首都圈地区小震重新定位及其在地震构造研究中的应用
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摘要
使用双差地震定位法对首都圈地区39°～4 1°N,115°～118°E范围内1980～2 0 0 0年的2 0 98个小震进行了重新定位,定位均方根残差从重新定位前的1.4 s降到0 .32 s。重新定位后,地震活动多集中分布于北东与北西向断裂的交汇处,或密集成北东与北西向线性分布,与已知活动断裂具有密切的关系。在顺义与延怀盆地一带揭示出几条高角度北西向隐伏活动断裂,长度在10～2 0 km间。小震活动显示的构造信息表明,北西向构造是重要的发震构造,在现今构造变形和地震孕育、发生中,与北东向构造起着同样重要的作用。同时,重定位震源深度分布在东西方向上显示出明显的不均匀性,推测是地壳变形和构造活动强弱在横向变化的一种反映。
We relocate 2098 small earthquakes that occurred in the Beijing area (39°～41°N,115°～118°E) from 1980 to 2000 using the double-difference (DD) algorithm to improve relative location accuracy. The rms residual decreases to 0.32 s from 1.4 s before relocation. The relocated seismicity mainly clusters around the intersection part of NE and NW-trending faults, or tends to form NE and NW lineage. Several NW-trending blind faults with lengths of 10～20 km and high dip angle are revealed by the lineage of seismicity near Shunyi and in the Yanqing-Huailai basin, which were undiscovered by both routine locations and previous tectonic study. The tectonic feature revealed by the seismicity indicates that the NW-trending faults are also to be the seismogenic structure, which plays the same role in tectonic deformation and producing larger earthquakes as the NE ones. The maximum depth of the relocated hypocenters varies greatly from west to east in study area, that is from 15 km in the Yanqing-Huailai basin in west to 25 km in the middle part around Beijing, suggesting that there exist dramatic lateral variation of crustal deformation and tectonic activity.
We relocate 2098 small earthquakes that occurred in the Beijing area (39°～41°N,115°～118°E) from 1980 to 2000 using the double-difference (DD) algorithm to improve relative location accuracy. The rms residual decreases to 0.32 s from 1.4 s before relocation. The relocated seismicity mainly clusters around the intersection part of NE and NW-trending faults, or tends to form NE and NW lineage. Several NW-trending blind faults with lengths of 10～20 km and high dip angle are revealed by the lineage of seismicity near Shunyi and in the Yanqing-Huailai basin, which were undiscovered by both routine locations and previous tectonic study. The tectonic feature revealed by the seismicity indicates that the NW-trending faults are also to be the seismogenic structure, which plays the same role in tectonic deformation and producing larger earthquakes as the NE ones. The maximum depth of the relocated hypocenters varies greatly from west to east in study area, that is from 15 km in the Yanqing-Huailai basin in west to 25 km in the middle part around Beijing, suggesting that there exist dramatic lateral variation of crustal deformation and tectonic activity.
引文
白玲,张天中,张宏智.2003.多重相关定位法和波形相关校正及其应用.地震学报,25(6):591～600.
高文学,马瑾.1993.首都圈地震地质环境与地震灾害.北京:地震出版社,3～51.
兰从欣,徐平,张洪魁,等.2002.1996年12月16日北京市顺义Ml4.5级地震.见:中国震例(1995～1996).见:北京:地震出版社,443～459.
万永革,李鸿吉.1996.京津唐张地区速度结构和震源位置联合反演的遗传算法.地震地磁观测与研究,1996,17(3):57～66.
汪集,黄少鹏.1990.中国大陆地区大地热流数据汇编(第二版).地震地质,12(4):351～366.
汪素云,许忠淮,俞言祥,等.1994.北京西北地区现代微震重新定位.地震学报,16(1):24～31.
汪素云,许忠淮,俞言祥,等.1995.北京及邻区现代微震重新定位及其构造含义.中国地震,11(3):222～230.
向宏发,方仲景,徐杰,等.1988.三河—平谷8级地震区的构造背景与大震重复性研究.地震地质,10(1):15～28.
徐杰,宋长青,楚全芝.1998.张家口—蓬莱断裂带地震构造特征的初步探讨.地震地质,20(2):146～153.
徐锡伟,吴卫民,张先康,等.2002.首都圈地区地壳最新构造变动与地震.北京:科学出版社,11～187.
张国民,汪素云,李丽,等.2002.中国大陆地震震源深度及其构造含义.科学通报,47(9):663～668.
张国民,李丽.2003.地壳介质的流变性与孕震模型.地震地质,25(1):1～10.
BaiLing,ZhangTianzhong,ZhangHongzhi.2003.Multipletrelative location approach and wave correlation rectify andapplication.ActaSeismologicaSinica(English edition),16(6):606～615.
