2013年芦山M_s7.0级地震滑坡易发性快速评价方法
|
摘要
2013年4月20日,中国四川省芦山县发生一次M s7.0级强烈地震。地震触发了大量的山体滑坡并造成了严重的灾害。本研究选取地震动峰值加速度、高程、坡度、坡向、斜坡曲率、地层岩性6个地震滑坡影响因子,基于GIS技术开展芦山地震滑坡易发性快速评价工作。基于专家知识与2008年汶川地震研究成果,按照0~9的分级方式,给6个因子赋予权重,给因子内部各个分类赋予滑坡易发等级。根据影响因子权重与因子内部滑坡易发分级,计算出研究区内每个栅格的地震滑坡易发性指数,得到地震滑坡易发性指数索引图。基于3878处芦山地震滑坡开展易发性指数索引图的合理性检验,结果表明正确率超过75%,表明本研究的滑坡易发性评价方法与易发性索引图成果的合理性。将研究区按易发性指数分为5类,分别为极低易发区、低易发区、中易发区、高易发区、极高易发区,得到研究区滑坡易发性分区图。
On April 20,2013,a strong earthquake of Ms 7.0 occurred at Lushan County,Sichuan Province of China.The earthquake triggered many landslides and some of the landslides resulted in serious hazards.In this paper,six earthquake-triggered landside impact factors,including the peak ground acceleration(PGA),the elevation,the slope angle;the slope aspect,the slope curvature,and the strata and lithology were selected for a GIS-based quick landslide susceptibility evaluation for the Lushan earthquake.The weights of the six factors and the landslide susceptibility ranks of each factor were assigned in an ordinal rating from 0 to 9 based on the expert knowledge and the information from my previous studies of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake-triggered landslides.Then,the landslide susceptibility indexes of each grid were calculated and the landslide susceptibility index map of the study area was produced,which was validated based on 3878 landslides triggered by the Lushan earthquake with a success rate of the index map over 75%.This indicates that the method of the quick landslide susceptibility evaluation is reasonable and the result is useful.Finally,based on the landslide susceptibility index values,the study area was divided into five classes,namely the very low susceptibility,the low susceptibility,the moderate susceptibility,the high susceptibility,and the very high susceptibility,and the landslide susceptibility map was produced.
On April 20,2013,a strong earthquake of Ms 7.0 occurred at Lushan County,Sichuan Province of China.The earthquake triggered many landslides and some of the landslides resulted in serious hazards.In this paper,six earthquake-triggered landside impact factors,including the peak ground acceleration(PGA),the elevation,the slope angle;the slope aspect,the slope curvature,and the strata and lithology were selected for a GIS-based quick landslide susceptibility evaluation for the Lushan earthquake.The weights of the six factors and the landslide susceptibility ranks of each factor were assigned in an ordinal rating from 0 to 9 based on the expert knowledge and the information from my previous studies of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake-triggered landslides.Then,the landslide susceptibility indexes of each grid were calculated and the landslide susceptibility index map of the study area was produced,which was validated based on 3878 landslides triggered by the Lushan earthquake with a success rate of the index map over 75%.This indicates that the method of the quick landslide susceptibility evaluation is reasonable and the result is useful.Finally,based on the landslide susceptibility index values,the study area was divided into five classes,namely the very low susceptibility,the low susceptibility,the moderate susceptibility,the high susceptibility,and the very high susceptibility,and the landslide susceptibility map was produced.
引文
[1]许冲,徐锡伟,郑文俊,等.四川省芦山“4.20”7.0级强烈地震触发滑坡[J].地震地质,2013,58(3):3-16.Xu Chong,Xu Xiwei,Zheng Wenjun,et al.Seismology and Geology,2013,58(3):3-16.
[2]许冲,徐锡伟,于贵华.基于证据权方法的玉树地震滑坡危险性评价[J].地震地质,2013,35(1):151-164.Xu Chong,Xu Xiwei,Yu Guihua.Seismology and Geology,2013,35(1):151-164.
[3]Saha A K,Gupta R P,Sarkar I,et al.An approach for GIS-basedstatistical landslide susceptibility zonation-with a case study in theHimalayas[J].Landslides,2005,2(1):61-69.
[4]Singh L P,van Westen C J,Champati Ray P K,et al.Accuracyassessment of InSAR derived input maps for landslide susceptibilityanalysis:A case study from the Swiss Alps[J].Landslides,2005,2(3):221-228.
