多尺度奇异性检测及其在地震相分析中的应用
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摘要
本文从地震道的奇异属性出发,利用连续小波变换求取地震道的小波变换模极大值曲线,并沿此曲线提取地震道的小渡变换系数,称之为小波变换模极大值连线振幅。此属性不仅可以代表信号本身,而且可以最大程度的区别于相邻道,并且具有地震道多尺度的特征,即兼具时频域的特征,由此结合自组织神经网络,我们提出了一种新的地震相分析方法,通过模型合成地震记录实验分析,证明此方法是可行的,且对地质层位的解释误差具有一定的容许度,最后,将此方法应用于了实际资料,取得了良好的效果。
This paper discusses the singularity of seismic trace. WTMMLA (wavelet transform modulus maxima line amplitude) can been extracted along WTMMLs (wavelet transform modulus maxima lines) of seismic traces by virtue of wavelet transform. This attribute embodies the essential characteristics of seismic signal in the time-frequency domain and can be used to differentiate from two adjacent seismic traces easily. Therefore, based on the singularity, a new method of seismic faceis analysis is proposed integrated with Kohenon net. This technique has been tested on the theoretical model and then successfully applied to the practical data. This approach has not only succeeded in seismic facies analysis, but also has some ability of tolerance with the horizon interpretation.
This paper discusses the singularity of seismic trace. WTMMLA (wavelet transform modulus maxima line amplitude) can been extracted along WTMMLs (wavelet transform modulus maxima lines) of seismic traces by virtue of wavelet transform. This attribute embodies the essential characteristics of seismic signal in the time-frequency domain and can be used to differentiate from two adjacent seismic traces easily. Therefore, based on the singularity, a new method of seismic faceis analysis is proposed integrated with Kohenon net. This technique has been tested on the theoretical model and then successfully applied to the practical data. This approach has not only succeeded in seismic facies analysis, but also has some ability of tolerance with the horizon interpretation.
引文
[1] Saggaf M M, Toksoz M N, Marhoon M I. Seismic fades classifcation and identi? cation by competitive neural networks [J]. Geophysics,2003,68(6) :1984～1999．
[2] Cao L S, Xu Y X, Yu J B. Facies analysis with merged 3D seismic data [J]. Expanded Abstracts of 75th SEG Ann Internat Mtg,2005,739 ～ 743．
[3] Marroquin I D, Brault J J, Bruce S, A visual data-mining methodology for seismic facies analysis: Part1-Testing and comparison with other unsupervised clustering methods [J].Geophysics, 2009, 74(1) : 1 ～ 11．
[4] Marroquin I D, Brault J J, Bruce S, A visual data-mining methodology for seismic facies analysis: Part 2-Application to 3D seismic data[J]. Geophysics, 2009, 74(1) :13 ～ 23．
[5] 朱剑兵,赵培坤.国外地震相划分技术研究新进展[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,33(3) :167～171． Zhu J B, Zhao P K. Advances in seismic facies classif ication technology abroad [J]. Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2009 ,32( 3) :167～171．
[6] 邓传伟,李莉华,金银姬,等.波形分类技术在储层沉积微相预测中的应用[J].石油物探,2008,47(3) :262～265． Deng C W, Li L H, Jin Y J, et al. Application of seismic waveform classfication in predicting sedimenttary microfacies [J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2008,47(3) ; 262～265．
[7] Rankey E C, Mitchell J C, Interpreter's Corner-That's why it's called interpretation; Impact of horizon uncertainty on seismic attribute analysis[J]. The Leading Edge,2003, 22:820～828．
[8] William J L, Felix H, John G, Singularity analysis: a tool for extracting lithologic and stratigraphic content from seismic data[J]. Expanded Abstracts of 71th SEG Ann Internat Mtg,2001,587 ～ 590．
[9] 曹向阳,常旭,刘伊克,张金淼,奇异性分析方法在地震资料解释及反演研究中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(6) :1678～1684． Cao X Y, Chang X, Liu Y K, Zhang J M. Applications of singularity analysis to seismic data interpretation and inversion research[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2008, 23 ( 6) : 1678 ～1684．
