1879年武都南8级地震新资料的发现与应用
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摘要
公元1879年7月1日(清光绪五年五月十二日)凌晨,在陇南武都、文县之间发生了8级强震。因震区地质构造复杂、交通不便,缺少历史资料的系统收集和整理,至今仍存在对本次大震认识的模糊之处。笔者近年来利用地缘之便收集了20余条与该次地震相关的碑刻、题记史料。通过比较分析,认为该次地震的宏观震中大约在洋汤河流域的桥头、屯寨(今天池乡),极震区则要延展到四川九寨沟县郭元乡、武都两水镇及石门乡等地。
An M8.0 great earthquake occurred between Wudu and Wenxian,Longnan district,on July 1,1879(May 12,Guangxu 5,Qing Dynasty).The complex geological structure,traffic inconvenience,and lack of systematic data and regional field trips have led to speculations and discussions about the true conditions of the earthquake for half a century.However,many questions remain.Comparative analysis of more than 20 studies concerning this earthquake has revealed that the macroscopic epicenter of the earthquake is located in Qiaotou and Tunzhai(now Tianchi township) along the Yangtang River.Moreover,the magistoseismic area extended to Guoyuan Township in Jiuzhaigou County,Sichuan province,and Liangshui and Shimen Township in Wudu,Gansu province.
An M8.0 great earthquake occurred between Wudu and Wenxian,Longnan district,on July 1,1879(May 12,Guangxu 5,Qing Dynasty).The complex geological structure,traffic inconvenience,and lack of systematic data and regional field trips have led to speculations and discussions about the true conditions of the earthquake for half a century.However,many questions remain.Comparative analysis of more than 20 studies concerning this earthquake has revealed that the macroscopic epicenter of the earthquake is located in Qiaotou and Tunzhai(now Tianchi township) along the Yangtang River.Moreover,the magistoseismic area extended to Guoyuan Township in Jiuzhaigou County,Sichuan province,and Liangshui and Shimen Township in Wudu,Gansu province.
引文
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[13]杜万鼎,主编.西和县志[M].西安:陕西人民出版社,1997:857.DU Wan-ding,editor in chief.Xihe County Annals[M].Xi′an:Shanxi People's Publishing House,1997:857.
[14]朱绣梓.重修西和县志(卷二,卷十二)[M].民国三十六年刊本(1947).ZHU Xiu-xin.Revised Xihe County Annals(Volume two,volume 12)[M].Edition in 36th Year of Republic of China(1947.)
[15]王运兴,梁收运,周自强.白龙江中游地震次生地质灾害特征[J].西北地震学报,2011,33(增刊):418-423.WANG Yun-xing,LIANG Shou-yun,ZHOU Zi-qiang.Characteristics of Earthquake Induced Geological Disasters inMiddle Reaches of Bailongjiang River[J].Northwestern Seis-mological Journal,2011,33(Supp.):418-423.
[16]贾伟,刘洪春,柳煜.武都—康县断裂带活动性初步研究[J].西北地震学报,2012,34(2):142-149.JIA Wei,LIU Hong-chun,LIU Yu.Preliminary Study onActivity of the Wudu-Kangxian Fault Zone[J].Northwest-ern Seismological Journal,2012,34(2):142-149.
[2]国家地震局兰州地震研究所.陕甘宁青四省(区)强地震目录[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1985.Institute of Seismology in Lanzhou,State Seismological Bureau&Four provinces(regions)Strong earthquake catalog of theShanxi-Gansu-Ningxia-Qinghai[M].Xian:Shanxi Scienceand Technology Publishing House,1985.
[3]国家地震局兰州地震研究所,甘肃省计划委员会.甘肃省地震危险区划研究[M].兰州:兰州大学出版社,1993.Institute of Seismology in Lanzhou,State Seismological Bureau&Planning Commission of Gansu Province.The Study Seis-mic hazard zoning in Gansu Province[M].Lanzhou:LanzhouUniversity Press,1993.
[4]邓起东,张培震,冉勇康,等.中国活动构造与地震活动[J].地学前缘,10(增刊),2003:66-73.DENG Qi-dong,ZHANG Pei-zhen,RAN Yong-kang et al.Active Tectonics and Seismic Activity in China[J].Earth Sci-ence Frontiers,10(Suppl.)2003:66-73.