[5]Bednarik M,MagulováB,Matys M,et al.Landslide susceptibilityassessment of the Kral'ovany-Liptovsky Mikulá railway case study[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,Parts A/B/C,2010,35(3-5):162-171.
[6]Xu C,Xu X W,Dai F C,et al.Landslide hazard mapping using GIS andweight of evidence model in Qingshui river watershed of 2008 Wenchuanearthquake struck region[J].Journal of Earth Science,2012,23(1):97-120.
[7]Xu C,Xu X W,Yu G H.Earthquake triggered landslide hazard mappingand validation related with the 2010 Port-au-Prince,Haiti earthquake[J].Disaster Advances,2012,5(4):1297-1304.
[8]Xu C,Xu X W,Lee Y H,et al.The 2010 Yushu earthquake triggeredlandslide hazard mapping using GIS and weight of evidence modeling[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2012,66(6):1603-1616.
[9]Oh H J,Lee S.Landslide susceptibility mapping on Panaon Island,Philippines using a geographic information system[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2011,62(5):935-951.
[10]Pareek N,Sharma M L,Arora M K.Impact of seismic factors on landslide susceptibility zonation:a case study in part of Indian Himalayas[J].Landslides,2010,7(2):191-201.
[11]Pradhan B,Lee S.Landslide susceptibility assessment and factor effect analysis:backpropagation artificial neural networks and their comparison with frequency ratio and bivariate logistic regression modelling[J].Environmental Modelling and Software,2010,25(6):747-759.
[12]Xu C,Xu X W.Controlling parameter analyses and hazard mapping for earthquake triggered-landslides:an example from a square region in Beichuan County,Sichuan Province,China[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2013.doi:10.1007/s12517-012-0646-y.
[13]Xu C,Xu X W,Yao Q,et al.GIS-based bivariate statistical modelling for earthquake-triggered landslides susceptibility mapping related to the2008 Wenchuan earthquake,China[J].Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology,2013,46(2):221-236.
[14]Ayalew L,Yamagishi H.The application of GIS-based logistic regression for landslide susceptibility mapping in the Kakuda-Yahiko Mountains,Central Japan[J].Geomorphology,2005,65(1-2):15-31.
[15]Dai F C,Lee C F,Tham L G,et al.Logistic regression modelling of storm-induced shallow landsliding in time and space on natural terrain of Lantau Island,Hong Kong[J].Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2004,63(4):315-327.
[16]Xu C,Xu X W,Dai F C,et al.Application of an incomplete landslide inventory,logistic regression model and its validation for landslide susceptibility mapping related to the May 12,2008 Wenchuan earthquake of China[J].Natural Hazards,2013,68(2):883-900.
[17]Nefeslioglu H A,Gokceoglu C,Sonmez H.An assessment on the use of logistic regression and artificial neural networks with different sampling strategies for the preparation of landslide susceptibility maps[J].Engineering Geology,2008,97(3-4):171-191.
[18]Garcia-Rodriguez M J,Malpica J A,Benito B,et al.Susceptibility assessment of earthquake-triggered landslides in El Salvador using logistic regression[J].Geomorphology,2008,95(3-4):172-191.
[19]Park N W.Application of Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence to GISbased landslide susceptibility analysis[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2010,62(2),367-376.
[20]许冲,徐锡伟.逻辑回归模型在玉树地震滑坡危险性评价中的应用与检验[J].工程地质学报,2012,20(3):326-333.Xu Chong,Xu Xiwei.Journal of Engineering Geology,2012,20(3):326-333.
[21]Xu C,Xu X W,Dai F C,et al.Comparison of different models for susceptibility mapping of earthquake triggered landslides related with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China[J].Computers&Geosciences,2012,46:317-329.
[22]Sezer E A,Pradhan B,Gokceoglu C.Manifestation of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy model on landslide susceptibility mapping:Klang valley,Malaysia[J].Expert Systems with Applications,2011,38(7):8208-8219.
[23]Arora M K,Das Gupta A S,Gupta R P.An artificial neural networks approach for landslide hazard zonation in the Bhagirathi(Ganga)Valley,Himalayas[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2004,25(3):559-572.
[24]Yilmaz I.A case study from Koyulhisar(Sivas-Turkey)for landslide susceptibility mapping by artificial neural networks[J].Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2009,68(3):297-306.
[25]Yilmaz I.Comparison of landslide susceptibility mapping methodologies for Koyulhisar,Turkey:Conditional probability,logistic regression,artificial neural networks,and support vector machine[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2010,61(4):821-836.
