地震资料振幅保持影响因素分析
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摘要
地震资料的振幅信息是数据处理和解释的一个重要参数,储层的岩性研究要求对振幅信息进行更精确的处理,地震资料的保幅性具有重要的意义.影响地震资料振幅保持的因素很多,其中采集和处理过程中对振幅的影响最为直接、广泛.根据实际资料处理情况,文章重点分析了数据采集和资料处理对振幅因素的制约,从属性研究和技术层面上探讨实际生产中应避免或解决的问题.
The amplitude information is an important parameter in seismic data processing and interpretation. Lithologic research of reservoirs needs an accurate amplitude information,so it is significant to pay more attention to the study of preserved amplitude processing(PAP).Many factors may affect amplitude preservation,of which the influence during data collecting and processing is the most wide and direct.Here we analyse the restriction of data collection and processing on seismic data amplitude,and make a discussion on the problems that should be resolved or avoided during production from the attribute study and technical aspect.
The amplitude information is an important parameter in seismic data processing and interpretation. Lithologic research of reservoirs needs an accurate amplitude information,so it is significant to pay more attention to the study of preserved amplitude processing(PAP).Many factors may affect amplitude preservation,of which the influence during data collecting and processing is the most wide and direct.Here we analyse the restriction of data collection and processing on seismic data amplitude,and make a discussion on the problems that should be resolved or avoided during production from the attribute study and technical aspect.
引文
[1] 李子顺.地震波衰减规律及其恢复方法[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5) :1545-1551 Li Z .Seismic wave attenuation and recovering method[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(5) :1545-1551．
[2] 凌云,高军,吴琳.时频空间域球面发散与吸收补偿[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(2) :176-182,189．Ling Y,Gao J,Wu L.Compensation for spherical dispersion and absorption in time-frequency-space domain[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(2) :176-182,189．
[3] 麻三怀,杨长春,韩晓丽,等.采集脚印分析和处理方法综述[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2) :500-524．Ma S H,Yang C C,Han X L,et al.The review of methods of acquisition footprint analysis and processing[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2008,23(2) :500-1524．
[4] 熊翥.我国西部地区物探工作的思考[J].石油地球物理勘探,2000,2(02) :122-135．Xiong Z.Considerations of geophysical exploration in West China[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2000,2 (02 ):122-135．
[5] 林依华,张中杰,尹成,周熙襄.复杂地形条件下静校正的综合寻优[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(1) :101-106．
Lin Y H,Zhang Z J,Yin C.Hybrid optimization of statics estimation in complex[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2003,46(1) :101-106．
[6] 凌云研究组.叠前相对保持振幅、频率、相位和波形的地震数据处理与评价研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(5) :543-552． Ling Yuri Research Group.Study of seismic data processing and appreciation based on prestack relative preservation of amplitude,frequency,phase and waveform[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2004,39(5) :543-552．
[7] 张丽艳,刘洋,陈小宏.几种相对振幅保持的叠前偏移方法对比分析[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(3) :852-858． Zhang L Y,Liu Y,Chen X H.Comparative analysis of several relative amplitude-preserving prestack migration methods[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2008,23(3) :852-858．
[8] 李振春,王希萍,韩文功.地震数据处理中的相位校正技术综述[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(3) :768-774． Li Z C,Wang X P,Han W G.Review of phase correction in seismic data processing[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(3) :768-774．
[9] 宋建国,王艳香,乔玉雷,王慧.AVO技术进展[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2) :508-514． Song J G,Wang Y X,Qiao Y L,Wang H.Advances in AVO technique[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(2) :508-514．
[10] 叶月明,李振春,仝兆岐,张辉,徐秀刚,李栋.双复杂条件下带误差补偿的频率空间域有限差分法叠前深度偏移[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(1) :136-145． Ye Y M,Li Z C,Tong Z Q,Zhang H,Xu X G,Li D.Xwfd pre-stack depth migration based on dual-complexity with error compensation correction[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(1) :136-145．
[11] 杨敬磊,李振春,叶月明,潘雅婷,地震照明叠前深度偏移方法综述[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(1) :146-152Yang J L,Li Z C,Ye Y M,Pan Y T.Review of seismic illumination pre-stack depth migration methods[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(1) :146-152．
[12] 马丽娟,郑和荣,陈霞.隐蔽油气藏地震预测技术研究新进展[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1) :294-300．Ma L J,Zheng H R,Chen X.The New progress of seismic forecast technology of Subtle Traps[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2007,22(1) :294-300．
[13] 刘定进,印兴耀.共炮检距道集波动方程保幅叠前深度偏移方法[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(2) :492-501． Liu D J,Yin X Y.The method of wave equation preservedamplitude prestack depth migration for common offset gathers[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2007,22(2) :492-501．
