首都圈地区爆破、矿塌和天然地震的识别研究
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摘要
选取首都圈地区2008年8月—2009年9月ML在2.0—2.2范围内的爆破、矿塌和天然地震数据资料,从时间域和频率域进行分析对比,总结出识别爆破、矿塌和天然地震的依据.在时域方面,爆破的初动方向向上,矿塌向下,天然地震的初动方向依赖于台站的分布情况;爆破和矿塌的面波比较发育;天然地震的S波与P波最大振幅比(AS/AP)大于爆破和矿塌,同时,爆破和矿塌的能量衰减比天然地震快.在频域方面,高频成分的能量衰减快于低频;天然地震的拐角频率较高,爆破次之,矿塌的最小;在震中距200km范围内,爆破的顶峰频率主要分布在5—7Hz,矿塌分布在2—4Hz,天然地震的顶峰频率较大,在10—18Hz范围内.另外,天然地震的频率域较宽,其次为爆破、矿塌.
Choosing seismic data of explosions,collapses and earthquakes with ML in the range of 2.0—2.2 during August 2008 to September 2009 in capital region,and analyzing and comparing the data in time and frequency domain,this paper studies how to identify the explosion,mine collapse and earthquake.In time domain,vertical component first motion of explosion seismic records is upward,and that of mine collapses is downward,while that of earthquakes depends on station distribution.The surface wave of explosion and mine collapse develops well.The S to P wave amplitude ratio(AS/AP) of earthquakes are larger than that of explosions and collapses.Moreover,energy attenuation of explosions and collapses is faster than that of earthquakes.In frequency domain the energy attenuation of high frequency wave is faster than that of low frequency one.For the events with similar magnitude,the corner frequencies of amplitude spectrum for earthquakes are the highest,and that for explosions are secondary high,while the corner frequencies for mine collapses are the lowest.When epicenter distance is smaller than 200 km,the peak frequencies of explosion amplitude spectrum are mainly 5—7 Hz,and that of collapses are 2—4 Hz,while the peak frequencies of earthquakes are high in the range of 10—18 Hz.The wave frequency range of earthquakes is the widest,and that of explosions and collapses are next-wide.
Choosing seismic data of explosions,collapses and earthquakes with ML in the range of 2.0—2.2 during August 2008 to September 2009 in capital region,and analyzing and comparing the data in time and frequency domain,this paper studies how to identify the explosion,mine collapse and earthquake.In time domain,vertical component first motion of explosion seismic records is upward,and that of mine collapses is downward,while that of earthquakes depends on station distribution.The surface wave of explosion and mine collapse develops well.The S to P wave amplitude ratio(AS/AP) of earthquakes are larger than that of explosions and collapses.Moreover,energy attenuation of explosions and collapses is faster than that of earthquakes.In frequency domain the energy attenuation of high frequency wave is faster than that of low frequency one.For the events with similar magnitude,the corner frequencies of amplitude spectrum for earthquakes are the highest,and that for explosions are secondary high,while the corner frequencies for mine collapses are the lowest.When epicenter distance is smaller than 200 km,the peak frequencies of explosion amplitude spectrum are mainly 5—7 Hz,and that of collapses are 2—4 Hz,while the peak frequencies of earthquakes are high in the range of 10—18 Hz.The wave frequency range of earthquakes is the widest,and that of explosions and collapses are next-wide.
引文
边银菊.2002.遗传BP网络在地震和爆破识别中的应用[J].地震学报,24(5):516-524.
陈玉东.2005.数字信号处理[M].北京:地质出版社:150-158.
陈运泰,吴忠良,王培德,许力生,李鸿吉,牟其铎.2000.数字地震学[M].北京:地震出版社:145-150.
傅淑芳,刘宝诚,李文艺.1980.地震学教程(下册)[M].北京:地震出版社:127-130.
黄汉明,边银菊,卢世军,蒋正峰,李锐.2010.天然地震与人工爆破的波形小波特征研究[J].地震学报,32(3):270-276.
李夕兵,凌同华,张义平.2009.爆破地震信号分析理论与技术[M].北京:科学出版社:26-27.
卢世军,黄汉明.2010.基于能量比的天然地震与人工爆破自动识别算法研究[J].华南地震,30(1):34-39.
马宝柱,刘贤伦,王元民.1990.苏联塞米巴拉金斯克地区和我国核爆信号的识别[J].内陆地震,4(1):68-73.
时振梁,张少泉,赵荣国,吴开统,陆其鹄,张敏政,卓钰如.1990.地震工作手册[M].北京:地震出版社:27-30.
魏富胜,黎明.2003.震源性质的倒谱分析[J].地震学报,25(1):47-54.
吴忠良,陈运泰,牟其铎.1994.核爆炸地震学概要[M].北京:地震出版社:83-92.
