地震资料信噪比定量计算及方法比较
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摘要
本文系统地介绍和讨论了信噪比估算的5种方法,即能量叠加法、频谱估算法、功率谱估算法、相关法和特征值法。利用模型试算对比了噪声、时窗、道数、频带、构造形态对5种方法估算结果的影响。结果表明:对于低品质的资料,谱值法(频谱或功率谱)具有较高的计算精度;时窗大小对信噪比计算影响较小,功率谱法受时窗大小影响最小;信噪比也有横向分辨能力及精度问题,对于倾斜或弯曲地层,能量叠加法和特征值法的计算精度会大大降低;资料的频带并不是影响信噪比计算结果的主要因素;特征值法本质上是水平信号的分解和组合,适宜较平的地层。研究表明,当以信噪比作为储层横向预测属性进行奇异性检测(裂缝、断层、潜山构造等)时,应选用相关法。
The paper systematically introduced and discussed five methods of S/N ratio evaluation:superposition of energy,frequency-spectrum evaluation method,power-spectrum evaluation method,correlation method and eigenvalue method. Model tests were used to correlate the influence of noise,time window,trace number,frequency band and structural attitude on the results of 5 methods. The results showed that the spectrum methods (both frequency spectrum and power spectrum) have higher computational precision for the low-quality data; the size of time window has less influences on S/N ratio calculation and influence of size of time window on power spectrum method is minimum; there are also the issues of lateral resolution and precision for the S/N ratio and it greatly reduces the computational precision of superposition of energy and eigenvalue method for the incline and curved formation; the frequency band of data is not main factor affecting the computational results of S/N ratio; the eigenvalue method is decomposition and combination of horizontal signal intrinsically,which is appropriate for flatter formulation. The study pointed out that it should choose correlation method when S/N ratio is selected for singularity detection of lateral prediction attribute of reservoir (fracture,fault,buried-hill structure etc).
The paper systematically introduced and discussed five methods of S/N ratio evaluation:superposition of energy,frequency-spectrum evaluation method,power-spectrum evaluation method,correlation method and eigenvalue method. Model tests were used to correlate the influence of noise,time window,trace number,frequency band and structural attitude on the results of 5 methods. The results showed that the spectrum methods (both frequency spectrum and power spectrum) have higher computational precision for the low-quality data; the size of time window has less influences on S/N ratio calculation and influence of size of time window on power spectrum method is minimum; there are also the issues of lateral resolution and precision for the S/N ratio and it greatly reduces the computational precision of superposition of energy and eigenvalue method for the incline and curved formation; the frequency band of data is not main factor affecting the computational results of S/N ratio; the eigenvalue method is decomposition and combination of horizontal signal intrinsically,which is appropriate for flatter formulation. The study pointed out that it should choose correlation method when S/N ratio is selected for singularity detection of lateral prediction attribute of reservoir (fracture,fault,buried-hill structure etc).
引文
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[7]李振春,张军华.地震数据处理方法.山东东营:石油大学出版社,2004
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[2]张海瑛,袁超伟.一种实用的通信信号信噪比盲估计方法.无线电通信技术,2007,33(2):49～51
[3]王红玲,詹毅,张朝霞.地震资料信噪比估算方法改进.物探化探计算技术,2007,29(3):189～191
[4]梁光河.信噪比的估算及其在提高分辨率处理中的应用.石油物探,1998,37(3):64～71
[5]孙喜平,李凌锋,郭振华.地震原始记录量化评价研究.石油天然气学报,2006,28(3):276～278
[6]陆文凯,李衍达.SVD分解提高地震资料的信噪比和分辨率.石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(增刊):145～149
[7]李振春,张军华.地震数据处理方法.山东东营:石油大学出版社,2004
[8]张广智,印兴耀,吴国忱等.一种提高K-L速度和精度的方法.石油物探,1997,36(增刊):112～115
[9]王永刚,乐友喜,张军华.地震属性分析技术.山东东营:中国石油大学出版社,2007
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