[26]Pradhan B,Youssef A M,Varathrajoo R.Approaches for delineating landslide hazard areas using different training sites in an advanced artificial neural networks model[J].Geo-spatial Information Science,2010,13(2):93-102.
[27]Brenning A.Spatial prediction models for landslide hazards:review,comparison and evaluation[J].Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences,2005,5(6):853-862.
[28]Yao X,Tham L G,Dai F C.Landslide susceptibility mapping based on Support Vector Machine:A case study on natural slopes of Hong Kong,China[J].Geomorphology,2008,101(4):572-582.
[29]Gallus D,Abecker A,Richter D.Classification of Landslide Susceptibility in the Development of Early Warning Systems[J].Headway in Spatial Data Handling,2008,55-75.
[30]Xu C,Xu X W.Spatial prediction models for seismic landslides based on support vector machine and varied kernel functions:A case study of the 14 April 2010 Yushu earthquake in China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(6):666-679.
[31]Xu C,Dai F C,Xu X W,et al.GIS-based support vector machine modeling of earthquake-triggered landslide susceptibility in the Jianjiang River watershed,China[J].Geomorphology,2012,145-146:70-80.
[32]许冲,徐锡伟.基于不同核函数的2010年玉树地震滑坡空间预测模型研究[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(9):2994-3005.Xu Chong,Xu Xiwei.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(9):2994-3005.
[33]Xu C,Xu X W,Yao X,et al.Three(nearly)complete inventories of landslides triggered by the May 12,2008 Wenchuan Mw 7.9earthquake of China and their spatial distribution statistical analysis[J].Landslides.2013.doi:10.1007/s10346-013-0404-6.
[34]Gorum T,Fan X M,van Westen C J,et al.Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake[J].Geomorphology,2011,133(3-4):152-167.
[35]Dai F C,Xu C,Yao X,et al.Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake,China[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2011,40(4):883-895.
[36]Parker R N,Densmore A L,Rosser N J,et al.Mass wasting triggered by2008 Wenchuan earthquake is greater than orogenic growth[J].Nature Geoscience,2011,4(7):449-452.
[37]许冲,戴福初,徐锡伟.汶川地震滑坡灾害研究综述[J].地质论评,2010,56(6):860-874.Xu Chong,Dai Fuchu,Xu Xiwei.Geological Review,2010,56(6):860-874.
[38]黄润秋,李为乐."5.12"汶川大地震触发地质灾害的发育分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(12):2585-2592.Huang Runqiu,Li Weile.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(12):2585-2592.
[39]许冲.汶川地震滑坡详细编录及其与全球其他地震滑坡事件对比[J].科技导报,2012,30(25):18-26.Xu Chong.Science&Technology Review,2012,30(25):18-26.
[40]许冲,徐锡伟,吴熙彦,等.2008年汶川地震滑坡详细编目及其空间分布规律分析[J].工程地质学报,2013,21(1):25-44.Xu Chong,Xu Xiwei,Wu Xiyan,et al.Journal of Engineering Geology,2013,21(1):25-44.
[41]Xu C,Xu X W.Comment on"Spatial distribution analysis of landslides triggered by 2008.5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake,China"by Shengwen Qi,Qiang Xu,Hengxing Lan,Bing Zhang,Jianyou Liu[Engineering Geology 116(2010)95-108][J].Engineering Geology,2012,133-134:40-42.
[42]Qi S W,Xu Q,Lan H X,et al.Spatial distribution analysis of landslides triggered by 2008.5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake,China[J].Engineering Geology,2010,116(1-2):95-108.
[43]许冲,戴福初,姚鑫,等.基于GIS与确定性系数分析方法的汶川地震滑坡易发性评价[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(1):15-26.Xu Chong,Dai Fuchu,Yao Xin,et al.Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(1):15-26.
[44]许冲,戴福初,陈剑,等.汶川Ms8.0地震重灾区次生地质灾害遥感精细解译[J].遥感学报,2009,13(4):745-762.Xu Chong,Dai Fuchu,Chen Jian,et al.Journal of Remote Sensing,2009,13(4):745-762.
[45]许冲,戴福初,姚鑫.汶川地震诱发滑坡灾害的数量与面积[J].科技导报,2009,27(11):79-81.Xu Chong,Dai Fuchu,Yao Xin.Science&Technology Review,2009,27(11):79-81.
