四川盆地震旦系下古生界天然气成藏过程和特征
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摘要
四川盆地震旦系-下古生界具有三套泥质油系烃源岩,具有很好的生油潜力和生烃强度。受加里东隆升作用的影响,烃源岩有二次生、排烃的特征,三叠纪是主要圈闭形成期和二次生油的主峰期,大量的石油运聚至乐山-龙女寺古隆起范围内形成震旦系-下古生界古油藏。随着古油藏埋深的增加,温度和压力的增高,石油裂解成天然气,古油藏自身形成气源,在原地系统形成古气藏。这一过程持续到喜马拉雅期,之后受喜马拉雅运动的影响,强烈隆升和剥蚀,圈闭重新调整,气藏重新分配,最终形成现今气藏。因此,四川盆地震旦系-下古生界天然气的成藏过程是一个古油藏→古气藏→现今气藏的过程,具有生排差异、多期运聚、早聚晚藏的特征。
There are three sets of oil-type hydrocarbon source rocks from Sinian to Lower Paleozoic in Sichuan basin.These source rocks are good in the oil-generating potential and hydrocarbon-generating intensity and have secondly generating hydrocarbon capacity by the influence of the Caledonian uplifting movement.The Triassic is the period of forming the main traps and the peak of the secondary oil generation,and the huge amount of oil migrated and accumulated in the area of the Leshan-Longnüsi paleo-uplift and formed Sinian to Lower Paleozoic paleo-oil pools.With the increase of buried depth and the rise of temperature and pressure,the oil cracked to gas,and the paleo-oil pools became the source of gas and formed paleo-gas pools.The traps were modified and the gas pools were rearranged by strong uplifts and erosion during Himalayan movement.Finally the present gas pools formed.Hence,the accumulation process of natural gas from Sinian to Lower Paleozoic in Sichuan basin is a transforming process from paleo-oil pools to paleo-gas pools to present gas pools with the characteristics of difference in generation and expulsion,multi-stage migration and accumulation,early accumulation and late pool formation.
There are three sets of oil-type hydrocarbon source rocks from Sinian to Lower Paleozoic in Sichuan basin.These source rocks are good in the oil-generating potential and hydrocarbon-generating intensity and have secondly generating hydrocarbon capacity by the influence of the Caledonian uplifting movement.The Triassic is the period of forming the main traps and the peak of the secondary oil generation,and the huge amount of oil migrated and accumulated in the area of the Leshan-Longnüsi paleo-uplift and formed Sinian to Lower Paleozoic paleo-oil pools.With the increase of buried depth and the rise of temperature and pressure,the oil cracked to gas,and the paleo-oil pools became the source of gas and formed paleo-gas pools.The traps were modified and the gas pools were rearranged by strong uplifts and erosion during Himalayan movement.Finally the present gas pools formed.Hence,the accumulation process of natural gas from Sinian to Lower Paleozoic in Sichuan basin is a transforming process from paleo-oil pools to paleo-gas pools to present gas pools with the characteristics of difference in generation and expulsion,multi-stage migration and accumulation,early accumulation and late pool formation.
引文
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[4]王兰生,李宗银,沈平,等.四川盆地东部大中型气藏成烃条件分析[J].天然气地球科学,2004,15(6):567-571.
[5]汪泽成,赵文智,彭红雨.四川盆地复合含油气系统特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(2):26-28.
[6]王顺玉,戴鸿鸣,王海清,等.四川盆地海相碳酸盐岩大型气田天然气地球化学特征与气源[J].天然气地球科学,2000,11(2):10-17.
[7]戴金星,夏新宇,卫延召,等.四川盆地天然气的碳同位素特征[J].石油实验地质,2001,23(2):115-121.
[8]朱光有,张水昌,梁英波,等.四川盆地天然气特征及气源[J].地学前缘,2006,13(2):234-248.
[9]黄籍中,陈盛吉.四川盆地震旦系气藏形成的烃源地化条件分析:以威远气田为例[J].天然气地球科学,1993(4):16-20.
