水驱油藏四维地震技术
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摘要
为了正确认识长期水驱油藏剩余油分布状况,以渤海湾地区高孔渗油藏的岩石物理数据为依据,结合冀东油田两个区块2次三维地震采集的资料,从可行性研究、叠前和叠后互均化处理以及动态油藏描述等方面对水驱油藏四维地震技术进行了系统研究。研究结果表明:通过叠前和叠后互均化处理可以基本消除地震采集差异造成的影响;对于长期人工水驱开采油藏,由于物性和注水压力变化可造成17%~19%的速度降低,可以直接利用互均化后的叠后地震振幅差异监测水驱前沿;对于天然能量开采油藏,只有孔隙流体性质变化,因此造成的地震波速度变化很小,利用叠后地震振幅差异无法刻划油藏的变化,必须利用叠前地震信息(如互均化处理后新老资料弹性波阻抗反演的差异)才能突出油藏的变化。图7表2参14
To estimate the residual oil distribution in long-term water flooding reservoirs,4D seismic study is implemented based on the 3D legacy seismic and petrophysical data of reservoirs with high porosity and permeability in Bohai Bay,including feasibility analysis,pre-stack and post-stack cross-equalization,dynamic reservoir monitoring.Through the crossequalization,the difference caused by the factor of acquisition is almost eliminated.For long-term artificial water flooding reservoirs,the seismic velocity decreases by 16%～18% because of the variation of reservoir properties and pressure,and post-stack seismic amplitude differences can be used to monitor the water flooding forefront directly.For natural water drive reservoirs,the only variable factor is fluid saturation which could cause subtle seismic velocity variation.In this case,the information from pre-stack seismic data should be used to highlight the reservoir variation instead of post-stack amplitude differences.For example,the differences of two pre-stack elastic impedance inversions can reflect the reservoir variation very well.
To estimate the residual oil distribution in long-term water flooding reservoirs,4D seismic study is implemented based on the 3D legacy seismic and petrophysical data of reservoirs with high porosity and permeability in Bohai Bay,including feasibility analysis,pre-stack and post-stack cross-equalization,dynamic reservoir monitoring.Through the crossequalization,the difference caused by the factor of acquisition is almost eliminated.For long-term artificial water flooding reservoirs,the seismic velocity decreases by 16%～18% because of the variation of reservoir properties and pressure,and post-stack seismic amplitude differences can be used to monitor the water flooding forefront directly.For natural water drive reservoirs,the only variable factor is fluid saturation which could cause subtle seismic velocity variation.In this case,the information from pre-stack seismic data should be used to highlight the reservoir variation instead of post-stack amplitude differences.For example,the differences of two pre-stack elastic impedance inversions can reflect the reservoir variation very well.
引文
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[3]云美厚.油藏注水强化开采地震监测技术的研究与应用[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2001.
[4]Lumley D E.A risk analysis spreadsheet for both time-lapse VSPand TL seismic reservoir monitoring[J].SEG ExpandedAbstracts,2000,19:2201-2204.
[5]甘利灯.四维地震技术及其在水驱油藏监测中的应用[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2002.
[6]周成当,刘雯林,甘利灯,等.河流相油藏注水开发过程时移地震监测可行性研究[C].北京:石油工业出版社,2000.
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[8]王志章.中国典型油气藏描述及预测丛书[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1991.
[9]朱丽红,杜庆龙,李忠江,等.高含水期储集层物性和润湿性变化规律研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(增刊):82-84.
[10]Sung H Y,Seongsik Y,Gibson R L,et al.Effect of pressure andfluid saturation changes on time-elapse AVO response[J].SEGExpanded Abstracts,2005,24:127-132.
[11]Boyd-Gorst J,Fail A,Pointing L.4-D time elapse reservoirmonitoring of Nelson Field,Central North Sea:Successful use ofan integrated rock physics model to predict and track reservoirproduction[J].The Leading Edge,2001,20(3):1336-1341.
[12]Connolly P.Elastic impedance[J].The Leading Edge,1999,18(4):438-445.
[13]甘利灯,赵邦六,杜文辉,等.弹性阻抗在岩性与流体预测中的潜力分析[J].石油物探,2005,44(5):504-508.
[14]李阳,王端平,刘建民.陆相水驱油藏剩余油富集区研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(3):91-96.
[2]Ian J.Time-Lapse seismic in reservoir management[C].Tulsa:SEG,1998.
[3]云美厚.油藏注水强化开采地震监测技术的研究与应用[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2001.
[4]Lumley D E.A risk analysis spreadsheet for both time-lapse VSPand TL seismic reservoir monitoring[J].SEG ExpandedAbstracts,2000,19:2201-2204.
[5]甘利灯.四维地震技术及其在水驱油藏监测中的应用[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2002.
[6]周成当,刘雯林,甘利灯,等.河流相油藏注水开发过程时移地震监测可行性研究[C].北京:石油工业出版社,2000.
[7]王端平,郭元岭.胜坨油田水淹油层解释方程统一性研究[J].石油学报,2002,23(5):78-82.
[8]王志章.中国典型油气藏描述及预测丛书[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1991.
[9]朱丽红,杜庆龙,李忠江,等.高含水期储集层物性和润湿性变化规律研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(增刊):82-84.
[10]Sung H Y,Seongsik Y,Gibson R L,et al.Effect of pressure andfluid saturation changes on time-elapse AVO response[J].SEGExpanded Abstracts,2005,24:127-132.
[11]Boyd-Gorst J,Fail A,Pointing L.4-D time elapse reservoirmonitoring of Nelson Field,Central North Sea:Successful use ofan integrated rock physics model to predict and track reservoirproduction[J].The Leading Edge,2001,20(3):1336-1341.
[12]Connolly P.Elastic impedance[J].The Leading Edge,1999,18(4):438-445.
[13]甘利灯,赵邦六,杜文辉,等.弹性阻抗在岩性与流体预测中的潜力分析[J].石油物探,2005,44(5):504-508.
[14]李阳,王端平,刘建民.陆相水驱油藏剩余油富集区研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(3):91-96.
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