陆相薄互层油藏四维地震监测存在的问题与建议
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摘要
四维地震监测技术已经被成功地应用于海上油田的管理中,但陆上油田成功实例较少。本文在认真分析储层条件、油藏条件、地震条件的基础上,指出了我国陆相薄互层油藏四维地震监测存在的问题,并给出了一些建议。研究认为,岩石物理研究和可行性论证是实施陆相薄互层四维地震监测试验的基础;提高四维地震资料的可重复性是关键;叠前地震属性的研究和应用是四维地震解释的主要发展方向;多波多分量地震技术是一个非常重要的工具;现阶段陆相薄互层油藏四维地震监测试验应首先着眼于稠油热采监测、注气或注CO2监测以及高孔隙未固结或固结较差的砂岩水驱开采监测。
4-D seismic monitoring technique has been successfully applied in management of marine oilfields, but few cases showed the success of the method in land oilfields. On the basis of carefully analyzing the condition of reservoir and seismic condition, the paper pointed out the problems existed in 4-D seismic monitoring of continental thin and interbedded reservoir in China and presented some suggestions. The study considered that the petrophysical study and feasibility demonstration are the bases of implementing the 4-D seismic monitoring test of continental thin interbeddeds; improving repeatability of 4-D seismic data is the key; the study and application of prestack seismic attributes are major developed direction of 4-D seismic interpretation; multi-wave and multi-component seismic techniques are very important tools;current 4-D seismic monitoring tests of continental thin and interbedded reservoir should be first aimed at monitoring of heated heavy oils recovery, gas injection or CO2 injection recovery and water flood recovery for high-porous and unconsol-idated or poor-consolidated sand.
4-D seismic monitoring technique has been successfully applied in management of marine oilfields, but few cases showed the success of the method in land oilfields. On the basis of carefully analyzing the condition of reservoir and seismic condition, the paper pointed out the problems existed in 4-D seismic monitoring of continental thin and interbedded reservoir in China and presented some suggestions. The study considered that the petrophysical study and feasibility demonstration are the bases of implementing the 4-D seismic monitoring test of continental thin interbeddeds; improving repeatability of 4-D seismic data is the key; the study and application of prestack seismic attributes are major developed direction of 4-D seismic interpretation; multi-wave and multi-component seismic techniques are very important tools;current 4-D seismic monitoring tests of continental thin and interbedded reservoir should be first aimed at monitoring of heated heavy oils recovery, gas injection or CO2 injection recovery and water flood recovery for high-porous and unconsol-idated or poor-consolidated sand.
引文
①陈祖传．四维地震在油藏开发与生产中的应用及其发展趋势．西北油气勘探,1999,11(3):40-47
[1]杨勤勇,潘申平．时延地震技术．见张永刚:油气地球 物理技术新进展——第71届、第72届SEG年会论 文摘要．北京:石油工业出版社,2003,165～174
[2]杨勤勇．四维地震勘探技术新进展．勘探地球物理进 展,2003,26(5/6):339～341,348
[3]曹辉．油藏监测中的时延地震技术．勘探地球物理进 展,2003,26(5／6):342～348
[4] 云美厚．油藏注水强化开采地震监测技术的研究与应 用[博士学位论文]．北京:中国地质大学,2001
[5] 王新红等．稠油热采的地震监测试验．石油地球物理 勘探,1992,27(2):294～302
[6]于世焕等．C20块蒸汽驱试验区的地震监测方法．石 油物探．2000,39(1):1～9
[7]凌云等．随时间推移(TL)地震勘探处理方法研究．石 油地球物理勘探．2001,36(2):173～179
[8] 霍进等．四维地震技术在稠油开采中的应用．石油勘 探与开发,2001,28(3):80-82
[9] Lumley D E et al. Assessing the technical risk of a 4D seismic project. The Leading Edge, 1997,16(9) : 1287-1291
[10]杨云岭．地震直接找油质疑．勘探家,1998,3(1):56～ 61
[11] 云美厚等．水驱四维地震监测岩石物理研究综述．石 油物探,2004,43(3):309-312
[12] 云美厚等．重复性噪声对实施四维地震监测的影响． 勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(1):13～18
[13] 孙建国,时延地震的现状及发展方向．石油物探译丛． 1999,2:1-9
[14] 云美厚等．油藏注水开发对储层岩石速度和密度的影 响．石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(3):280～286
[15] 云美厚,管志宁．储层温压变化与油藏地震监测．地球 物理学进展,2003,18(1):156～159
[16] 甘利灯等．水驱四维地震可行性分析及盲区．勘探地 球物理进展,2003(1):24～29
[17] Lumley D et al. A risk analysis spreadsheet for both time-lapse VSP and 4-D seismic reservoir monitoring. Expanded Abstracts of 70th SEG Annual Internat Mtg, 2000,1647-1650
[18] 赵伟．中国海上时移地震技术应用的可行性研究．勘 探地球物理进展,2003,26(1):30～34
[19] 陈小宏．四维地震数据归一化方法及实例处理．石油 学报,1999,22～26
[20] 赵玉．叠前时移时差分析．地球物理学进展,2003,18 (3):557-561
[1]杨勤勇,潘申平．时延地震技术．见张永刚:油气地球 物理技术新进展——第71届、第72届SEG年会论 文摘要．北京:石油工业出版社,2003,165～174
[2]杨勤勇．四维地震勘探技术新进展．勘探地球物理进 展,2003,26(5/6):339～341,348
[3]曹辉．油藏监测中的时延地震技术．勘探地球物理进 展,2003,26(5／6):342～348
[4] 云美厚．油藏注水强化开采地震监测技术的研究与应 用[博士学位论文]．北京:中国地质大学,2001
[5] 王新红等．稠油热采的地震监测试验．石油地球物理 勘探,1992,27(2):294～302
[6]于世焕等．C20块蒸汽驱试验区的地震监测方法．石 油物探．2000,39(1):1～9
[7]凌云等．随时间推移(TL)地震勘探处理方法研究．石 油地球物理勘探．2001,36(2):173～179
[8] 霍进等．四维地震技术在稠油开采中的应用．石油勘 探与开发,2001,28(3):80-82
[9] Lumley D E et al. Assessing the technical risk of a 4D seismic project. The Leading Edge, 1997,16(9) : 1287-1291
[10]杨云岭．地震直接找油质疑．勘探家,1998,3(1):56～ 61
[11] 云美厚等．水驱四维地震监测岩石物理研究综述．石 油物探,2004,43(3):309-312
[12] 云美厚等．重复性噪声对实施四维地震监测的影响． 勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(1):13～18
[13] 孙建国,时延地震的现状及发展方向．石油物探译丛． 1999,2:1-9
[14] 云美厚等．油藏注水开发对储层岩石速度和密度的影 响．石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(3):280～286
[15] 云美厚,管志宁．储层温压变化与油藏地震监测．地球 物理学进展,2003,18(1):156～159
[16] 甘利灯等．水驱四维地震可行性分析及盲区．勘探地 球物理进展,2003(1):24～29
[17] Lumley D et al. A risk analysis spreadsheet for both time-lapse VSP and 4-D seismic reservoir monitoring. Expanded Abstracts of 70th SEG Annual Internat Mtg, 2000,1647-1650
[18] 赵伟．中国海上时移地震技术应用的可行性研究．勘 探地球物理进展,2003,26(1):30～34
[19] 陈小宏．四维地震数据归一化方法及实例处理．石油 学报,1999,22～26
[20] 赵玉．叠前时移时差分析．地球物理学进展,2003,18 (3):557-561
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