汶川大地震对岷江上游水资源与水环境的影响
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摘要
岷江是长江上游的最大支流,发源于四川与甘肃交界的岷山南麓,都江堰之上河段为上游,是成都平原及其下游最重要的水源河.流域区属高山峡谷区,高山耸峙,河流深切,北段为山原地貌,南段为高山峡谷地貌.岷江上游位于青藏高原东缘,河流自北西向南东分别流经松潘—甘孜地槽褶皱系、龙门山断裂带和四川盆地.汶川大地震在给人民生命财产造成重大损失的同时,也对岷江上游的季节性水量,岷江水质产生了重大影响.由于汶川地震诱发和潜在的地质灾害,对上游的水电工程形成了潜在的巨大威胁,其影响应在灾后重建规划时予以高度重视.
As the largest tributary of the upper Yangtze,the Minjiang river originates from south of Minshan at the junction of Sichuan and Gansu Province,whose upper reaches is upwardness from Dujiangyan City of Sichuan.It is the most important water resources in the area of its lower reaches and Chengdu plain in Sichuan.The Minjiang river basin belongs to alpine and gorge region where mountains stand straight up,rivers flow rapidly and the northland is mountain physiognomy while the southern part is gorge landform.The upper reaches of the Minjiang river lies in the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the river is flowing from northwest to southeast through Songpan-Ganzi geosynclinal folded system,Longmenshan fault zone and Sichuan Basin.Wenchuan earthquake not only caused fatal losses to people's lives and properties,but also led to significant impact on seasonal water quantity of the upper reaches and water quality of the Minjiang river.The potential geological disasters induced by Wenchuan earthquake have posed the underlying tremendous threat to hydroelectric projects in the region of the upper reaches.The great attentation must be paid to the effect in the reconstruction design after the disaster.
As the largest tributary of the upper Yangtze,the Minjiang river originates from south of Minshan at the junction of Sichuan and Gansu Province,whose upper reaches is upwardness from Dujiangyan City of Sichuan.It is the most important water resources in the area of its lower reaches and Chengdu plain in Sichuan.The Minjiang river basin belongs to alpine and gorge region where mountains stand straight up,rivers flow rapidly and the northland is mountain physiognomy while the southern part is gorge landform.The upper reaches of the Minjiang river lies in the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the river is flowing from northwest to southeast through Songpan-Ganzi geosynclinal folded system,Longmenshan fault zone and Sichuan Basin.Wenchuan earthquake not only caused fatal losses to people's lives and properties,but also led to significant impact on seasonal water quantity of the upper reaches and water quality of the Minjiang river.The potential geological disasters induced by Wenchuan earthquake have posed the underlying tremendous threat to hydroelectric projects in the region of the upper reaches.The great attentation must be paid to the effect in the reconstruction design after the disaster.
引文
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[2]刘树根,罗志立,戴苏兰,等.龙门山冲断带的隆升和川西前陆盆地的沉降[J].地质学报,1995,69(3):205-214.
[3]王二七,孟庆任,陈智梁,等.龙门山断裂带印支期左旋走滑运动及其大地构造成因[J].地学前缘,2001,8(2):375-384.
[4]金文正,汤良杰,杨克明,等.龙门山冲断带构造特征研究主要进展及存在问题探讨[J].地质论评,2008,54(1):37-46.
[5]晏坤.岷江上游干旱河谷带山地灾害对水质影响研究——以茂县龙洞沟流域为例[D].成都:四川大学,2003.
[6]姚建,丁晶,艾南山.岷江上游生态脆弱性评价[J].长江流域资源与环境,2004,13(4):380-383.
[7]张金山,沈兴菊,谢洪.泥石流堵河影响因素研究———以岷江上游为例[J].灾害学,2007,22(2):82-86.
[8]吴勇,苏智先,方精云.岷江上游干温河谷成因及生态恢复初探[J].西华师范大学学报:自然科学版,2003,24(3):276-281.
[9]刘兴亮,苏春江,徐云,等.岷江上游水资源问题及可持续利用[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(6):190-191.
[10]张果,肖莉.我国水资源可持续发展模式探讨[J].四川师范大学学报:自然科学版,2002,25(2):201-204.
[11]郑亚西.西部水资源利用与管理有关问题的研究[J].四川师范大学学报:自然科学版,2001,24(6):634-636.
[12]张全景,王万茂.我国土地问题归因分析及对策研究[J].曲阜师范大学学报:自然科学版,2003,29(2):97-101.
[13]张虹.三峡库区(重庆段)自然灾害危险性综合评价[J].重庆师范大学学报:自然科学版,2008,25(1):25-28.
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