[10] 曹茂森,任青文,王怀洪,基于小波与分形理论的地震异常检测[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(3) :672～679． Cao M S, Ren Q W, Wang H H, A method of detecting seismic singularities using combined wavelet with fractal[J].Chinese J. Geophys, 2005, 48(3) : 672～679．
[11] 宁津生,汪海洪,罗志才.基于多尺度边缘约束的重力场信号的向下延拓[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(1) :63～68． Ning J S. Wang H H, Luo Z C. Downward continuation of gravity signals based on the multiscale edge constraint [J].Chinese J. Geophys, 2005, 48(1) : 63～68．
[12] Castro M. Unsupervised seismic facies analysis using wavelet transform and self-organizing maps[J]. Geophysics, 2007,72(1) : 9～ 21．
[13] Castro M, Paulo L M O, Paulo R S. Unsupervised seismic facies analysis using wavelet transform and self-organizing maps[J]. Geophysics, 2007, 72(1) :9～21．
[14] Grossmann A, Morlet J. Decomposition of Hardy functions into square integrable wavelets of constant shape[J]. SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis, 1984,15:723 ～ 736．
[15] 高静怀,万涛,陈文超,等.三参数小波及其在地震资料分析中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6) :1802～1812． Gao J H, Wan T, Chen W C, et al. Three parameter wavelet and its applications to seismic data processing[J]. Chinese J.Geophys, 2006, 49(6) : 1802～1812．
[16] 董小刚,许林.奇异信号的小波分析[J].长春工业大学学报,2003,24(2) :158～162． Dong X G, Xu L. The wavelet analysis of singular signals [J]. Journal of Changchun University of Technology, 2003,24(2) :158～162．
[17] 李春峰,Christopher Liner.基于小波多尺度分析的奇性指数:一种新地震属性[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(4) :882～888． Li C F, Christopher L. Singularity exponent from wavelet-based multiscale analysis; A new seismic attribute [J].Chinese J. Geophys, 2005,48(4) : 882 ～ 888．
[18] Li C F, Christopher L. Wavelet-based detection of singularities in acoustic impedances from surface seismic reflection data[J]. Geophysics, 2008, 73(1) :1～9．
[19] 宋建国,刘垒,李辉.分数阶导数在地震奇异性分析中的应用[J].石油物探,2009,48(1) :72～75． Song J G, Liu L, Li H, Application of fractional order derivative in analyzing seismic singularity [J]. Geophysical prospecting for petroleum, 2009,48(1) :72 ～ 75．
[20] Coleou T, Poupon M , Azbel K. Unsupervised seismic facies classification; A review and comparison of techniques and implementation [J]. The Leading Edge,2003 ,22(10) :942～953．
[21] Gao D L, Application of seismic texture model regression to seismic facies characterization and interpretation [J]. The Leading Edge, 2008, 27(3) :394 ～ 397．
[22] Neves F A, Triebwasser H. Multi-attribute seismic volume facies classification for predicting fractures in carbonate reservoirs[J]. The Leading Edge, 2006 , 25(6) :698 ～ 700．
[23] Chopra S, Alexeev V. Applications of texture attribute analysis to 3D seismic data[J]. The Leading Edge, 2006, 25(8) :934～940．
[2] Cao L S, Xu Y X, Yu J B. Facies analysis with merged 3D seismic data [J]. Expanded Abstracts of 75th SEG Ann Internat Mtg,2005,739 ～ 743．
[3] Marroquin I D, Brault J J, Bruce S, A visual data-mining methodology for seismic facies analysis: Part1-Testing and comparison with other unsupervised clustering methods [J].Geophysics, 2009, 74(1) : 1 ～ 11．
[4] Marroquin I D, Brault J J, Bruce S, A visual data-mining methodology for seismic facies analysis: Part 2-Application to 3D seismic data[J]. Geophysics, 2009, 74(1) :13 ～ 23．
[5] 朱剑兵,赵培坤.国外地震相划分技术研究新进展[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,33(3) :167～171． Zhu J B, Zhao P K. Advances in seismic facies classif ication technology abroad [J]. Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2009 ,32( 3) :167～171．