杨成荣,王桂玲,敖雪明.2001.乌鲁木齐附近地区小爆破识别判据的研究[J].内陆地震,15(1):30-38.
张诚.1988.地震分析基础[M].北京:地震出版社:98-107.
张萍,蒋秀琴,苗春兰,邹向荣.2005.爆破、矿震与地震的波谱差异[J].地震地磁观测与研究,26(3):24-34.
张少泉.1978.近震分析[M].北京:地震出版社:21-29.
大崎顺彦(著).1976.吕敏申,谢礼立(译).1980.地震动的谱分析入门[M].北京:地震出版社:87-96.
Chael E P.1998.Spectral discrimination of NTS explosions and earthquakes in the southwestern United States usinghigh-frequency regional data[J].Geophys Res Lett,15(6):625-628.
Douglas R B,Kathleen A Z.1988.Spectral evidence for source multiplicity in explosions:Application to regional discrim-ination of earthquakes and explosions[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,78(5):1733-1795.
Dowla F U,Taylor S R,Anderson R W.1990.Seismic discrimination with artificial neural networks:Preliminary resultswith regional spectral data[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,80(5):1346-1373.
Dysart P S,Pulli J J.1987.Spectral study of regional earthquakes and chemical explosions recorded at the NORES array[R]∥SAIC Technical Report,C87-03.
Kim W Y,Lernerlam A L,Richards P G,Aharonian V.1997.Discrimination of earthquakes and explosions in southernRussia using regional high-frequency three component data from the IRIS/JSP Caucasus network[J].Bull Seism SocAmer,87(3):569-588.
Kim W Y,Simpson D W,Richards P G.1993.Discrimination of earthquakes and explosions in the eastern United Statesusing regional high frequency data[J].Geophys Res Lett,20(14):1507-1510.
Kiszely M.2005.Discrimination of quarry-blasts from earthquakes using spectral analysis and coda waves in Hungary[J].Acta Geodaetica et Geophysica Hungarica,36(4):439-448.
Mark D F.2006.Source spectral modeling of regional P/S discriminants at nuclear test sites in China and the former Sovi-et Union[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,96(6):2348-2367.
Mohammed B,Adil D,Khalid B,Aomar I.2005.Discrimination of seismic signals using artificial neural networks[J].Engineering and Technology,4(2):4-7.
Niksa O,Sven L.2010.Earthquake-explosion discrimination using genetic algorithm-based boosting approach[J].Com-puter&Geosciences,36(2):179-185.
Plafcan D,Seber D,Barazangi M,Ibenbrahim A,Cherkaoui T E,Sandvol E.1997.Regional discrimination of chemicalexplosions and earthquakes:A case study in Morocco[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,87(5):1126-1139.
Pulli J J,Dysart P S.1990.An experiment in the use of trained neural networks for regional seismic event classification[J].Geophys Res Lett,17(7):977-980.
Richard A M,John R M.1971.Seismic characteristics of underground nuclear detonations[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,61(6):1675-1692.
Richards P G,Zavales J.1990.Seismic discrimination of nuclear explosions[J].Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci,18:257-286,doi:10.1146/annurev.ea.18.050190.001353.
Walter W R,Kevin M M,Howard J P.1995.Phase and spectral ratio discrimination between NTS earthquakes and ex-plosions[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,85(4):1050-1067.
Walter W R,Matzel E,Pasyanos M E,Harris D B,Gok R,Ford S R.2007.Empirical observations of earthquake-ex-plosion discrimination using P/S ratios and implications for the sources of explosion S-waves[C]∥29th MonitoringResearch Review:Ground-Based Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Technologies.Livermore:Lawrence Livermore Na-tional Laboratory:684-693.
Yang X H,Shen P,Liu X Q,Zheng Z Z.2004.Application of the wavelet packet method in discrimination between nu-clear explosion and earthquake[J].Earthquake Research in China,18(1):88-96.
Zhao L F,Xie X B,Wang W M,Yao Z X.2008.Regional seismic characteristics of the9October2006North Koreannuclear test[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,98(6):2571-2589.
陈玉东.2005.数字信号处理[M].北京:地质出版社:150-158.
陈运泰,吴忠良,王培德,许力生,李鸿吉,牟其铎.2000.数字地震学[M].北京:地震出版社:145-150.
傅淑芳,刘宝诚,李文艺.1980.地震学教程(下册)[M].北京:地震出版社:127-130.
黄汉明,边银菊,卢世军,蒋正峰,李锐.2010.天然地震与人工爆破的波形小波特征研究[J].地震学报,32(3):270-276.
李夕兵,凌同华,张义平.2009.爆破地震信号分析理论与技术[M].北京:科学出版社:26-27.