[46]陈晓利,李传友,王明明,等.断裂带两侧地震诱发滑坡空间分布差异性的主要影响因素研究———以北川地区的地震滑坡分布为例[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(3):737-746.Chen Xiaoli,Li Chuanyou,Wang Mingming,et al.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2011,54(3):737-746.
[47]许冲,徐锡伟.俯冲带地区压扭断裂型地震触发滑坡及其剥蚀厚度空间分布规律分析[J].工程地质学报,2012,20(5):732-744.Xu Chong,Xu Xiwei.Journal of Engineering Geology,2012,20(5):732-744.
[48]Gorum T,van Westen C J,Korup O,et al.Complex rupture mechanism and topography control symmetry of mass-wasting pattern,2010 Haiti earthquake[J].Geomorphology,2013,184:127-138.
[49]Harp E L,Jibson R W,Dart R L.The effect of complex fault rupture on the distribution of landslides triggered by the 12 January 2010,Haiti earthquake[C]//Proceedings of the Second World Landslide Forum,October 3-7,2011,Rome,1-5.
[50]Xu C,Xu X W,Yu G H.Landslides triggered by slipping-faultgenerated earthquake on a plateau:an example of the 14 April 2010,Ms 7.1,Yushu,China earthquake[J].Landslides,2013,10(4):421-431.
[51]许冲,徐锡伟,于贵华.玉树地震滑坡分布调查及其特征与形成机制[J].地震地质,2012,34(1):47-62.Xu Chong,Xu Xiwei,Yu Guihua.Seismology and Geology,2012,34(1):47-62.
[52]殷跃平,张永双,马寅生,等.青海玉树Ms 7.1级地震地质灾害主要特征[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(3):289-296.Yin Yueping,Zhang Yongshuang,Ma Yinsheng,et al.Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(3):289-296.
[53]许冲,徐锡伟,戴福初,等.2010年4月14日玉树地震滑坡空间分布与控制变量分析[J],工程地质学报,2011,19(4):505-510.Xu Chong,Xu Xiwei,Dai Fuchu,et al.Journal of Engineering Geology,2011,19(4):505-510.
[54]许冲,徐锡伟.走滑断裂型地震诱发的滑坡在断裂两盘的空间分布差异[J].地质通报,2012,31(4):532-540.Xu Chong,Xu Xiwei.Geological Bulletin of China,2012,31(4):532-540.
[55]Sato H P,Hasegawa H,Fujiwara S,et al.Interpretation of landslide distribution triggered by the 2005 Northern Pakistan earthquake using SPOT 5 imagery[J].Landslides,2007,4(2):113-122.
[56]Wang W N,Wu H L,Nakamura H,et al.Mass movements caused by recent tectonic activity:The 1999 Chi-chi earthquake in central Taiwan[J].The Island Arc,2003,12(4):325-334.
[57]Harp E L,Jibson R W.Landslides triggered by the 1994 Northridge,California,Earthquake[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1996,86(1B):S319-S332.
[58]Pandey A,Dabral P P,Chowdary V M,et al.Landslide Hazard Zonation using Remote Sensing and GIS:A case study of Dikrong river basin,Arunachal Pradesh,India[J].Environmental Geology,2008,54(7):1517-1529.
[59]Saha A K,Gupta R P,Arora M K.GIS-based Landslide Hazard Zonation in the Bhagirathi(Ganga)Valley,Himalayas[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2002,23(2):357-369.
[60]Shaban A,Khawlie M,Kheir R B,et al.Assessment of road instability along a typical mountainous road using GIS and aerial photos,Lebanoneastern Mediterranean[J].Landslides,2001,60(2):93-101.
[61]Temesgen B,Mohammed M U,Korme T.Natural Hazard Assessment Using GIS and Remote Sensing Methods,with Particular Reference to the Landslides in the Wondogenet Area,Ethiopia[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,Part C,2001,26(9):665-675.
[62]Saleh B,Ai-Sheriadeh M.Mapping of landslide hazard zones in Jordan using remote sensing and GIS[J].Journal of Urban Planning and Development,2000,126(1):1-17.
[63]Wachal D J,Hudak P F.Mapping landslide susceptibility in Travis County,Texas,USA[J].GeoJournal,2000,51(3):245-253.
[64]Liu J G,Mason P J,Clerici N,et al.Landslide hazard assessment in the Three Gorges area of the Yangtze River using ASTER imagery[C]//IEEE.International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium,July21-25 2003,Toulouse,France,1302-1304.
