山地大型障碍区三维地震观测系统的设计与应用
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摘要
在三维地震勘探中,在山地大型障碍区布设观测系统,为了避免因地表障碍物使地震反射剖面出现间断,需要动态调整观测系统设计,跨越大型障碍物(水库,矿区等),以确保面元属性均匀,最佳压制噪声,以获得好的反射资料。在参与和研究野外实际过障碍观测系统的基础上,提出一套从物理点优化调整到辅助检测的方法。其基本思路是:利用高精度数字卫星照片和地震测量成果,对设计的规则观测系统进行反复调整,尽量避开障碍物,在计算出调整后的覆盖次数、炮检距,以及方位角分布情况后,设计出适用于障碍区的动态观测系统。这里总结了几条设计原则,并给出了相应的调整方法和辅助检测手段。通过合理动态调整炮点和检波点的位置,成功地解决了穿越大型障碍区时有效接收和安全激发的问题,确保了面元内覆盖次数、炮检距、方位角等属性的均匀,在W探区三维资料采集应用中取得了理想的效果。
In 3D seismic exploration, when designing observation system in the large obstacles mountain area, dynamic adjustment observation system design is needed for crossing over obstacle (the reservoir, mining area etc), in order to avoid seismic reflection profile appeared discontinuous because of surface obstacle and ensur the bins to have uniform attributes and optimally depress the noises and gain good data.The paper presented a set of methods from optimal adjustment of physical points to auxiliary check based on participating in the research of observation system in the large obstacles area. The basic ideas are to use high-precision digital satellite photos and seismic surveying result to do repeat adjustment of dynamic designed regular geometry to avoid the obstacles as far as possible, to compute distributed situation of folds, offset and azimuth and design irregular geometry suitable for obstacle areas. Some designing principles were summarized and adjusted methods and auxiliary tools were given in the paper. The issues of effective receiving and shooting in safety way going through larger obstacles were successfully solved by reasonable configuration and adjustment of shot-points and receiver-points with ensuring uniform attributes such as folds,offsets and azimuths within bins.One example in W blocks of 3-D seismic data acquisition with achieving ideal results was presented.
In 3D seismic exploration, when designing observation system in the large obstacles mountain area, dynamic adjustment observation system design is needed for crossing over obstacle (the reservoir, mining area etc), in order to avoid seismic reflection profile appeared discontinuous because of surface obstacle and ensur the bins to have uniform attributes and optimally depress the noises and gain good data.The paper presented a set of methods from optimal adjustment of physical points to auxiliary check based on participating in the research of observation system in the large obstacles area. The basic ideas are to use high-precision digital satellite photos and seismic surveying result to do repeat adjustment of dynamic designed regular geometry to avoid the obstacles as far as possible, to compute distributed situation of folds, offset and azimuth and design irregular geometry suitable for obstacle areas. Some designing principles were summarized and adjusted methods and auxiliary tools were given in the paper. The issues of effective receiving and shooting in safety way going through larger obstacles were successfully solved by reasonable configuration and adjustment of shot-points and receiver-points with ensuring uniform attributes such as folds,offsets and azimuths within bins.One example in W blocks of 3-D seismic data acquisition with achieving ideal results was presented.
引文
[1]庆珍,张兴民,王书军.三维观测系统中横向覆盖次数及CDP间隔的计算方法[J].物探与化探,2000,(2):56.
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[4]赵殿栋,吕公河,张庆淮,等.高精度三维地震采集技术及应用效果[J].石油物探,2001,40(1):1.
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[6]李振春,滕厚华,孙小东.复杂地表共反射面元叠加技术应用发展前景[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,30(5):330.
[7]ANDREAS CORDSEN,JOHN W PEIRCE1.陆上三维地震勘探的设计与施工[M].俞寿朋.北京:石油工业出版社,1996.
[8]GIJS J O VERMEER.3-D symmetric sampling[J].So-ciety of Exploration Geophysicists October,2003,22(10):934.
[9]DALE G.Stone.Designing Seismic Surveys in Two andThree Dimensions[M].August Society of Exploration,1995.
[10]VERMEER G J O.3-D seismic survey design optimiza-tion[J].The Leading Edge,2003,22(10):934.
[2]钟家均,唐雪梅.地震采集观测系统设计及图形绘制软件的研制和使用[J].物探化探计算技术,2007,29(2):91.
[3]赵明金,尚新民,王元庆,等.三维地震观测系统对AVO处理的影响[J]物探与化探,2003,(1):58.
[4]赵殿栋,吕公河,张庆淮,等.高精度三维地震采集技术及应用效果[J].石油物探,2001,40(1):1.
[5]蒋先艺,贺振华,黄德济.地震数据采集新概念[J].物探化探计算技术,2003,25(2):135.
[6]李振春,滕厚华,孙小东.复杂地表共反射面元叠加技术应用发展前景[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,30(5):330.
[7]ANDREAS CORDSEN,JOHN W PEIRCE1.陆上三维地震勘探的设计与施工[M].俞寿朋.北京:石油工业出版社,1996.
[8]GIJS J O VERMEER.3-D symmetric sampling[J].So-ciety of Exploration Geophysicists October,2003,22(10):934.
[9]DALE G.Stone.Designing Seismic Surveys in Two andThree Dimensions[M].August Society of Exploration,1995.
[10]VERMEER G J O.3-D seismic survey design optimiza-tion[J].The Leading Edge,2003,22(10):934.
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