地震诱发崩塌滑坡敏感性评价——以北川县为例
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摘要
以汶川地震重灾区四川省北川县为例,对研究区进行崩塌滑坡敏感性评价,并探究地震诱发的崩塌滑坡的分布规律。研究建立研究区崩塌滑坡空间数据库,选取距断裂带距离、坡度、坡型、高差、地层岩性等5个因素作为评价指标,采用层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)对指标的权重定量,使用因子加权相加模型对北川县的由地震引发的崩塌滑坡敏感性进行评价。研究发现,距断裂带距离和坡度对崩塌滑坡影响较强。研究结果将北川县划分为崩塌滑坡极度敏感区、高度敏感区、中度敏感区、轻度敏感区和不敏感区五个区域。其中,极度敏感区主要分布在北川县东部的龙门山断裂带上,并沿断裂带延伸,在西部河流两岸也有少量分布,高度敏感和中度敏感区在极敏感区外围辐射分布,轻度敏感区和不敏感区主要分布在研究区的西部地区。
In order to evaluate the sensitivity of earthquake-induced landslide and collapse,and find the rule of these hazards' location,the Beichuan County,Sichuan Province,was taken as the study area.The CBERS images and ALOS image as well as appropriate information extraction methods were used to build the landslides and collapses database of Beichuan County.Fault,formation lithology,slope,relative height and slope type were choosen as evaluation factors,and the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) method was used to calculate the weight of each factor.It was found that the distance to the fault and the slope had greater influence on the hazards,and so did the slope type.The study area was classified into 5 classes by the sensitivity of landslide and collapse: extremely sensitive,highly sensitive,moderately sensitive,slightly sensitive and insensitive.The area along the Longmenshan fault was extremely sensitive to landslide and collapse,and there were small regions of extremely sensitive in the west of Beichuan.The area of highly sensitive and moderately sensitive distributed in the boundary of extremely sensitive zone,and most area in the west of Beichuan was slightly sensitive or insensitive to the hazard.
In order to evaluate the sensitivity of earthquake-induced landslide and collapse,and find the rule of these hazards' location,the Beichuan County,Sichuan Province,was taken as the study area.The CBERS images and ALOS image as well as appropriate information extraction methods were used to build the landslides and collapses database of Beichuan County.Fault,formation lithology,slope,relative height and slope type were choosen as evaluation factors,and the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) method was used to calculate the weight of each factor.It was found that the distance to the fault and the slope had greater influence on the hazards,and so did the slope type.The study area was classified into 5 classes by the sensitivity of landslide and collapse: extremely sensitive,highly sensitive,moderately sensitive,slightly sensitive and insensitive.The area along the Longmenshan fault was extremely sensitive to landslide and collapse,and there were small regions of extremely sensitive in the west of Beichuan.The area of highly sensitive and moderately sensitive distributed in the boundary of extremely sensitive zone,and most area in the west of Beichuan was slightly sensitive or insensitive to the hazard.
引文
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[2]Xiang Wang,Hua Ming,Bai Zhiyong.Risk assessment oflandslide by comprehensive index method base on AHP[J].Subgrade Engineering,2008,5:197-199.[向望,华明,白志勇.基于层次分析的综合指数法对滑坡危险性评价[J].地基工程,2008,5:197-199.]
[3]乔建平.低山区滑坡危险度区划与预测研究[M].成都:四川大学出版社,2009.
[4]Gregory C.Ohlmacher,John C D.Using multiple logisticregression and GIS technology to predict landslide hazard innortheast Kansas,USA[J].Engineering Geology,2003,69:331-343.
[5]Cong Weiqing,Pan Mao,Li Tiefeng,et al.Key researchon landslide and debris flow hazard zonation based on GIS[J].2006,13(1):185-190.[丛威青,潘懋,李铁锋,等,基于GIS的滑坡、泥石流危害危险性区划关键技术研究[J].地学前沿,2006,13(1):185-190.]