[65]许冲,戴福初,姚鑫,等.GIS支持下基于层次分析法的汶川地震区滑坡易发性评价[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(S2):3978-3985.Xu Chong,Dai Fuchu,Yao Xin,et al.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(S2):3978-3985.
[66]许冲.青海玉树“2010-4-14”地震发震构造与地震滑坡危险性初步评价[J].工程地质计算机应用,2012(1):1-14.Xu Chong.Engineering Geological Computer Applications,2012(1):1-14.
[67]徐锡伟,韩竹军,李传友,等.四川芦山7.0级强震:一次典型的盲逆断层型地震[J].科学通报,2013,58(20):1887-1893.Xu Xiwei,Han Zhujun,Li Chuanyou,et al.Chinese Science Bulletin,2013,58(20):1887-1893.
[68]国家地震局震害防御司.中国历史强震目录(公元前23世纪—公元1911年)[M].北京:地震出版社,1995.Disaster Prevention Department of National Seismological Bureau.Catalog of strong historical earthquake of China(23 century B.C.—1911A.D.)[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1995.
[69]中国地震局震害防御司.中国近代地震目录(公元1912年—1990年Ms≥4.7)[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1999.Disaster Prevention Department of China Earthquake Administration.Catalog of modern earthquake of China(1912 A.D.—1990 A.D.)[M].Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,1999.
[70]许冲,戴福初,姚鑫,等.基于GIS的汶川地震滑坡灾害影响因子确定性系数分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(S1):2972-2981.Xu Chong,Dai Fuchu,Yao Xin,et al.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(S1):2972-2981.
[71]Xu C,Xu X W,Yu G H.Landslides and slope fissures triggered by the April 14,2010 Yushu Earthquake,China[J].Earthquake Research in China,2013,27(1):1-22.
[72]USGS.Shakemap usb000gcdd[EB/OL].(2013-03-01)[2013-05-01].http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/shakemap/global/shake/b000gcdd/.
[2]许冲,徐锡伟,于贵华.基于证据权方法的玉树地震滑坡危险性评价[J].地震地质,2013,35(1):151-164.Xu Chong,Xu Xiwei,Yu Guihua.Seismology and Geology,2013,35(1):151-164.
[3]Saha A K,Gupta R P,Sarkar I,et al.An approach for GIS-basedstatistical landslide susceptibility zonation-with a case study in theHimalayas[J].Landslides,2005,2(1):61-69.
[4]Singh L P,van Westen C J,Champati Ray P K,et al.Accuracyassessment of InSAR derived input maps for landslide susceptibilityanalysis:A case study from the Swiss Alps[J].Landslides,2005,2(3):221-228.
[5]Bednarik M,MagulováB,Matys M,et al.Landslide susceptibilityassessment of the Kral'ovany-Liptovsky Mikulá railway case study[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,Parts A/B/C,2010,35(3-5):162-171.
[6]Xu C,Xu X W,Dai F C,et al.Landslide hazard mapping using GIS andweight of evidence model in Qingshui river watershed of 2008 Wenchuanearthquake struck region[J].Journal of Earth Science,2012,23(1):97-120.
[7]Xu C,Xu X W,Yu G H.Earthquake triggered landslide hazard mappingand validation related with the 2010 Port-au-Prince,Haiti earthquake[J].Disaster Advances,2012,5(4):1297-1304.
[8]Xu C,Xu X W,Lee Y H,et al.The 2010 Yushu earthquake triggeredlandslide hazard mapping using GIS and weight of evidence modeling[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2012,66(6):1603-1616.
[9]Oh H J,Lee S.Landslide susceptibility mapping on Panaon Island,Philippines using a geographic information system[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2011,62(5):935-951.
[10]Pareek N,Sharma M L,Arora M K.Impact of seismic factors on landslide susceptibility zonation:a case study in part of Indian Himalayas[J].Landslides,2010,7(2):191-201.
[11]Pradhan B,Lee S.Landslide susceptibility assessment and factor effect analysis:backpropagation artificial neural networks and their comparison with frequency ratio and bivariate logistic regression modelling[J].Environmental Modelling and Software,2010,25(6):747-759.
[12]Xu C,Xu X W.Controlling parameter analyses and hazard mapping for earthquake triggered-landslides:an example from a square region in Beichuan County,Sichuan Province,China[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2013.doi:10.1007/s12517-012-0646-y.
[13]Xu C,Xu X W,Yao Q,et al.GIS-based bivariate statistical modelling for earthquake-triggered landslides susceptibility mapping related to the2008 Wenchuan earthquake,China[J].Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology,2013,46(2):221-236.