[6] 邓传伟,李莉华,金银姬,等.波形分类技术在储层沉积微相预测中的应用[J].石油物探,2008,47(3) :262～265． Deng C W, Li L H, Jin Y J, et al. Application of seismic waveform classfication in predicting sedimenttary microfacies [J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2008,47(3) ; 262～265．
[7] Rankey E C, Mitchell J C, Interpreter's Corner-That's why it's called interpretation; Impact of horizon uncertainty on seismic attribute analysis[J]. The Leading Edge,2003, 22:820～828．
[8] William J L, Felix H, John G, Singularity analysis: a tool for extracting lithologic and stratigraphic content from seismic data[J]. Expanded Abstracts of 71th SEG Ann Internat Mtg,2001,587 ～ 590．
[9] 曹向阳,常旭,刘伊克,张金淼,奇异性分析方法在地震资料解释及反演研究中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(6) :1678～1684． Cao X Y, Chang X, Liu Y K, Zhang J M. Applications of singularity analysis to seismic data interpretation and inversion research[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2008, 23 ( 6) : 1678 ～1684．
[10] 曹茂森,任青文,王怀洪,基于小波与分形理论的地震异常检测[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(3) :672～679． Cao M S, Ren Q W, Wang H H, A method of detecting seismic singularities using combined wavelet with fractal[J].Chinese J. Geophys, 2005, 48(3) : 672～679．
[11] 宁津生,汪海洪,罗志才.基于多尺度边缘约束的重力场信号的向下延拓[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(1) :63～68． Ning J S. Wang H H, Luo Z C. Downward continuation of gravity signals based on the multiscale edge constraint [J].Chinese J. Geophys, 2005, 48(1) : 63～68．
[12] Castro M. Unsupervised seismic facies analysis using wavelet transform and self-organizing maps[J]. Geophysics, 2007,72(1) : 9～ 21．
[13] Castro M, Paulo L M O, Paulo R S. Unsupervised seismic facies analysis using wavelet transform and self-organizing maps[J]. Geophysics, 2007, 72(1) :9～21．
[14] Grossmann A, Morlet J. Decomposition of Hardy functions into square integrable wavelets of constant shape[J]. SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis, 1984,15:723 ～ 736．
[15] 高静怀,万涛,陈文超,等.三参数小波及其在地震资料分析中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6) :1802～1812． Gao J H, Wan T, Chen W C, et al. Three parameter wavelet and its applications to seismic data processing[J]. Chinese J.Geophys, 2006, 49(6) : 1802～1812．
[16] 董小刚,许林.奇异信号的小波分析[J].长春工业大学学报,2003,24(2) :158～162． Dong X G, Xu L. The wavelet analysis of singular signals [J]. Journal of Changchun University of Technology, 2003,24(2) :158～162．
[17] 李春峰,Christopher Liner.基于小波多尺度分析的奇性指数:一种新地震属性[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(4) :882～888． Li C F, Christopher L. Singularity exponent from wavelet-based multiscale analysis; A new seismic attribute [J].Chinese J. Geophys, 2005,48(4) : 882 ～ 888．
[18] Li C F, Christopher L. Wavelet-based detection of singularities in acoustic impedances from surface seismic reflection data[J]. Geophysics, 2008, 73(1) :1～9．
[19] 宋建国,刘垒,李辉.分数阶导数在地震奇异性分析中的应用[J].石油物探,2009,48(1) :72～75． Song J G, Liu L, Li H, Application of fractional order derivative in analyzing seismic singularity [J]. Geophysical prospecting for petroleum, 2009,48(1) :72 ～ 75．
[20] Coleou T, Poupon M , Azbel K. Unsupervised seismic facies classification; A review and comparison of techniques and implementation [J]. The Leading Edge,2003 ,22(10) :942～953．
[21] Gao D L, Application of seismic texture model regression to seismic facies characterization and interpretation [J]. The Leading Edge, 2008, 27(3) :394 ～ 397．
[22] Neves F A, Triebwasser H. Multi-attribute seismic volume facies classification for predicting fractures in carbonate reservoirs[J]. The Leading Edge, 2006 , 25(6) :698 ～ 700．
[23] Chopra S, Alexeev V. Applications of texture attribute analysis to 3D seismic data[J]. The Leading Edge, 2006, 25(8) :934～940．
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