[6]Ma Weiming,Tian Weibin,Application of unit classifica-tion analysis method in landslide analysis[J].Soil and Wa-ter Conservation in China,2003,5:15-16.[马为民,田卫宾.单元聚类分析法在滑坡分析中的应用[J].中国水土保持,2003,5:15-16.]
[7]Ye Shaoyou,Fu Huamin,Lu Jun.Riverbank landslidesclassification and cluster analysis base on the fuzzy compre-hensive evaluation[J].Engineering and Construction,2007,21(5):676-678.[叶少有,符烨敏,陆俊.基于模糊综合评判的河堤滑坡分类聚类分析[J].工程与建设,2007,21(5):676-678.]
[8]Majid H,Tangestani.A comparative study of Dempster-Sha-fer and fuzzy models for landslidesusceptibility mapping u-sing a GIS:An experience from Zagros Mountains,SW Iran[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2009,35:66-73.
[9]Li Qiang,Li Duanyou.Research of dynamic predication tech-nique for landslide displacement monitoring[J].Journal ofYangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2005,22(6):13-19.[李强,李端.有基于人工神经网络的滑坡稳定性评估研究[J].长江科学院院报,2005,22(6):13-19.]
[10]Li Changjiang,Ma Tuhua,Zhu Xingsheng,et al.Probabil-ity prediction system for regional group-occurring landslidehazards[J].Land and Resources Informatigation,2005,4:32-38.[李长江,麻土华,朱兴盛,等.区域群发性滑坡灾害概率预报系统[J].国土资源信息化,2005,4:32-38.]
[11]Isik Yilmaz.Landslide susceptibility mapping using fre-quency ratio,logistic regression,artificial neural networksand their comparison:A case study from Kat landslides(Tokat-Turkey)[J].Computers&Geosciences,2008,7:1-13.
[12]Si Kangping,Tian Yuan,Wang Daming,et al.The com-parison of three statistical methods on landslide susceptibili-ty analysis:a case study of Shenzhen City[J].Acta Scien-tiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2008,4:19-26.[司康平,田原,汪大明,等.滑坡灾害危险性评价的3种统计方法比较——以深圳市为例[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2008,4:19-26.]
[13]北川县志编纂委员会.北川县志[M].北京:方志出版社,1996.
[14]国家防汛抗旱总指挥部办公室,中科院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所.山洪泥石流滑坡灾害及防治[M].北京:科学出版社,1994.
[15]Wang HB,Sassa K,Xu W Y.Analysis of a spatial distribu-tion of landslides triggered by the 2004 Chuetsu earthquakesof Niigata Prefecture[J].Nat Hazards,2007,41:43-60.
[16]Kamp U,Growley B J,Khattak G A,et al.GIS-based land-slide susceptibility mapping for the 2005 Kashmir earth-quake region[J].Geomorphology,2008,101:631-642.
[17]Fan Jianrong,Zhang Jianqiang,Tian Bingwei,et al.Inves-tigation to the damaged farmland as a result of disasters In-duced by Wenchuan Earthquake based on Remote Sensing:a case study of Tangjiashan area,Beichuan County,SichuanProv ince[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2008,12(6):917-924[范建容,张建强,田兵伟,等.汶川地震次生灾害毁坏耕地的遥感快速评估方法[J].遥感学报,2008,12(6):917-924.]
[18]Miles S B,Keefer D K.Evaluation of CAMEL-comprehen-sive areal model of earthquake-induced landslides[J].En-gineering Geology,2009,104:1-15.
[19]Guo Fangfang,Yang Nong,Meng Hui,et al.Applicationof the relief amplitude and slope analysis to regional land-slide hazard assessments[J].Geology in China,2008,35(1):131-143.[郭芳芳,杨农,孟晖等.地形起伏度和坡度分析在区域滑坡灾害评价中的应用[J].中国地质,2008,35(1):131-143.]
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