[14] 袁江华,王秀闽,张致付,杨孔庆,刘洪,李幼铭.地震偏移成像不确定性分析初探[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3) :790-796．Yuan J H,Wang X M,Zhang Z F,Yang K Q,Liu H,Li Y M.An attempt to the analysis of uncertainty in seismic migration imaging[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2007,22(3) :790-796．
[15] 樊卫花,杨长春,孙传文,刘文卿.三维地震资料叠前时间偏移应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3) :836-842．Fan W H,Yang C C,Sun C W,Liu W Q.Application of prestack time migration for three dimensional seismic data[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2007,22(3) :836-842．
[16] 夏洪瑞.道间距对偏移结果影响的讨论[J].勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(1) :33-38．Xia H R.Effects of group interval on migration[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2007,30(1) :33-38．
[17] 凌云.大地吸收衰减分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(1) :1-8．Ling Y.Analysis of attenuation by earth absorption[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2001 ,36(1) :1-8．
[18] 苑书金.叠前地震反演技术的进展及其在岩性油气藏勘探中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3) :879-886．Yuan S J.Progress of pre-stack inversion and application in exploration of the lithological reservoirs[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2007,22(3) :879-886．
[19] 滕吉文.中国地球物理学研究面临的机遇、发展空间和时代的挑战[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(4) :1101-1112．Teng J W.The developmental opportunity and challenge of geophysics in the present age in China[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2007,22(4) :1101-1112．
[20] 李振春,王清振.地震波衰减机理及能量补偿研究综述[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(4) :1147-1152．Li Z C,Wang Q Z.A review of research on mechanism of seismic attenuation and energy compensation[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2007,22(4) :1147-1152．
[21] 杨文采,于常青.深层油气地球物理勘探基础研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(4) :1238-1242．Yang W C,Yu C Q.On basic research problems in applied geophysics for deep oil and gas fields[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2007,22(4) :1238-1242．
[22] 李来林,陈小宏,李延峰.利用振幅谱差识别水淹层的变化[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(6) :1899-1904．Li L L,Chen X H,Li Y F.Water-flooded interval monitoring with amplitude spectrum difference[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(6) :1899-1904．
[23] 王建民,陈树民,苏茂鑫,等.近地表高频补偿技术在三维地震勘探中的应用研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(6) :1837-1843．Wang J M,Chen S M,Su M X,et al.A study of the near surface high-frequency compensation technology in 3-D seismic exploration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(6) :1837-1843．
[24] 张宇.振幅保真的单程波方程偏移理论[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5) :1410-1430．Zhang Y. The theory of true amplitude one-way wave equation migration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49 (5) :1410--1430．
[25] 崔兴福,张关泉,吴雅丽.三维非均匀介质中真振幅地震偏移算子研究[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(3) :509-513．Cui X F,Zhang G Q,Wu Y L.True amplitude seismic migration operator in 3-D heterogeneous medium[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47(3) :509-513．
[2] 凌云,高军,吴琳.时频空间域球面发散与吸收补偿[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(2) :176-182,189．Ling Y,Gao J,Wu L.Compensation for spherical dispersion and absorption in time-frequency-space domain[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(2) :176-182,189．
[3] 麻三怀,杨长春,韩晓丽,等.采集脚印分析和处理方法综述[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2) :500-524．Ma S H,Yang C C,Han X L,et al.The review of methods of acquisition footprint analysis and processing[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2008,23(2) :500-1524．
[4] 熊翥.我国西部地区物探工作的思考[J].石油地球物理勘探,2000,2(02) :122-135．Xiong Z.Considerations of geophysical exploration in West China[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2000,2 (02 ):122-135．
[5] 林依华,张中杰,尹成,周熙襄.复杂地形条件下静校正的综合寻优[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(1) :101-106．
Lin Y H,Zhang Z J,Yin C.Hybrid optimization of statics estimation in complex[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2003,46(1) :101-106．
[6] 凌云研究组.叠前相对保持振幅、频率、相位和波形的地震数据处理与评价研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(5) :543-552． Ling Yuri Research Group.Study of seismic data processing and appreciation based on prestack relative preservation of amplitude,frequency,phase and waveform[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2004,39(5) :543-552．
[7] 张丽艳,刘洋,陈小宏.几种相对振幅保持的叠前偏移方法对比分析[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(3) :852-858． Zhang L Y,Liu Y,Chen X H.Comparative analysis of several relative amplitude-preserving prestack migration methods[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2008,23(3) :852-858．