[14]Ayalew L,Yamagishi H.The application of GIS-based logistic regression for landslide susceptibility mapping in the Kakuda-Yahiko Mountains,Central Japan[J].Geomorphology,2005,65(1-2):15-31.
[15]Dai F C,Lee C F,Tham L G,et al.Logistic regression modelling of storm-induced shallow landsliding in time and space on natural terrain of Lantau Island,Hong Kong[J].Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2004,63(4):315-327.
[16]Xu C,Xu X W,Dai F C,et al.Application of an incomplete landslide inventory,logistic regression model and its validation for landslide susceptibility mapping related to the May 12,2008 Wenchuan earthquake of China[J].Natural Hazards,2013,68(2):883-900.
[17]Nefeslioglu H A,Gokceoglu C,Sonmez H.An assessment on the use of logistic regression and artificial neural networks with different sampling strategies for the preparation of landslide susceptibility maps[J].Engineering Geology,2008,97(3-4):171-191.
[18]Garcia-Rodriguez M J,Malpica J A,Benito B,et al.Susceptibility assessment of earthquake-triggered landslides in El Salvador using logistic regression[J].Geomorphology,2008,95(3-4):172-191.
[19]Park N W.Application of Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence to GISbased landslide susceptibility analysis[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2010,62(2),367-376.
[20]许冲,徐锡伟.逻辑回归模型在玉树地震滑坡危险性评价中的应用与检验[J].工程地质学报,2012,20(3):326-333.Xu Chong,Xu Xiwei.Journal of Engineering Geology,2012,20(3):326-333.
[21]Xu C,Xu X W,Dai F C,et al.Comparison of different models for susceptibility mapping of earthquake triggered landslides related with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China[J].Computers&Geosciences,2012,46:317-329.
[22]Sezer E A,Pradhan B,Gokceoglu C.Manifestation of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy model on landslide susceptibility mapping:Klang valley,Malaysia[J].Expert Systems with Applications,2011,38(7):8208-8219.
[23]Arora M K,Das Gupta A S,Gupta R P.An artificial neural networks approach for landslide hazard zonation in the Bhagirathi(Ganga)Valley,Himalayas[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2004,25(3):559-572.
[24]Yilmaz I.A case study from Koyulhisar(Sivas-Turkey)for landslide susceptibility mapping by artificial neural networks[J].Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2009,68(3):297-306.
[25]Yilmaz I.Comparison of landslide susceptibility mapping methodologies for Koyulhisar,Turkey:Conditional probability,logistic regression,artificial neural networks,and support vector machine[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2010,61(4):821-836.
[26]Pradhan B,Youssef A M,Varathrajoo R.Approaches for delineating landslide hazard areas using different training sites in an advanced artificial neural networks model[J].Geo-spatial Information Science,2010,13(2):93-102.
[27]Brenning A.Spatial prediction models for landslide hazards:review,comparison and evaluation[J].Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences,2005,5(6):853-862.
[28]Yao X,Tham L G,Dai F C.Landslide susceptibility mapping based on Support Vector Machine:A case study on natural slopes of Hong Kong,China[J].Geomorphology,2008,101(4):572-582.
[29]Gallus D,Abecker A,Richter D.Classification of Landslide Susceptibility in the Development of Early Warning Systems[J].Headway in Spatial Data Handling,2008,55-75.
[30]Xu C,Xu X W.Spatial prediction models for seismic landslides based on support vector machine and varied kernel functions:A case study of the 14 April 2010 Yushu earthquake in China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(6):666-679.
[31]Xu C,Dai F C,Xu X W,et al.GIS-based support vector machine modeling of earthquake-triggered landslide susceptibility in the Jianjiang River watershed,China[J].Geomorphology,2012,145-146:70-80.
[32]许冲,徐锡伟.基于不同核函数的2010年玉树地震滑坡空间预测模型研究[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(9):2994-3005.Xu Chong,Xu Xiwei.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(9):2994-3005.
[33]Xu C,Xu X W,Yao X,et al.Three(nearly)complete inventories of landslides triggered by the May 12,2008 Wenchuan Mw 7.9earthquake of China and their spatial distribution statistical analysis[J].Landslides.2013.doi:10.1007/s10346-013-0404-6.
[34]Gorum T,Fan X M,van Westen C J,et al.Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake[J].Geomorphology,2011,133(3-4):152-167.
[35]Dai F C,Xu C,Yao X,et al.Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake,China[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2011,40(4):883-895.
