:The Press of College of Harbin ShippingEngineering,1990:199-203.]
[29]伯迪克WS.水声系统分析[M].北京:海洋出版社,1992:51-78.[Bodic WS.Underwater Acoustic System Analysis[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,1992:51-78.]
[30]赵今吾,赵子丹,秦学仁,等.海岸河口动力学[M].北京:海洋出版社,1993:515-522.[ZHAO Jin-wu,ZHAO Zi-dan,QI NXue-ren,et al.Coast and Estuary Dynamics[M].Beijing:Chi-na Ocean Press,1993:515-522.]
[2]石文斌,李德培,王新成,等.南黄海浅层地震调查及其地质意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1986,6(1):87-104.[SHI Wen-bin,LI De-pei,WANG Xin-cheng,et al.The survey and geolog-ical meaning of shallow stratumin the south Yellow Sea[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,1986,6(1):87-104.]
[3]李凡,张秀荣,唐宝珏.黄海埋藏古河道及灾害地质图集[M].济南:济南出版社,1998:17.[LI Fan,ZHANG Xiu-rong,TANG Bao-ju.Record Anthogy of Buried Palaeo-Channel andDisasterous Geologyinthe YellowSea[M].Jinan:Jinan Press,1998:17.]
[4]赵月霞,刘保华,李西双,等.南黄海中西部晚更新世沉积地层结构及其意义[J].海洋科学进展,2003,21(1):21-30.[ZHAOYue-xia,LI U Bao-hua,LI Xi-shuang,et al.Late-Pleistocenesedi mentary stratumstructure and meaning in the middle andwestern area of the South YellowSea[J].Process of Ocean Sci-ence,2003,21(1):21-30.]
[5]许东禹,刘锡清,张训华,等.中国近海地质[M].北京:地质出版社,1997:11,44-45,223-239.[XU Dong-yu,LI U Xi-qing,ZHANG Xun-hua,et al.Offshore Geology of China[M].Bei-jing:Geologic Publishing House,1997:11,44-45,223-239.]
[6]杨子赓,林和茂.中国东部第四纪进程与国际对比[M].北京:地质出版社,1993:79-84.[YANG Zi-geng,LI N He-mao.Qua-ternary process of China andinternal anolog[M].Beijing:Geo-logic Publishing House,1997:79-84.]
[7]杨子赓,林和茂.中国第四纪地层与国际对比[M].北京:地质出版社,1996:31-41.[YANG Zi-geng,LI N He-mao.Quaterna-ry stratumof China andinternational anolog[M].Beijing:Geo-logic Publishing House,1996:31-41.]
[8]Sch櫣ler F.Untersuchungen櫣ber die Machtigkeit von Schlick-schichtem mit Hilfe des Echographen[J].Dt.HydrographicheZeitung,1952,5:220-231.
[9]Fader G B J.Gas-related sedi mentary features fromthe east-ern Canadian continental shelf[J].Continental Shelf Research,1991,11:1 123-1 153.
[10]Hovland M,Judd A G.Seabed Pockmarks and Seepages.I m-pact on Geology,Biology and the Marine Environment[M].Grahamand Trot man,London,1988:294.
[11]Fader G B J,Buckley D E.Environmental geology of HalifaxHarbour,Nova Scotia[J].Geoscience Canada,1995,22:152-171.
[12]Wilkens R H,Richardson M D.The influence of gas bubbleson sedi ment acoustic properties:in situ,laboratory and theo-retical results from Eckernf rde Bay,Baltic Sea[J].Conti-nental Shelf Research,1998,18(14/15):1 859-1 892.
[13]Davis A M.Methane in marine sedi ments[J].ContinentalShelf Research,1992,12:175.
[14]Karisddaiah S M,Veerayya M.Potential distribution of sub-surface methane in the sedi ments of the eastern Arabian seaandits possible i mplications[J].Journal of Geophysical Re-search,1996,101(D20,D25):887-895.