GaoWenxue,Majin.1993.Seismo-geological background andearthquake hazard inBeijing area.Beijing:SeismologicalPress,3～51(inChinese).
GeigerL.1910.Herdbestimmung beiErdbeben aus denAnkunftszeiten.K.Ges.Wiss.Goett.,4:331～349.
L anCongxin,XuPing,ZhangHongkui.2002.Shunyi earthquakeofMl4.5 onDec.16,1996inBeijing. in:Earthquake cases inChina(1995～1996).Beijing:SeismologicalPress,443～459(inChinese withEnglish abstract).
PaigeC C,SaundersM A.1982.LSQR:Sparse linear equationsand least squares problem.ACM Translations onMathem aticalSoftware,8/2:195～209.
SchaffD P,BokelmannG H R,BerozaG C,et al.2002.High-resolution image ofCalaveras fault seismicity.J.Geophys.Res.,107(B9):ESE 5-1～5-16.
ShawJ H,ShearerP M.1999.An elusive blind-thrust faultbeneathMetropolitanLosAngeles.Science,283:1516～1518.
Shearer.1998.Evidence from a cluster of small earthquakes for afault at18km depth beneathOakRidge,southernCalifornia.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,88(6):1327～1336.
Shearer.2002.Parallel fault strands at9-km depth resolved on theImperial fault,southernCalifornia.Geophys.Res.L ett.,29(14):19-1～19-4.
WaldhauserF ,EllsworthW.2000.A double-difference earthquakelocation algorithm:method and application to the northernHayward fault,California.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,90(6):1353～1368
WaldhauserF,EllsworthW.2002.Fault structure and m echanicsof theCalifornia,from double-difference earthquake locations.J.Geophys.Res.,107(B3):ESE3-1～3-14.
WanYongge,L iHongji.1996.Genetic algorithms of the velocitystructure and hypocenters simultaneous inversion inBeijing—Tianjin—Tangshan—Zhangjiakou area.Seismological andGeomagneticObservation andResearch,17(3):57～66(inChinese withEnglish abstract).
WangJiyang,HuangShaopeng.1990.Compilation of heat flowdata in theChina continental area(2 nd edition).12(4):351～366(inChinese withEnglish abstract).
WangSuyun,XuZhonghuai,YuYanxiang,etal.1994.Relocationof m icroearthquakes inBeijing and its neighbouring areas and itstectonic implications.ERC,11(3):222～230.
WangSuyun,XuZhonghuai,YuYanxiang,etal.1994.Relocationof microearthquakes in northwesternBeijing.ActaSeismologicaSinica(English edition),7(1):33～41.
WolfeC J,OkuboP G,ShearerP M.2003.Mantle fault zonebeneathKilauea volcano,Hawaii.Science,300:478～480.
XiangHongfa,FangZhongjing,XuJie.1988.Seismotectonicbackground and recurrence interval of great earthquakes in1679Sanhe—PingguM=8earthquake area.Seismology andGeology(English edition),10(1):29～37.
XuJie,SongChangqing,ChuQuanzhi.1998.Preliminary study onthe seismotectonic characters of theZhangjiakou—Penglai faultzone.Seismology andGeology,20(2):146～153(inChinesewithEnglish abstract).
XuXiwei,WuWeimin,ZhangXiankang,et al.2002.Recentcrustal tectonic movement in theCapitalRegion and itsassociated earthquakes.Beijing:SciencePress,11～187(inChinese).
ZhangGuom in,WangSuyun,L iL i,et al.2002.Focal depthresearch of earthquakes inMainlandChina:Implication fortectonics.ChineseScienceBulletin(Englsish edition),47(12):969～974.
ZhangGuomin,LiLi.2003.Rheology of crustal media and arelated seism ogenic m odel.Seismology andGeology,25(1):1～10(inChinese withEnglish abstract)
高文学,马瑾.1993.首都圈地震地质环境与地震灾害.北京:地震出版社,3～51.
兰从欣,徐平,张洪魁,等.2002.1996年12月16日北京市顺义Ml4.5级地震.见:中国震例(1995～1996).见:北京:地震出版社,443～459.
万永革,李鸿吉.1996.京津唐张地区速度结构和震源位置联合反演的遗传算法.地震地磁观测与研究,1996,17(3):57～66.
汪集,黄少鹏.1990.中国大陆地区大地热流数据汇编(第二版).地震地质,12(4):351～366.
汪素云,许忠淮,俞言祥,等.1994.北京西北地区现代微震重新定位.地震学报,16(1):24～31.
汪素云,许忠淮,俞言祥,等.1995.北京及邻区现代微震重新定位及其构造含义.中国地震,11(3):222～230.