卢世军,黄汉明.2010.基于能量比的天然地震与人工爆破自动识别算法研究[J].华南地震,30(1):34-39.
马宝柱,刘贤伦,王元民.1990.苏联塞米巴拉金斯克地区和我国核爆信号的识别[J].内陆地震,4(1):68-73.
时振梁,张少泉,赵荣国,吴开统,陆其鹄,张敏政,卓钰如.1990.地震工作手册[M].北京:地震出版社:27-30.
魏富胜,黎明.2003.震源性质的倒谱分析[J].地震学报,25(1):47-54.
吴忠良,陈运泰,牟其铎.1994.核爆炸地震学概要[M].北京:地震出版社:83-92.
杨成荣,王桂玲,敖雪明.2001.乌鲁木齐附近地区小爆破识别判据的研究[J].内陆地震,15(1):30-38.
张诚.1988.地震分析基础[M].北京:地震出版社:98-107.
张萍,蒋秀琴,苗春兰,邹向荣.2005.爆破、矿震与地震的波谱差异[J].地震地磁观测与研究,26(3):24-34.
张少泉.1978.近震分析[M].北京:地震出版社:21-29.
大崎顺彦(著).1976.吕敏申,谢礼立(译).1980.地震动的谱分析入门[M].北京:地震出版社:87-96.
Chael E P.1998.Spectral discrimination of NTS explosions and earthquakes in the southwestern United States usinghigh-frequency regional data[J].Geophys Res Lett,15(6):625-628.
Douglas R B,Kathleen A Z.1988.Spectral evidence for source multiplicity in explosions:Application to regional discrim-ination of earthquakes and explosions[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,78(5):1733-1795.
Dowla F U,Taylor S R,Anderson R W.1990.Seismic discrimination with artificial neural networks:Preliminary resultswith regional spectral data[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,80(5):1346-1373.
Dysart P S,Pulli J J.1987.Spectral study of regional earthquakes and chemical explosions recorded at the NORES array[R]∥SAIC Technical Report,C87-03.
Kim W Y,Lernerlam A L,Richards P G,Aharonian V.1997.Discrimination of earthquakes and explosions in southernRussia using regional high-frequency three component data from the IRIS/JSP Caucasus network[J].Bull Seism SocAmer,87(3):569-588.
Kim W Y,Simpson D W,Richards P G.1993.Discrimination of earthquakes and explosions in the eastern United Statesusing regional high frequency data[J].Geophys Res Lett,20(14):1507-1510.
Kiszely M.2005.Discrimination of quarry-blasts from earthquakes using spectral analysis and coda waves in Hungary[J].Acta Geodaetica et Geophysica Hungarica,36(4):439-448.
Mark D F.2006.Source spectral modeling of regional P/S discriminants at nuclear test sites in China and the former Sovi-et Union[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,96(6):2348-2367.
Mohammed B,Adil D,Khalid B,Aomar I.2005.Discrimination of seismic signals using artificial neural networks[J].Engineering and Technology,4(2):4-7.
Niksa O,Sven L.2010.Earthquake-explosion discrimination using genetic algorithm-based boosting approach[J].Com-puter&Geosciences,36(2):179-185.
Plafcan D,Seber D,Barazangi M,Ibenbrahim A,Cherkaoui T E,Sandvol E.1997.Regional discrimination of chemicalexplosions and earthquakes:A case study in Morocco[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,87(5):1126-1139.
Pulli J J,Dysart P S.1990.An experiment in the use of trained neural networks for regional seismic event classification[J].Geophys Res Lett,17(7):977-980.
Richard A M,John R M.1971.Seismic characteristics of underground nuclear detonations[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,61(6):1675-1692.
Richards P G,Zavales J.1990.Seismic discrimination of nuclear explosions[J].Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci,18:257-286,doi:10.1146/annurev.ea.18.050190.001353.
Walter W R,Kevin M M,Howard J P.1995.Phase and spectral ratio discrimination between NTS earthquakes and ex-plosions[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,85(4):1050-1067.
Walter W R,Matzel E,Pasyanos M E,Harris D B,Gok R,Ford S R.2007.Empirical observations of earthquake-ex-plosion discrimination using P/S ratios and implications for the sources of explosion S-waves[C]∥29th MonitoringResearch Review:Ground-Based Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Technologies.Livermore:Lawrence Livermore Na-tional Laboratory:684-693.
Yang X H,Shen P,Liu X Q,Zheng Z Z.2004.Application of the wavelet packet method in discrimination between nu-clear explosion and earthquake[J].Earthquake Research in China,18(1):88-96.
Zhao L F,Xie X B,Wang W M,Yao Z X.2008.Regional seismic characteristics of the9October2006North Koreannuclear test[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,98(6):2571-2589.
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