[15]Acosta J.Occurrence of acoustic masking in sedi mens in twoareas of the continent of Spain:Ria de Muros(NW)and Gulfof Cadiz(SW)[J].Marine Geology,1984,58:427-434.
[16]Taylor DI.Nearshore shallowgas around the UKcoast[J].Continental Shelf Research,1992,12:1 135-1 144.
[17]Garcia-Gil S,Vilas F,Garcia-Garcia A.Shallowgas featuresinincised-valley fills(R姫a de Vigo,NWSpain):a case study[J].Continental Shelf Research,2002,22:2 303-2 315.
[18]I.smail kuscu,Makoto Okamura,Hiromi Matsuoka,et al.Sea-floor gas seeps and sedi ment failures triggered by the Auguest17,1999 earthquake in the eastern part of the gulf of.Izmit,Sea of Marmara,NW Turkey[J].Marine Geology,2005,215:193-214.
[19]Missiaen T,Murphy S,Loncke L,et al.Very high-resolutionseismic mapping of shallow gas in the Belgian coastal zone[J].Continental Shelf Research,2002,22:2 291-2 301.
[20]Anna C,Antonio S,Gian M.Gas seeps and rock formation inthe northern Adriatic Sea[J].Continental Shelf Research,2002,22:2 333-2 344.
[21]Martin Hovland,Henrik Svensen,Carl Fredrik Forsberg,etal.Complex pockmarks with carbonate-ridges off mid-Nor-way:Products of sedi ment degrassing[J].Marine Geology,2005,218:191-206.
[22]ZHANG Zhi-xun,GUZhao-feng,YANGJin-yu,et al.Distri-bution and Characteristics of Shallow Gas in the North Off-shore Area of the Bohai Bay[C]//Offshore Geology of China.Beijing:China Ocean Press,2003:91-105.
[23]林春明,蒋维三,李从先.杭州湾地区全新世典型生物气藏特征分析[J].石油学报,l8(3):44-50[LI N Chun-ming,JI ANGWei-san,LI Cong-xian.Analysis of the typical biological gasmine of Holocene in the Hangzhou Bay[J].Journal of Oil,18(3):44-50.]
[24]陈少平,孙家振,沈传波.杭州湾入海口处浅层气成因与类型[J].重庆石油高等专科学校学报,2003,2:30-31.[CHENShao-ping,SUN Jia-zhen,SHEN Chuan-bo.The cause andformation,types of shallow gas in the mouth of HangzhouBay[J].2003,2:30-31.]
[25]丁国生.我国浅层气资源及气藏类型[J].天然气工业,1997,3:22-27.[DI NG Guo-sheng.Resources of shallowgas and gasmine types of China[J].Natural Gas Industry,1997,3:22-27.]
[26]叶银灿,陈俊仁,潘国富,等.海底浅层气的成因、赋存特征及其对工程的危害[J].东海海洋,2003,21(1):27-36.[YE Yin-can,CHENJun-ren,PAN Guo-fu,et al.Formation,featuresand the harm to engineering[J].Donghai Marine Science,2003,21(1):27-36.]
[27]潘国富.浅层地震声学剖面的声地层学解释[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1991,11(1):87-94.[PAN Guo-fu.Acousticstratigraphic interpretation of shallow seismic acoustic pro-files[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,1991,11(1):87-94.]
[28]尤立克RJ.水声原理[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨船舶工程学院出版社,1990:199-203.[Urik R J.Principl of UnderwaterSound[M].Harbin:The Press of College of Harbin ShippingEngineering,1990:199-203.]
[29]伯迪克WS.水声系统分析[M].北京:海洋出版社,1992:51-78.[Bodic WS.Underwater Acoustic System Analysis[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,1992:51-78.]
[30]赵今吾,赵子丹,秦学仁,等.海岸河口动力学[M].北京:海洋出版社,1993:515-522.[ZHAO Jin-wu,ZHAO Zi-dan,QI NXue-ren,et al.Coast and Estuary Dynamics[M].Beijing:Chi-na Ocean Press,1993:515-522.]
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