单源单缆方式采集的天然气水合物三维地震数据处理技术
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摘要
作为潜在的能源储备,天然气水合物的重要性持续上升.针对天然气水合物的地震勘探也逐步由二维方式向三维方式转变.本文以单源单缆方式采集的天然气水合物三维地震数据为基础,探讨了地震数据成像的关键技术,在获得准确的三维地震成像数据体的同时,还得到三维地层速度数据体.三维地震数据更有利于描述含天然气水合物地层的地震反射特征,并刻画可能含天然气水合物地层的分布,从而拓宽对天然气水合物储层的认识.
The importance of natural gas hydrate has been an ever-increasing trend due to the fact that it might be a potential future energy reserve. The seismic exploration method is of transition from 2-D to 3-D acquisition in gas hydrate investigations. Based on 3-D seismic data acquired by the single-source and single-steamer method,the key techniques of data processing were introduced and precise image of 3-D seismic data volume was obtained as well as 3- D velocity data volume of strata bearing gas hydrate. The 3-D data volume which could provide more information of gas hydrate reservoir is more advantageous than that of 2-D in depicting the characteristics and distribution of gas hvdrate in strata.
The importance of natural gas hydrate has been an ever-increasing trend due to the fact that it might be a potential future energy reserve. The seismic exploration method is of transition from 2-D to 3-D acquisition in gas hydrate investigations. Based on 3-D seismic data acquired by the single-source and single-steamer method,the key techniques of data processing were introduced and precise image of 3-D seismic data volume was obtained as well as 3- D velocity data volume of strata bearing gas hydrate. The 3-D data volume which could provide more information of gas hydrate reservoir is more advantageous than that of 2-D in depicting the characteristics and distribution of gas hvdrate in strata.
引文
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[15] 郭树祥,王立歆,韩文功.叠前地震数据优化处理技术分析[J].石油物探,2006,45(5) :497-502． Guo S X, Wang L X, Han W G. Analysis on optimization processing method of prestack data [J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2006 ,45(5) :497-502．
[16] Xu H N, Li 1 Q, Shu H, et al. The seismic reflecting characteristics of gas hydrate bearing strata and its possible distribution in the South China Sea[J]. Applied Geophysics, 2006,3(1) :42-47．
[17] 徐华宁,梁蓓雯,吴能友.南海东沙海域天然气水合物地震数据多次压制及速度特征[J].地质通报,2006,25(9) :1215-1219． Xu H N, Liang B W, Wu N Y. Multiple attenuation and velocity field characteristics of seismic data of gas hydrates in the Dongsha sea area, South China Sea[J]. Geological Bulletin of China,2006,25(9) :1215-1219．
[2] Vanneste M, Batist M D, Golmshtok A, Versteeg W. Multi- frequency seismic study of gas hydrate-bearing sediments in Lake Baikal, Siberia [J]. Marine Geology, 2001,172:1-21．
[3] Katzman, Holbrooh W S, Paull C K. Combinated vertical-incidence and wide-angle seismic study of a gas hydrate zone, Blake Ridge [J]. J. Geophys. Res. ,1994,99(4) :1975-1995．
[4] 徐华宁,梁蓓雯,张光学,等.天然气水合物地震识别研究[J].天然气工业,2006,26(9) ,49-51． Xu H N, Liang B W, Zhang G X, et al. Seismic identification of gas hydrate on northern slope of South China Sea,Natural Gas Industry,2006,26(9) ,49-51．
[5] 栾锡武,赵克斌,孙冬胜,等.海域天然气水合物勘测的地球物理方法[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(1) ,210-219． Luan X W,Zhao K B,Sun D S,et al. Geophysical methods for marine gas hydrates exploration,Progress in Geophysics,2008, 23(1) ,210-219．
[6] 宋海斌.海洋天然气水合物地球物理研究(Ⅱ)。地震方法[J].地球物理学进展,2001,16(3) :110-118． Song H B. Geophysical Research on marine gas hydrate(Ⅱ) : Seismic methods[J]. Progress in Geophysics,2001,16(3) :110-118．
[7] Holbrook W S,Hoskins H,Wood W T,et al. Methane hydrate and free gas on the Blake Ridge from vertical seismic profiling [J]. Science,1996,273:1840-1843．
[8] Stoll R D, Bryan C M. Physical properties of sediments containing gas hydrate [J]. J. Geophys. Res. , 1979,84:1629-1634
[9] 徐华宁,郑晓东,张光学.南中国海存在天然气水合物的地球物理证据[J].地质科技情报,2006,25(2) :60-63． Xu H N, Zheng X D, Zhang G X. Geophysical indications of gas hydrate occurrence in South China Sea[J]. Geological Science and technology information ,2006,25(2) :60-63．
[10] 宋海滨,吴时国,汪为为.南海东北部973剖面BSR及其热流特征[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(5) :1508-1517． Song H B,Wu S G,Jiang W W. The characteristics of BSRs and their derived heat flow on the profile 973 in the northern South China Sea[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(5) :1508-1517．
[11] 许升辉,邓辉,阎贫,等.台湾西南海域地震数据处理及天然气水合物地震属性[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(6) ,1823- 1830． Seismic data processing and seismic attributes of gas hydrate offset southwestern Taiwan[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2007,22(6) ,1823-1830．
[12] 吴能友,张海啟,杨胜雄,等.南海神狐海域天然气水合物成藏系统初探[J].天然气工业,2007,27(9) :1-6． Wu N Y,Zhang H Q,Yang S X,et al. Preliminary discussion on natural gas hydrate (NGH) reservoir system of Shenhu area, North slope of South China Sea [J]. Natural gas industry,2007,27(9) :1-6．
[13] 吴时国,董冬冬,杨胜雄,等.南海北部陆坡细粒沉积物天然气水合物系统的形成模式初探[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(7) :1849-1857． Wu S G, Dong D D,Yang S X,et al. Genetic model of the hydrate system in the fine grain sediments in the northern continental slope of South China Sea[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2009,52(7) :1849-1857．
[14] 关进安,樊栓狮,梁德青,等.南海琼东南盆地渗漏系统甲烷水合物生长速度[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(3) :765-775． Guan J A,Fan S S, Liang D Q,et al. Methane hydrate growth velocity in seepage system of Qiongdongnan Basin[J]. South China Sea. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2009 , 52 (3) : 765-775．
[15] 郭树祥,王立歆,韩文功.叠前地震数据优化处理技术分析[J].石油物探,2006,45(5) :497-502． Guo S X, Wang L X, Han W G. Analysis on optimization processing method of prestack data [J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2006 ,45(5) :497-502．
[16] Xu H N, Li 1 Q, Shu H, et al. The seismic reflecting characteristics of gas hydrate bearing strata and its possible distribution in the South China Sea[J]. Applied Geophysics, 2006,3(1) :42-47．
[17] 徐华宁,梁蓓雯,吴能友.南海东沙海域天然气水合物地震数据多次压制及速度特征[J].地质通报,2006,25(9) :1215-1219． Xu H N, Liang B W, Wu N Y. Multiple attenuation and velocity field characteristics of seismic data of gas hydrates in the Dongsha sea area, South China Sea[J]. Geological Bulletin of China,2006,25(9) :1215-1219．
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