[8] 李振春,王希萍,韩文功.地震数据处理中的相位校正技术综述[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(3) :768-774． Li Z C,Wang X P,Han W G.Review of phase correction in seismic data processing[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(3) :768-774．
[9] 宋建国,王艳香,乔玉雷,王慧.AVO技术进展[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2) :508-514． Song J G,Wang Y X,Qiao Y L,Wang H.Advances in AVO technique[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(2) :508-514．
[10] 叶月明,李振春,仝兆岐,张辉,徐秀刚,李栋.双复杂条件下带误差补偿的频率空间域有限差分法叠前深度偏移[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(1) :136-145． Ye Y M,Li Z C,Tong Z Q,Zhang H,Xu X G,Li D.Xwfd pre-stack depth migration based on dual-complexity with error compensation correction[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(1) :136-145．
[11] 杨敬磊,李振春,叶月明,潘雅婷,地震照明叠前深度偏移方法综述[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(1) :146-152Yang J L,Li Z C,Ye Y M,Pan Y T.Review of seismic illumination pre-stack depth migration methods[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(1) :146-152．
[12] 马丽娟,郑和荣,陈霞.隐蔽油气藏地震预测技术研究新进展[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1) :294-300．Ma L J,Zheng H R,Chen X.The New progress of seismic forecast technology of Subtle Traps[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2007,22(1) :294-300．
[13] 刘定进,印兴耀.共炮检距道集波动方程保幅叠前深度偏移方法[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(2) :492-501． Liu D J,Yin X Y.The method of wave equation preservedamplitude prestack depth migration for common offset gathers[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2007,22(2) :492-501．
[14] 袁江华,王秀闽,张致付,杨孔庆,刘洪,李幼铭.地震偏移成像不确定性分析初探[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3) :790-796．Yuan J H,Wang X M,Zhang Z F,Yang K Q,Liu H,Li Y M.An attempt to the analysis of uncertainty in seismic migration imaging[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2007,22(3) :790-796．
[15] 樊卫花,杨长春,孙传文,刘文卿.三维地震资料叠前时间偏移应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3) :836-842．Fan W H,Yang C C,Sun C W,Liu W Q.Application of prestack time migration for three dimensional seismic data[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2007,22(3) :836-842．
[16] 夏洪瑞.道间距对偏移结果影响的讨论[J].勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(1) :33-38．Xia H R.Effects of group interval on migration[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2007,30(1) :33-38．
[17] 凌云.大地吸收衰减分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(1) :1-8．Ling Y.Analysis of attenuation by earth absorption[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2001 ,36(1) :1-8．
[18] 苑书金.叠前地震反演技术的进展及其在岩性油气藏勘探中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3) :879-886．Yuan S J.Progress of pre-stack inversion and application in exploration of the lithological reservoirs[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2007,22(3) :879-886．
[19] 滕吉文.中国地球物理学研究面临的机遇、发展空间和时代的挑战[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(4) :1101-1112．Teng J W.The developmental opportunity and challenge of geophysics in the present age in China[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2007,22(4) :1101-1112．
[20] 李振春,王清振.地震波衰减机理及能量补偿研究综述[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(4) :1147-1152．Li Z C,Wang Q Z.A review of research on mechanism of seismic attenuation and energy compensation[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2007,22(4) :1147-1152．
[21] 杨文采,于常青.深层油气地球物理勘探基础研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(4) :1238-1242．Yang W C,Yu C Q.On basic research problems in applied geophysics for deep oil and gas fields[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2007,22(4) :1238-1242．
[22] 李来林,陈小宏,李延峰.利用振幅谱差识别水淹层的变化[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(6) :1899-1904．Li L L,Chen X H,Li Y F.Water-flooded interval monitoring with amplitude spectrum difference[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(6) :1899-1904．
[23] 王建民,陈树民,苏茂鑫,等.近地表高频补偿技术在三维地震勘探中的应用研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(6) :1837-1843．Wang J M,Chen S M,Su M X,et al.A study of the near surface high-frequency compensation technology in 3-D seismic exploration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(6) :1837-1843．
[24] 张宇.振幅保真的单程波方程偏移理论[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5) :1410-1430．Zhang Y. The theory of true amplitude one-way wave equation migration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49 (5) :1410--1430．
[25] 崔兴福,张关泉,吴雅丽.三维非均匀介质中真振幅地震偏移算子研究[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(3) :509-513．Cui X F,Zhang G Q,Wu Y L.True amplitude seismic migration operator in 3-D heterogeneous medium[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47(3) :509-513．
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