汶川特大地震前电离层主要参量变化
摘要
利用GPS-TEC和厦门电离层测高仪数据,分析了汶川大地震前我国地区电离层的形态和变化.其中,利用JPL提供的电离层TEC地图数据分析发现,在地震前3天的下午16~18LT,汶川以东南约20°范围内的我国地区电离层TEC出现了10~15TECU的显著增强,同时在南半球磁力线共轭区也出现了电离层TEC增强现象,增强幅度约10TECU,在此区域外全球其他地区未见明显TEC增加或减少.从TEC数据中也可以看出在地震前6天(5月6日)我国南方地区发生了电离层TEC减小现象,与9日出现的电离层TEC增强现象相比,此次减小的幅度较小(约4TECU)、区域较大(经度方向约80°),在南半球磁力线共轭区域未见如此大面积的TEC同步减小现象.主要分析厦门站数据并参照少数其他台站测高仪资料的监测结果显示,我国多个电离层垂测站均观测到电离层的异常扰动.发现震前3天地震附近地区出现了电离层参量异常增加,与以往研究发现的震前电离层参量异常减小的结果不一致,初步分析此次震前震前3天电离层参量异常增加可能与该区域电场突然增加有关,可能是本次地震的电离层前兆;震前6天电离层参量的异常减小可能与发生在5月5日的地磁小扰动有关,具体因素需进一步分析.
引文
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16赵必强,万卫星,王敏,等.震前电离层扰动研究进展及汶川地震前电离层变化.科技导报,2008,26(11):30—34
17Blanc E.Observations in the upper atmosphere of infrasonic waves from natural or artificial sources:A summary.Ann Geophys,1985,3:673—688
18Hao Y Q,Xiao Z,Zhang D H.Responses of the ionosphere to the Great Sumatra earthquake and volcanic eruption of pinatubo.Chin Phys Lett,2006,23(7):1955—1957
19Iyemori T,Nose M,Han D.Geomagnetic pulsations caused by the Sumatra earthquake on December26,2004.Geophys Res Lett,2005,32:L20807,doi:10.1029/2005GL024083
20Kim V P,Hegai V V.A Possible Presage of Strong Earthquakes in the Night-time Mid-latitude Region Ionosphere,Atmospheric and Ionospheric Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated with Earthquake.Tokyo:Terra Scientific Publishing Company,1999.619—627
21Liu L B,Wan W X,Zhang M L,et al.Case study on total electron content enhancements at low latitudes during low geomagnetic activities before the storms.Ann Geophys,2008,26:893—903
22Liu L B,Wan W X,Zhang M L,et al.Prestorm enhancements in NmF2and total electron content at low latitudes.J Geophys Res,2008,113:A02311,doi:10.1029/2007JA012832
23Zhao B Q,Wan W X,Liu L B,et al.Anomalous enhancement of ionospheric electron content in the Asian/Australian region during a geomagnetically quiet day.J Geophys Res,2008,113,doi:10.1029/2007JA012987
2Weaver P F,Yuen P C,Prolss G W,et al.Acoustic coupling in the ionosphere from seismic waves of the earthquake at Kurile Islands on August11.Nature,1969,226:1239—1241
3Antsilevich M G.The influence of Tashkent earthquake on the Earth’s magnetic field and the ionosphere,Tashkent earthquake26April1966.Tashkent FAN,1971.187—188
4Liu J Y,Chen Y I,Pulinets S A,et al.Seismo-ionosphere signatures prior to M≥6.0Taiwan earthquake.Geophys Res Lett,2000,27:3113—3116
5Pulinets S A,Legenka A D,Karpachev A T,et al.The earthquakes prediction possibility on the base of topside sounding data.IZ-MIRAN preprint N34a,1991,981:25
6Pulinets S A,Legenka A D,Zelenova T I.Dependence of the seismo-ionospheric variations in the F-layer maximum on the local time.Geomag Aeron,1998,38(3):188—193
7Ondoh T.Seismic-ionospheric Effects,Atmospheric and Ionospheric Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated with Earthquakes.To-kyo:Terra Scientific Publishing Company,1999.789—803
8Hobara Y,Parrot M.Ionospheric perturbations linked to a very powerful seismic event.J Atmos Solar-Terr Phys,2005,67:677—685
9丁鉴海,索玉成,余素荣.地磁场与电离层异常现象及其与地震的关系.空间科学学报,2005,25(6):536—542
10Calais E,Minster J.GPS detection of ionospheric perturbations following the January17,1994,Northridge earthquake.Geophys Res Lett,1995,22(9):1045—1048
11Zaslavski Y,Parrot M,Blanc E.Analysis of TEC measurements above active seismic regions.Phys Earth Planet Inter,1998,105:219—228
12Liu J Y,Chen Y I,Chuo Y J,et al.Variations of ionospheric total electron content during the Chi-Chi earthquake.Geophys Res Lett,2001,28(7):1383—1386
13Liu J Y,Chen Y I,Shan S J,et al.Pre-earthquake ionospheric anomalies registered by continuous GPS TEC measurement.Ann Geo-phys,2004,22:1585—1593
14吴云,乔学军,周义炎.利用地基GPS探测震前电离层TEC异常.大地测量与地球动力学,2005,25(2):36—40
15卓裕荣.电离层地震前兆之研究.台湾:中央大学太空科学所,2002
16赵必强,万卫星,王敏,等.震前电离层扰动研究进展及汶川地震前电离层变化.科技导报,2008,26(11):30—34
17Blanc E.Observations in the upper atmosphere of infrasonic waves from natural or artificial sources:A summary.Ann Geophys,1985,3:673—688
18Hao Y Q,Xiao Z,Zhang D H.Responses of the ionosphere to the Great Sumatra earthquake and volcanic eruption of pinatubo.Chin Phys Lett,2006,23(7):1955—1957
19Iyemori T,Nose M,Han D.Geomagnetic pulsations caused by the Sumatra earthquake on December26,2004.Geophys Res Lett,2005,32:L20807,doi:10.1029/2005GL024083
20Kim V P,Hegai V V.A Possible Presage of Strong Earthquakes in the Night-time Mid-latitude Region Ionosphere,Atmospheric and Ionospheric Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated with Earthquake.Tokyo:Terra Scientific Publishing Company,1999.619—627
21Liu L B,Wan W X,Zhang M L,et al.Case study on total electron content enhancements at low latitudes during low geomagnetic activities before the storms.Ann Geophys,2008,26:893—903
22Liu L B,Wan W X,Zhang M L,et al.Prestorm enhancements in NmF2and total electron content at low latitudes.J Geophys Res,2008,113:A02311,doi:10.1029/2007JA012832
23Zhao B Q,Wan W X,Liu L B,et al.Anomalous enhancement of ionospheric electron content in the Asian/Australian region during a geomagnetically quiet day.J Geophys Res,2008,113,doi:10.1029/2007JA012987
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