地震属性应用中的不确定性分析
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摘要
随着地震技术的不断发展,从地震数据中提取的地震属性越来越丰富,通过对地震属性提取、优选和联合解释,在一定程度上减小了地震资料解释的多解性。但由于地震数据本身有限并存在误差,地震属性应用中依然广泛地存在不确定性和非唯一性,认识这些不确定性是地震属性在复杂油气藏勘探与开发中应用的重要前提条件。着重分析了①地质模型的多样性、复杂性、非均质性和几何尺度的限制;②观测数据分辨率的限制、噪声和干扰的影响和观测数据的误差;③预测方法中样本个数限制、方法的适应性和物性参数的不确定性;④主观认识等对地震属性应用的影响,并结合实际资料指出了引起地震属性应用不确定性的基本原因、主要因素及其可能产生的现象,进一步明确了地震属性应用前提、应用条件和应用范围。
With the unceasing development of seismic technology, the extracted seismic attributes from seismic data are more and more rich. By seismic attribute extraction, optimization and volume interpretation, multiple solutions of the seismic data are reduced on a certain degree. Because of the limitation and error in seismic data, applied seismic attributes still broadly exist uncertainties and multiple solutions. Therefore, the cognition to uncertainties is an important prior condition in seismic attributes application on complicated reservoir prospect and development. Based on the theory of seismic prospecting, several aspects are analyzed: the variety, complexity of the geology model and the restriction of dimension; the influence caused by noise and interference, the restriction of resolution and the error of data; the limitation of samples, the method's adaptability and uncertainties; the impact on seismic attributes caused by subjective cognition. The basic reason and possible effect of uncertainties in attributes application are discussed with real data, the applying premise, condition and scale are further determined.
With the unceasing development of seismic technology, the extracted seismic attributes from seismic data are more and more rich. By seismic attribute extraction, optimization and volume interpretation, multiple solutions of the seismic data are reduced on a certain degree. Because of the limitation and error in seismic data, applied seismic attributes still broadly exist uncertainties and multiple solutions. Therefore, the cognition to uncertainties is an important prior condition in seismic attributes application on complicated reservoir prospect and development. Based on the theory of seismic prospecting, several aspects are analyzed: the variety, complexity of the geology model and the restriction of dimension; the influence caused by noise and interference, the restriction of resolution and the error of data; the limitation of samples, the method's adaptability and uncertainties; the impact on seismic attributes caused by subjective cognition. The basic reason and possible effect of uncertainties in attributes application are discussed with real data, the applying premise, condition and scale are further determined.
引文
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12张建宁．牛庄洼陷浊积岩砂体储层物性地震预测[J]．石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(6):551-555
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14曹辉．关于地震属性应用的几点认识[J]．勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(5):18-22
2刘文岭,牛彦良,李刚等．多信息储层预测地震属性提取与有效性分析方法[J]．石油物探,2002,41(1):100 -106
3乐友喜,王永刚,张军华．由地震属性向储层参数转换的综合效果分析[J]．石油物探,2002,41(2):202-206
4陈军,陈岩．地震属性分析在储层预测中的应用[J]．石油物探,2001,40(3):94-111
5黄真萍,王晓华,王云专．薄层地震属性参数分析和厚度预测[J]．石油物探,1997,36(3):28-38
6王永刚,乐友喜,刘伟等．地震属性与储层特征的相关性研究[J]．石油大学学报(自然科学版),2004,28(1): 26-31
7何碧竹,周杰,汪功怀．利用多元地震属性预测储层信息[J]．石油地理物理勘探,2003,38(3):258-262
8马在田．关于油气开发地震学的思考[J]．天然气工业, 2004,24(6):43-46
9谭明友,张建宁．地震反演结果的评价[J]．石油物探, 2004,43(6):551-555
10王兴谋,韩文功,李红梅等．浅层亮点气藏地震检测的陷阱分析[J]．石油大学学报,2003,27(1):19-22
11张玉芬．影响薄互层地震反射波特征因素分析[J]．地质科技情报,1998,17(3):101-106
12张建宁．牛庄洼陷浊积岩砂体储层物性地震预测[J]．石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(6):551-555
13于平,赵震宇．勘探地震学数据处理中的三种反褶积技术[J]．世界地质,2002,21(2):181-183
14曹辉．关于地震属性应用的几点认识[J]．勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(5):18-22
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