利用广义S变换提取地震旋回的方法
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摘要
在地震地层学中,可以采用时频分析方法刻画地层厚度的变化和地质特征的不连续性,研究特定沉积环境和岩性组合的变化。目前,通常采用短时Fourier变换或连续小波变换求取地震道的主能量和主极值频率,进行地震旋回研究,但由于小波变换的尺度与频率的关系并不确定,因此主要用于求取能量谱。介于短时Fourier变换和小波变换之间的S变换是一种非平稳信号分析和处理的方法,具有良好的时频特性,因此将S变换引入到地震地层学的研究中,用广义S变换代替短时Fourier变换或连续小波变换提取地震道的主能量和主极值频率, 进行地震旋回特征分析。对S变换、短时Fourier变换和连续小波变换的时频特性进行了分析对比,阐述了广义 S变换的高分辨率性质。在广义S变换时频域,利用实际资料求取了地震道的主能量和主极值频率,分析了主能量和主极值频率的纵向变化规律。数值模拟和实际资料试算表明,广义S变换可以更好地反映地震旋回特征。
In order to study sedimentary cycles, the main energy and main frequency of the seismic signals is usually calculated by STFT and CWT. In this paper, S transform is introduced to study seismic stratigraphy due to its better time-frequency characteristics. By analyzing the time-frequency characteristics of generalized S transform (GST) , STFT and CWT, it is recognized that GST has higher resolution. The main energy and main frequency is estimated by GST in time-frequency domain. The calculating results are consistent with real 2-D seismic data, which show that GST has more advantage in reflecting sedimentary cycles cycles.
In order to study sedimentary cycles, the main energy and main frequency of the seismic signals is usually calculated by STFT and CWT. In this paper, S transform is introduced to study seismic stratigraphy due to its better time-frequency characteristics. By analyzing the time-frequency characteristics of generalized S transform (GST) , STFT and CWT, it is recognized that GST has higher resolution. The main energy and main frequency is estimated by GST in time-frequency domain. The calculating results are consistent with real 2-D seismic data, which show that GST has more advantage in reflecting sedimentary cycles cycles.
引文
1 Cohen L. Time-frequency analysis: Theory and application [M]. Englewood Cliffs,N J: Prentice Hall,Inc, 1995. 20-25
2 Bracewell R N. The Fourier transform and its application [M]. New York : McGRaw-Hill , 2000. 256 -260
3 Garbor D. Theory of communication[J]. The Journal of the Institute of Electrical Engineers, 1946, 93(3): 429-4-57
4 Qian S, Chen D. Joint Time-Frequency Analysis [J]. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 1999,16(2):52-67
5刘葵,刘招军,朱建伟,等．时频分析在石油地球物理勘 探中的应用[J]．世界地质,2000,19(3):282-284
6 Stockwell R G, Mansinha L, Lowe R P. Localization of the complex spectrum: the S transform[J]. IEEE transactions on signal processing ,1996,17(6): 998- 1001
7 Mansinha L, Stockwell R G, Lowe R P. Pattern analysis with two dimensional spectral localization: Application of two dimensional S transform[J]. Physica A, 1997,239(3) :286-295
8 McFadden P D, Cook J G, Forster L M. Decomposition of gear vibration signals by generalized S transform [J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Process, 1999, 13(4) :691-707
9 Pinnegar C R, Mansinha L. The S transform with windows of arbitrary and varying shape[J], Geophysics, 2003,68(1) :381-385
10高静怀,陈文超,李幼铭,等．广义S变换与薄互层地震 响应[J]．地球物理学报,2003,46(4):526-532
11 Pinnegar C R, Eaton D W. Application of S transform to prestack noise attenuation filtering[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,2003, 108(B9): 1-10
12刘喜武,年静波,刘洪．基于广义S变换的地层吸收地 震波衰减补偿[J]．石油物探,2006,45(1):9-14
13黄德济,赵宪生．时频域中主参数剖面的计算及应用 [J]．物探化探计算技术,1994,16(3):197-203
14雷克辉,朱广生,毛宁波,等．在小波时频域中研究沉积 旋回[J]．石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(增刊1):72- 78
15吴国忱,康任华,印兴耀,三维时频分析方法在地震层 序分析中的应用[J]．石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2000,24(1)82-84
16崔风林,谢春来,付雷,等．小波变换时频能量谱技术在 地震地层划分中的应用[J]．长春科技大学学报,2000, 30(4):397-399
17石万忠,李举子,李梦溪,等．时频分析在高分辨率层序 地层学中的应用[J]．石油与天然气地质,2001, 22(3):234-237
18 Christopher T, Gilbert P C. A practical guide to wavelet analysis[J]. Bulletin of the America Meteorological Society,1998,79(1) :61-78
2 Bracewell R N. The Fourier transform and its application [M]. New York : McGRaw-Hill , 2000. 256 -260
3 Garbor D. Theory of communication[J]. The Journal of the Institute of Electrical Engineers, 1946, 93(3): 429-4-57
4 Qian S, Chen D. Joint Time-Frequency Analysis [J]. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 1999,16(2):52-67
5刘葵,刘招军,朱建伟,等．时频分析在石油地球物理勘 探中的应用[J]．世界地质,2000,19(3):282-284
6 Stockwell R G, Mansinha L, Lowe R P. Localization of the complex spectrum: the S transform[J]. IEEE transactions on signal processing ,1996,17(6): 998- 1001
7 Mansinha L, Stockwell R G, Lowe R P. Pattern analysis with two dimensional spectral localization: Application of two dimensional S transform[J]. Physica A, 1997,239(3) :286-295
8 McFadden P D, Cook J G, Forster L M. Decomposition of gear vibration signals by generalized S transform [J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Process, 1999, 13(4) :691-707
9 Pinnegar C R, Mansinha L. The S transform with windows of arbitrary and varying shape[J], Geophysics, 2003,68(1) :381-385
10高静怀,陈文超,李幼铭,等．广义S变换与薄互层地震 响应[J]．地球物理学报,2003,46(4):526-532
11 Pinnegar C R, Eaton D W. Application of S transform to prestack noise attenuation filtering[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,2003, 108(B9): 1-10
12刘喜武,年静波,刘洪．基于广义S变换的地层吸收地 震波衰减补偿[J]．石油物探,2006,45(1):9-14
13黄德济,赵宪生．时频域中主参数剖面的计算及应用 [J]．物探化探计算技术,1994,16(3):197-203
14雷克辉,朱广生,毛宁波,等．在小波时频域中研究沉积 旋回[J]．石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(增刊1):72- 78
15吴国忱,康任华,印兴耀,三维时频分析方法在地震层 序分析中的应用[J]．石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2000,24(1)82-84
16崔风林,谢春来,付雷,等．小波变换时频能量谱技术在 地震地层划分中的应用[J]．长春科技大学学报,2000, 30(4):397-399
17石万忠,李举子,李梦溪,等．时频分析在高分辨率层序 地层学中的应用[J]．石油与天然气地质,2001, 22(3):234-237
18 Christopher T, Gilbert P C. A practical guide to wavelet analysis[J]. Bulletin of the America Meteorological Society,1998,79(1) :61-78
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