镇巴复杂山地地震成像质量影响因素及对策
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摘要
镇巴区块二维地震采集资料具有信噪比低、叠加成像能力弱、构造成像精度差的特点。在分析研究影响地震成像质量因素的基础上,就如何提高本区地震成像质量进行了探讨,给出了一些对策和建议。研究表明,地表以及地下地质结构的双重复杂性是造成镇巴区块地震成像质量变差的根本原因;野外采集资料信噪比低、质量差以及处理中各个环节所用模型、参数或方法等方面存在的不足是造成成像质量变差的主要原因。开展针对复杂山地地震资料专项处理技术的研究以及叠前深度偏移技术和广角地震技术的应用是改善成像质量较为有效的途经。
Seismic data from Zhenba block has the characteristics of low signal/noise ratio, weak stack images and poor structure definition. On the basis of an analysis of the factors affecting seismic imaging quality, the author discussed how to improve seismic imaging quality, and proposed some countermeasures. Research results show that the double complexities resulted from both variable surface condition and complex subsurface structure features are fatal to seismic imaging quality. And low signal/noise ratio, poor acquisition quality, as well as unsuitable models, parameters, and methods used in steps of data processing are the major factors degrading the imaging quality. For complex mountainous..seismic exploration, effective ways to improve seismic imaging quality is to develop special processing methods, and apply pre-stack depth migration and wide-angle seismic technique.
Seismic data from Zhenba block has the characteristics of low signal/noise ratio, weak stack images and poor structure definition. On the basis of an analysis of the factors affecting seismic imaging quality, the author discussed how to improve seismic imaging quality, and proposed some countermeasures. Research results show that the double complexities resulted from both variable surface condition and complex subsurface structure features are fatal to seismic imaging quality. And low signal/noise ratio, poor acquisition quality, as well as unsuitable models, parameters, and methods used in steps of data processing are the major factors degrading the imaging quality. For complex mountainous..seismic exploration, effective ways to improve seismic imaging quality is to develop special processing methods, and apply pre-stack depth migration and wide-angle seismic technique.
引文
1杨子川．塔河油田碳酸盐岩储层预测技术与应用[J]．勘 探地球物理进展,2004,27(6):432-439
2梁顺军,梁顺宾．山地高陡构造地震采集质量分析、评价 及建议[J]．石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(增刊):180- 188
3王子明．柴达木盆地东部高分辨率地震勘探应用研究与 效果[J]．石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(6):569-577
4阎世信,刘怀山,姚雪根．山地球物理勘探技术[M]．北 京:石油工业出版社,2000．213-221
5郭向宇,凌云,魏修成．近地表散射波的叠后衰减[J]．石 油地球物理勘探,2002,37(3):201-208
6高少武,赵波,周兴元．自适应相干噪声衰减技术[J]．石 油地球物理勘探,2003,38(3):242-246
7苟量,贺振华．西部复杂山地地震勘探走势分析[J]．石 油地球物理勘探,2005,40(2):248-251
8杨飚,李虹．火焰山三维层速度模型与成像效果[J]．石 油地球物理勘探,2004,39(5):570-574
9王志,贺振华,黄德济,等．高速屏蔽层下弱反射层地震 勘探——广角反射[J]．勘探地球物理进展,2002,25 (5):407-414
10 Wombell R, Jones E, Priestly D, et al. Long offset acquisition and processing for sub-basalt imaging[J]. Expanded Abstracts of 69th Annual International SEG Meeting, 1999, 1429-1432
2梁顺军,梁顺宾．山地高陡构造地震采集质量分析、评价 及建议[J]．石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(增刊):180- 188
3王子明．柴达木盆地东部高分辨率地震勘探应用研究与 效果[J]．石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(6):569-577
4阎世信,刘怀山,姚雪根．山地球物理勘探技术[M]．北 京:石油工业出版社,2000．213-221
5郭向宇,凌云,魏修成．近地表散射波的叠后衰减[J]．石 油地球物理勘探,2002,37(3):201-208
6高少武,赵波,周兴元．自适应相干噪声衰减技术[J]．石 油地球物理勘探,2003,38(3):242-246
7苟量,贺振华．西部复杂山地地震勘探走势分析[J]．石 油地球物理勘探,2005,40(2):248-251
8杨飚,李虹．火焰山三维层速度模型与成像效果[J]．石 油地球物理勘探,2004,39(5):570-574
9王志,贺振华,黄德济,等．高速屏蔽层下弱反射层地震 勘探——广角反射[J]．勘探地球物理进展,2002,25 (5):407-414
10 Wombell R, Jones E, Priestly D, et al. Long offset acquisition and processing for sub-basalt imaging[J]. Expanded Abstracts of 69th Annual International SEG Meeting, 1999, 1429-1432
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