向宏发,方仲景,徐杰,等.1988.三河—平谷8级地震区的构造背景与大震重复性研究.地震地质,10(1):15～28.
徐杰,宋长青,楚全芝.1998.张家口—蓬莱断裂带地震构造特征的初步探讨.地震地质,20(2):146～153.
徐锡伟,吴卫民,张先康,等.2002.首都圈地区地壳最新构造变动与地震.北京:科学出版社,11～187.
张国民,汪素云,李丽,等.2002.中国大陆地震震源深度及其构造含义.科学通报,47(9):663～668.
张国民,李丽.2003.地壳介质的流变性与孕震模型.地震地质,25(1):1～10.
BaiLing,ZhangTianzhong,ZhangHongzhi.2003.Multipletrelative location approach and wave correlation rectify andapplication.ActaSeismologicaSinica(English edition),16(6):606～615.
GaoWenxue,Majin.1993.Seismo-geological background andearthquake hazard inBeijing area.Beijing:SeismologicalPress,3～51(inChinese).
GeigerL.1910.Herdbestimmung beiErdbeben aus denAnkunftszeiten.K.Ges.Wiss.Goett.,4:331～349.
L anCongxin,XuPing,ZhangHongkui.2002.Shunyi earthquakeofMl4.5 onDec.16,1996inBeijing. in:Earthquake cases inChina(1995～1996).Beijing:SeismologicalPress,443～459(inChinese withEnglish abstract).
PaigeC C,SaundersM A.1982.LSQR:Sparse linear equationsand least squares problem.ACM Translations onMathem aticalSoftware,8/2:195～209.
SchaffD P,BokelmannG H R,BerozaG C,et al.2002.High-resolution image ofCalaveras fault seismicity.J.Geophys.Res.,107(B9):ESE 5-1～5-16.
ShawJ H,ShearerP M.1999.An elusive blind-thrust faultbeneathMetropolitanLosAngeles.Science,283:1516～1518.
Shearer.1998.Evidence from a cluster of small earthquakes for afault at18km depth beneathOakRidge,southernCalifornia.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,88(6):1327～1336.
Shearer.2002.Parallel fault strands at9-km depth resolved on theImperial fault,southernCalifornia.Geophys.Res.L ett.,29(14):19-1～19-4.
WaldhauserF ,EllsworthW.2000.A double-difference earthquakelocation algorithm:method and application to the northernHayward fault,California.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,90(6):1353～1368
WaldhauserF,EllsworthW.2002.Fault structure and m echanicsof theCalifornia,from double-difference earthquake locations.J.Geophys.Res.,107(B3):ESE3-1～3-14.
WanYongge,L iHongji.1996.Genetic algorithms of the velocitystructure and hypocenters simultaneous inversion inBeijing—Tianjin—Tangshan—Zhangjiakou area.Seismological andGeomagneticObservation andResearch,17(3):57～66(inChinese withEnglish abstract).
WangJiyang,HuangShaopeng.1990.Compilation of heat flowdata in theChina continental area(2 nd edition).12(4):351～366(inChinese withEnglish abstract).
WangSuyun,XuZhonghuai,YuYanxiang,etal.1994.Relocationof m icroearthquakes inBeijing and its neighbouring areas and itstectonic implications.ERC,11(3):222～230.
WangSuyun,XuZhonghuai,YuYanxiang,etal.1994.Relocationof microearthquakes in northwesternBeijing.ActaSeismologicaSinica(English edition),7(1):33～41.
WolfeC J,OkuboP G,ShearerP M.2003.Mantle fault zonebeneathKilauea volcano,Hawaii.Science,300:478～480.
XiangHongfa,FangZhongjing,XuJie.1988.Seismotectonicbackground and recurrence interval of great earthquakes in1679Sanhe—PingguM=8earthquake area.Seismology andGeology(English edition),10(1):29～37.
XuJie,SongChangqing,ChuQuanzhi.1998.Preliminary study onthe seismotectonic characters of theZhangjiakou—Penglai faultzone.Seismology andGeology,20(2):146～153(inChinesewithEnglish abstract).
XuXiwei,WuWeimin,ZhangXiankang,et al.2002.Recentcrustal tectonic movement in theCapitalRegion and itsassociated earthquakes.Beijing:SciencePress,11～187(inChinese).
ZhangGuom in,WangSuyun,L iL i,et al.2002.Focal depthresearch of earthquakes inMainlandChina:Implication fortectonics.ChineseScienceBulletin(Englsish edition),47(12):969～974.
ZhangGuomin,LiLi.2003.Rheology of crustal media and arelated seism ogenic m odel.Seismology andGeology,25(1):1～10(inChinese withEnglish abstract)
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