[5]侯康明,雷中生,万夫岭,等.1879年武都南8级地震及其同震破裂研究[J].中国地震,2005.21(3):295-310.HOU Kang-ming,LEI Zhong-sheng,WAN Fu-ling,et al.The Study on the M8.0Earthquake Occurred in the South ofWudu in 1879and Co-seismic Rupture[J].China Earth-quake,2005,21(3):295-310.
[6]冯希杰,董星宏,刘春,等.范家坝—临江断裂活动与1879年甘肃武都南8级地震的讨论[J].地震地质,2005,27(1):155-163.FENG Xi-jie,DONG Xing-hong,LIU Chun,et al.Discussionon Fan Jiaba-Linjiang Fault Activities and the M8.0Earth-quake in the South of Wudu in 1879[J].Seism Geology,2005,27(1):155-163.
[7](清)叶恩沛,吕震南,纂.曾礼,校点.阶州直隶州续志[M].兰州:兰州大学出版社,1987:97,249,153.YE En-pei,LU Zhen-nan,written.ZENG Li,emended(QingDynasty).Sequels of Chronicles of Jiezhou directly led byGovernment[M].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University Press,1987:97,249,153.
[8]张俊玲.1879年甘肃武都南8级地震新史料[J].西北地震学报,2007,29(3):264-266.ZHANG Jun-ling.New Historical Materials of the M8.0Earthquake in the South of Wudu in 1879[J].NorthwesternSeismological Journal,2007,29(3):264-266.
[9]叶昌炽.缘督庐日记[M].南京:江苏古籍出版社,2002:4061,4902.YE Chang-zhi.Dairy in Yuandu Hut[M].Nanjing:JiangsuAncient Books Publishing House,Jiangsu,2002:4061,4902.
[10]吴景山.武都清真寺中现存的碑石文书档案资料[J].回族研究,1993,(4):52.WU Jing-shan.The Archives of Existing Carved Inscriptionsin the Mosque in Wudu[J].Moslem Study,1993,(4):52.
[11]王士敏,修.吕钟祥,纂.新纂康县县志[A]∥中国方志丛书.华北地方.第五五三号[G].台北:成文出版公司,1976:330,56.WANG Shi-min,emended.LU Zhong-xiang,Written.NewKangxian County Annals[A]//Number 553oNorth China oBooks of Chinese Local Records[G].Taibei:Chengwen Pub-lishing House,1976:330,56.
[12]董杏林,纂修.梁晓明,田凌宇,点校.徽县新志[M].香港:天马图书有限公司出版,2006:60.DONG Xing-lin,written.LIANG Xiao-ming,TIAN Ling-yu,emended.Huixian County Annals[M].Hongkong:Tian-ma Books.Ltd.,2006:60.
[13]杜万鼎,主编.西和县志[M].西安:陕西人民出版社,1997:857.DU Wan-ding,editor in chief.Xihe County Annals[M].Xi′an:Shanxi People's Publishing House,1997:857.
[14]朱绣梓.重修西和县志(卷二,卷十二)[M].民国三十六年刊本(1947).ZHU Xiu-xin.Revised Xihe County Annals(Volume two,volume 12)[M].Edition in 36th Year of Republic of China(1947.)
[15]王运兴,梁收运,周自强.白龙江中游地震次生地质灾害特征[J].西北地震学报,2011,33(增刊):418-423.WANG Yun-xing,LIANG Shou-yun,ZHOU Zi-qiang.Characteristics of Earthquake Induced Geological Disasters inMiddle Reaches of Bailongjiang River[J].Northwestern Seis-mological Journal,2011,33(Supp.):418-423.
[16]贾伟,刘洪春,柳煜.武都—康县断裂带活动性初步研究[J].西北地震学报,2012,34(2):142-149.JIA Wei,LIU Hong-chun,LIU Yu.Preliminary Study onActivity of the Wudu-Kangxian Fault Zone[J].Northwest-ern Seismological Journal,2012,34(2):142-149.
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