基于希尔伯特-黄变换的地震信号时频谱分析
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摘要
希尔伯特-黄变换(Hilbert-Huang Transform,HHT)是分析非线性、非稳定信号的一种新方法,能清晰地刻画地震信号的时频能量分布。首先将信号分解为有限数量的固有模态函数I MF,再对这些I MF求解瞬时频率,进而获得信号的时频谱。应用理论模型和实际地震道数据进行了试算,并与S变换谱进行了对比,证明该方法比S变换具有更好的时频域刻画能力。对实际二维地震剖面做HHT变换求得希尔伯特谱,提取分频剖面分析认为,HHT瞬时谱具有一定的油气检测能力。
Seismic data are nonlinear and nonstationary signals.Hilbert-Huang transform is a new method to analyze nonstationary signals.Signals are decomposed into a limited number of intrinsic mode functions.From these IMFs,instantaneous frequency was calculated,and the time-frequency spectra of the signals were finally determined.We verified Hilbert-Huang transform analysis on synthetic and real seismic data,and compared its results with those from S-transform analysis.It is showed that Hilbert-Huang transform is superior to S-transform in revealing the characteristics of time-frequency spectrum,and the instantaneous spectrum of Hilbert-Huang transform is a good indicator of hydrocarbon accumulation.
Seismic data are nonlinear and nonstationary signals.Hilbert-Huang transform is a new method to analyze nonstationary signals.Signals are decomposed into a limited number of intrinsic mode functions.From these IMFs,instantaneous frequency was calculated,and the time-frequency spectra of the signals were finally determined.We verified Hilbert-Huang transform analysis on synthetic and real seismic data,and compared its results with those from S-transform analysis.It is showed that Hilbert-Huang transform is superior to S-transform in revealing the characteristics of time-frequency spectrum,and the instantaneous spectrum of Hilbert-Huang transform is a good indicator of hydrocarbon accumulation.
引文
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3Huang N E,Zheng Shen,Long S R.A new view of nonlinear water waves:the Hilbert Spectrum[J].Annu Rev Fliud Mech,1999,31:417～457
4黄中玉,王于静,孙显义,等.分频技术在气层识别中的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2008,31(1):73～76,79
5刘喜武,宁俊瑞.地震时频属性及其在油气地震地质技术中应用的综述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(1):18～22
6钟佑明,秦树人,汤宝平.一种振动信号新变换法的研究[J].振动工程学报,2002,15(2):233～238
7赵知劲,袁慧琴,郭殿武.基于Hilbert-Huang的信号瞬时参数提取[J].信号处理,2005,21(4A):423～426
8钟佑明,秦树人.希尔伯特-黄变换的统一理论依据研究[J].振动与冲击,2006,25(3):40～43
2Huang N E,Wu MC,Long S R,et al.Aconfidence limit for the empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert spec-tral analysis[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society of London,2003,459:2317～2345
3Huang N E,Zheng Shen,Long S R.A new view of nonlinear water waves:the Hilbert Spectrum[J].Annu Rev Fliud Mech,1999,31:417～457
4黄中玉,王于静,孙显义,等.分频技术在气层识别中的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2008,31(1):73～76,79
5刘喜武,宁俊瑞.地震时频属性及其在油气地震地质技术中应用的综述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(1):18～22
6钟佑明,秦树人,汤宝平.一种振动信号新变换法的研究[J].振动工程学报,2002,15(2):233～238
7赵知劲,袁慧琴,郭殿武.基于Hilbert-Huang的信号瞬时参数提取[J].信号处理,2005,21(4A):423～426
8钟佑明,秦树人.希尔伯特-黄变换的统一理论依据研究[J].振动与冲击,2006,25(3):40～43
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