[36]Parker R N,Densmore A L,Rosser N J,et al.Mass wasting triggered by2008 Wenchuan earthquake is greater than orogenic growth[J].Nature Geoscience,2011,4(7):449-452.
[37]许冲,戴福初,徐锡伟.汶川地震滑坡灾害研究综述[J].地质论评,2010,56(6):860-874.Xu Chong,Dai Fuchu,Xu Xiwei.Geological Review,2010,56(6):860-874.
[38]黄润秋,李为乐."5.12"汶川大地震触发地质灾害的发育分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(12):2585-2592.Huang Runqiu,Li Weile.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(12):2585-2592.
[39]许冲.汶川地震滑坡详细编录及其与全球其他地震滑坡事件对比[J].科技导报,2012,30(25):18-26.Xu Chong.Science&Technology Review,2012,30(25):18-26.
[40]许冲,徐锡伟,吴熙彦,等.2008年汶川地震滑坡详细编目及其空间分布规律分析[J].工程地质学报,2013,21(1):25-44.Xu Chong,Xu Xiwei,Wu Xiyan,et al.Journal of Engineering Geology,2013,21(1):25-44.
[41]Xu C,Xu X W.Comment on"Spatial distribution analysis of landslides triggered by 2008.5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake,China"by Shengwen Qi,Qiang Xu,Hengxing Lan,Bing Zhang,Jianyou Liu[Engineering Geology 116(2010)95-108][J].Engineering Geology,2012,133-134:40-42.
[42]Qi S W,Xu Q,Lan H X,et al.Spatial distribution analysis of landslides triggered by 2008.5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake,China[J].Engineering Geology,2010,116(1-2):95-108.
[43]许冲,戴福初,姚鑫,等.基于GIS与确定性系数分析方法的汶川地震滑坡易发性评价[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(1):15-26.Xu Chong,Dai Fuchu,Yao Xin,et al.Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(1):15-26.
[44]许冲,戴福初,陈剑,等.汶川Ms8.0地震重灾区次生地质灾害遥感精细解译[J].遥感学报,2009,13(4):745-762.Xu Chong,Dai Fuchu,Chen Jian,et al.Journal of Remote Sensing,2009,13(4):745-762.
[45]许冲,戴福初,姚鑫.汶川地震诱发滑坡灾害的数量与面积[J].科技导报,2009,27(11):79-81.Xu Chong,Dai Fuchu,Yao Xin.Science&Technology Review,2009,27(11):79-81.
[46]陈晓利,李传友,王明明,等.断裂带两侧地震诱发滑坡空间分布差异性的主要影响因素研究———以北川地区的地震滑坡分布为例[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(3):737-746.Chen Xiaoli,Li Chuanyou,Wang Mingming,et al.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2011,54(3):737-746.
[47]许冲,徐锡伟.俯冲带地区压扭断裂型地震触发滑坡及其剥蚀厚度空间分布规律分析[J].工程地质学报,2012,20(5):732-744.Xu Chong,Xu Xiwei.Journal of Engineering Geology,2012,20(5):732-744.
[48]Gorum T,van Westen C J,Korup O,et al.Complex rupture mechanism and topography control symmetry of mass-wasting pattern,2010 Haiti earthquake[J].Geomorphology,2013,184:127-138.
[49]Harp E L,Jibson R W,Dart R L.The effect of complex fault rupture on the distribution of landslides triggered by the 12 January 2010,Haiti earthquake[C]//Proceedings of the Second World Landslide Forum,October 3-7,2011,Rome,1-5.
[50]Xu C,Xu X W,Yu G H.Landslides triggered by slipping-faultgenerated earthquake on a plateau:an example of the 14 April 2010,Ms 7.1,Yushu,China earthquake[J].Landslides,2013,10(4):421-431.
[51]许冲,徐锡伟,于贵华.玉树地震滑坡分布调查及其特征与形成机制[J].地震地质,2012,34(1):47-62.Xu Chong,Xu Xiwei,Yu Guihua.Seismology and Geology,2012,34(1):47-62.
[52]殷跃平,张永双,马寅生,等.青海玉树Ms 7.1级地震地质灾害主要特征[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(3):289-296.Yin Yueping,Zhang Yongshuang,Ma Yinsheng,et al.Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(3):289-296.
[53]许冲,徐锡伟,戴福初,等.2010年4月14日玉树地震滑坡空间分布与控制变量分析[J],工程地质学报,2011,19(4):505-510.Xu Chong,Xu Xiwei,Dai Fuchu,et al.Journal of Engineering Geology,2011,19(4):505-510.