[10]黄籍中.再论四川盆地天然气地球化学特征[J].地球化学,1990(1):32-42.
[11]姚建军,陈孟晋,华爱刚,等.川中乐山-龙女寺古隆起震旦系天然气成藏条件分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(4):7-9.
[12]徐世琦,张光荣,李国辉,等.加里东古隆起震旦系的烃源条件[J].成都理工学院学报,2000,27(增刊):131-138.
[13]李晓清,汪泽成,张兴为,等.四川盆地古隆起特征及对天然气的控制作用[J].石油与天然气地质,2001,22(4):347-351.
[14]徐世琦,洪海涛,师晓蓉.乐山-龙女寺古隆起与下古生界含油气性的关系探讨[J].天然气勘探与开发,2002,25(3):10-15.
[15]汪泽成,赵文智,张林,等.四川盆地构造层序与天然气勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002:151-152.
[16]张林,魏国齐,吴世祥,等.四川盆地震旦系-下古生界沥青产烃潜力及分布特征[J].石油实验地质,2005,27(3):276-280.
[17]王建宝,肖贤明,郭汝泰.四川盆地早古生代地层中沥青的成因及其生气潜力研究[J].天然气工业,2003,23(5):127-129.
[18]唐俊红,张同伟,鲍征宇,等.四川盆地威远气田碳酸盐岩中有机包裹体研究[J].地质论评,2004,50(2)210-214.
[19]刘树根.龙门山冲断带与川西前陆盆地的形成演化[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1993.
[20]刘树根,李智武,刘顺,等.大巴山前陆盆地-冲断带的形成演化[M].北京:地质出版社,2006:165-220.
[21]MANGO F D.The stability of hydrocarbons underthe ti me-temperature conditions of petroleumgenesis[J].Nature,1991,352(6331):146-148.
[22]BEHAR F,KRESSMANN S,RUDKIEWICZ J L,et al.Experi mental si mulation in confined systemand kinetic modeling of kerogen and oil cracking[J].Organic Geochemistry,1991,19:173-189.
[23]KENNETHJ J,ALAN K B,ROBERT L B,et al.Temperature and pressure dependence of n-hexadecane cracking[J].Organic Geochemistry,1995,23(10):941-953
[24]WAPLES D W.The kinetics of in-reservoir oildestruction and gas formation:constraints fromexperi mental and empirical data,and fromthermo-dynamics[J].Organic Geochemistry,2000,31(6):553-575
[25]PRINZHOFER C A,HUC A Y.Genetic and post-genetic molecular andisotopic fractionations in natu-ral gases[J].Chemical Geology,1995:281-290.
[26]唐俊红,张同伟,鲍征宇,等.四川盆地西南部流体包裹体特征及其在石油地质上的应用[J].地质科技情报,2003,22(4):60-64.
[27]唐俊红,张同伟,鲍征宇,等.四川盆地西南部储层有机包裹体组成和碳同位素特征及其对油气来源的指示[J].地质论评,2005,51(1):100-106.
[28]杨荣生,张铭杰,张同伟,等.川西南碳酸盐岩储层流体包裹体气体地球化学研究[J].沉积学报,2003,21(3):522-527.
[29]孙玮,刘树根,马永生,等.四川盆地威远-资阳地区震旦系油裂解气判定及成藏过程定量模拟[J].地质学报,2007,81(8):1153-1159.
[30]LI U Shu-gen,LUO Zhi-li,DAI Su-lan,et al.TheUplift of the Longmenshan Thrust Belt and Subsid-ence of the West Sichuan Foreland Basin.ACTAGeologica Sinca,1996,9(1):16-26.
[31]刘树根,李国蓉,李巨初,等.川西前陆盆地流体的跨层流动和天然气爆发式成藏[J].地质学报,2005,79(5):690-699.
[32]刘树根,罗志立,赵锡奎,等.试论中国西部陆内俯冲型前陆盆地的基本特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(1):37-48.
[33]罗志立,刘顺,徐世琦,等.四川盆地震旦系含气层中有利勘探区块的选择[J].石油学报,1998,19(4):1-7.
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