[54]许冲,徐锡伟.走滑断裂型地震诱发的滑坡在断裂两盘的空间分布差异[J].地质通报,2012,31(4):532-540.Xu Chong,Xu Xiwei.Geological Bulletin of China,2012,31(4):532-540.
[55]Sato H P,Hasegawa H,Fujiwara S,et al.Interpretation of landslide distribution triggered by the 2005 Northern Pakistan earthquake using SPOT 5 imagery[J].Landslides,2007,4(2):113-122.
[56]Wang W N,Wu H L,Nakamura H,et al.Mass movements caused by recent tectonic activity:The 1999 Chi-chi earthquake in central Taiwan[J].The Island Arc,2003,12(4):325-334.
[57]Harp E L,Jibson R W.Landslides triggered by the 1994 Northridge,California,Earthquake[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1996,86(1B):S319-S332.
[58]Pandey A,Dabral P P,Chowdary V M,et al.Landslide Hazard Zonation using Remote Sensing and GIS:A case study of Dikrong river basin,Arunachal Pradesh,India[J].Environmental Geology,2008,54(7):1517-1529.
[59]Saha A K,Gupta R P,Arora M K.GIS-based Landslide Hazard Zonation in the Bhagirathi(Ganga)Valley,Himalayas[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2002,23(2):357-369.
[60]Shaban A,Khawlie M,Kheir R B,et al.Assessment of road instability along a typical mountainous road using GIS and aerial photos,Lebanoneastern Mediterranean[J].Landslides,2001,60(2):93-101.
[61]Temesgen B,Mohammed M U,Korme T.Natural Hazard Assessment Using GIS and Remote Sensing Methods,with Particular Reference to the Landslides in the Wondogenet Area,Ethiopia[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,Part C,2001,26(9):665-675.
[62]Saleh B,Ai-Sheriadeh M.Mapping of landslide hazard zones in Jordan using remote sensing and GIS[J].Journal of Urban Planning and Development,2000,126(1):1-17.
[63]Wachal D J,Hudak P F.Mapping landslide susceptibility in Travis County,Texas,USA[J].GeoJournal,2000,51(3):245-253.
[64]Liu J G,Mason P J,Clerici N,et al.Landslide hazard assessment in the Three Gorges area of the Yangtze River using ASTER imagery[C]//IEEE.International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium,July21-25 2003,Toulouse,France,1302-1304.
[65]许冲,戴福初,姚鑫,等.GIS支持下基于层次分析法的汶川地震区滑坡易发性评价[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(S2):3978-3985.Xu Chong,Dai Fuchu,Yao Xin,et al.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(S2):3978-3985.
[66]许冲.青海玉树“2010-4-14”地震发震构造与地震滑坡危险性初步评价[J].工程地质计算机应用,2012(1):1-14.Xu Chong.Engineering Geological Computer Applications,2012(1):1-14.
[67]徐锡伟,韩竹军,李传友,等.四川芦山7.0级强震:一次典型的盲逆断层型地震[J].科学通报,2013,58(20):1887-1893.Xu Xiwei,Han Zhujun,Li Chuanyou,et al.Chinese Science Bulletin,2013,58(20):1887-1893.
[68]国家地震局震害防御司.中国历史强震目录(公元前23世纪—公元1911年)[M].北京:地震出版社,1995.Disaster Prevention Department of National Seismological Bureau.Catalog of strong historical earthquake of China(23 century B.C.—1911A.D.)[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1995.
[69]中国地震局震害防御司.中国近代地震目录(公元1912年—1990年Ms≥4.7)[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1999.Disaster Prevention Department of China Earthquake Administration.Catalog of modern earthquake of China(1912 A.D.—1990 A.D.)[M].Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,1999.
[70]许冲,戴福初,姚鑫,等.基于GIS的汶川地震滑坡灾害影响因子确定性系数分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(S1):2972-2981.Xu Chong,Dai Fuchu,Yao Xin,et al.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(S1):2972-2981.
[71]Xu C,Xu X W,Yu G H.Landslides and slope fissures triggered by the April 14,2010 Yushu Earthquake,China[J].Earthquake Research in China,2013,27(1):1-22.
[72]USGS.Shakemap usb000gcdd[EB/OL].(2013-03-01)[2013-05-01].http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/shakemap/global/shake/b000gcdd/.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心