地震动促进石油运移的一种模式及其发生边界
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摘要
天然和人工地震动使地下孔隙流体瞬时产生相对于地层介质的加速运动趋势,即产生了作用于流体的瞬时冲力。在不考虑质量扩散力条件下,本文以岩石孔喉结构理想模型和充填其中的石油受力分析为基础,对水平、垂向两地震动作用方向上,促进石油运移时的油柱长度、孔隙、喉道等边界条件进行了分析,并考虑了静水常压和异常压力两种地层状态下的情况。研究表明,在无裂缝作为运移通道的条件下,地震动作用可以使油柱在岩石破裂前,突破一定岩石孔隙结构的喉道发生运移。对该地震动促进石油运移模式的边界条件分析认为,小孔喉比值、大半径孔隙和连续一定长度的油柱利于油柱突破喉道运移的发生,油柱在水平向地震动作用于静水常压地层、垂向地震动作用于静水常压地层、水平向地震动作用于低过剩压力梯度地层、垂向地震动作用于高过剩压力梯度地层等4种情况下,地震动促使运移发生的难度依次降低。
Natural and artificial earthquakes can trigger off some acceleratory motion tendency of ground fluids. The motion tendency will behave as some impetus of fluids migration if rock media is the reference frame of fluids migration. Based on the ideal model of pore structure and stress analysis of oil column unconsidering mass diffusion, the occurrence boundary conditions of petroleum migration under the action of earthquake are discussed. Those boundary conditions include the length of oil column, pore size, pore-throat, and different fluid pressure status. The results indicate that earthquake can inspire oil column migration through some special pore structure before fractures appear. The detailed analysis shows that lower pore/ throat ratio, bigger radius of pore and longer continuous oil column are good for petroleum migration, that petroleum migration inspired by earthquake becomes easier in turn in the following cases: the lateral vibration of earthquake acts on formations with normal fluid pressure, the vertical vibration with normal fluid pressure, the lateral vibration with abnormal fluid pressure and the vertical vibration with abnormal fluid pressure.
Natural and artificial earthquakes can trigger off some acceleratory motion tendency of ground fluids. The motion tendency will behave as some impetus of fluids migration if rock media is the reference frame of fluids migration. Based on the ideal model of pore structure and stress analysis of oil column unconsidering mass diffusion, the occurrence boundary conditions of petroleum migration under the action of earthquake are discussed. Those boundary conditions include the length of oil column, pore size, pore-throat, and different fluid pressure status. The results indicate that earthquake can inspire oil column migration through some special pore structure before fractures appear. The detailed analysis shows that lower pore/ throat ratio, bigger radius of pore and longer continuous oil column are good for petroleum migration, that petroleum migration inspired by earthquake becomes easier in turn in the following cases: the lateral vibration of earthquake acts on formations with normal fluid pressure, the vertical vibration with normal fluid pressure, the lateral vibration with abnormal fluid pressure and the vertical vibration with abnormal fluid pressure.
引文
包茨.1988.天然气地质学.北京:科学出版社,1～320.
罗蛰潭.1985.油层物理.北京:地质出版社,1～198.
曲志浩,王菁.1991.卡断现象与油气二次运移形式.见:邸世祥等主编.碎屑岩储层的孔隙结构与成因及其对油气运移的控制.西安:西北大学出版社,1～231.
吴起林,刘安捷.1983.海城、唐山两大地震前后油井生产动态的变化.地震学报,5(4):461～465.
徐守余,孙万华.2003.油水井异常变化机理与天然地震前兆.石油勘探与开发,30(4):98～99.
曾溅辉,金之钧.2000.油气二次运移和聚集物理模拟.北京:石油工业出版社,1～243.
张培震,甘卫军,沈正康等.2005.中国大陆现今构造作用的地块运动和连续变形耦合模型.地质学报,78(6):748～756.
Bao Ci.1988.Natural gas geology.Beijing:Science Press.1～320(in Chinese).
Berg R R.1975.Capillary Pressures in Stratigraphic Traps.AAPG,59:939～956.
Bouteca M,Sarda J P.1987.Etat de l’art en fracturationhydraulique.Rev.Inst.Fr.Pe.t.,42:39～75.
Fertl W H.1976.Abnormal Formation Pressure,I mplication toExploration,Drilling,and Production of Oil and Gas Reservoirs.Elsevier,Amsterdam,1～382.
Gudmundsson A.1999.Fluid overpressure and stress drop in faultzones.Geophys.Res.Letters,26(1):115～118.
Gudmundsson A.2001.Fluid overpressure and flowin fault zones:field measurements and models.Tectonophysics,36(1):183～199.
Hooper E C D.1991.Fluid migration along growth faults incompacting sedi ments.Journal of Petroleum Geology,4(2):161～180.
James T,Rutledge.1998.Reservoir characterization using oil-production-induced microseismicity,Clinton County,Kentucky.Tectonophysics,289:129～152.
Kouznetsov O L,Si mkin E M,Chilingar G V,Katz S A.1998.I mproved oil recovery by application of vibro-energy towaterflooded sandstones.Journal of Petroleum Science andEngineering,19:191～200.
Kouznetsov O L,Si mkin E M.1994.Transformation andinteractionof geophysical fieldsin the lithosphere.Oxford and IBHPubl.,1～271.
Krestnikov V N,Belousov T P,Shtange D V.1988.Seismotectonicconditions for triggering Gazli earthquakes.Physics of theEarth,9:12～28.
Liu Huixian.1980.On the Chinese Seismic IntensityScale·Proceedings of the7th World Conference on EarthquakeEngineering,Istanbul,Turkey,2:569～567.
Luo Zhetan.Petroleumreservoir physics.Beijing:Geology Press,1～198(in Chinese).
Mendelsohn D A.1984.A review of hydraulic fracture modeling-part I:general concepts,2D models,motivation for3Dmodeling.Jour.Energy Resources Technol.,106:369～376.
Mohanty K K,Davis H T,Scriven L E,et al.1987.Physics of oilentrapment in water-wet rock.SPE reservoir engineering,Feb,113～128.
Morrow N R.1970.Physics and thermodynamics of capillary actionin porous media.Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,62:32～56.
Qu Zhihao.Wang Jing.1991.Snap-off phenomenon andthe style of secondary oil migration.In:Di Shixiang.Pore structure andformation of clastic reservoir and its controlling on petroleummigraion.Xi’an:Northwest University Press,1～320(inChinese with English abstract).
Rocket J H.1981.Stress fields,a key to oil migration.AAPG,65(1):74～85.
Roof J G.1970.Snap-off of oil droplets in water-wet pores.SPEG.
Sadeghi K M,Sadeghi M A,Jang L K,et al.1992.A new bitumenrecovery technology and its potential application to remediationof oil spills.Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,8(2):105～118.
Secor D T.1965.Role of fluid pressure in jointing.Amer.Jour.Science,263:633～646.
Sefer B,Coskun and Norman C,Wardlaw.1993.Esti mation ofpermeability fromi mage analysis of reservoir sandstones,10:1～16.
Sibson R H,Rankin A H.1975.Seismic pumping——ahydrothermal fluid transport mechanism.Journal of theGeological Society(London),131(6):653～660.
Si mkin E M.1992.Hydrodynamic description of oil displacement bywater process within the elastic vibration field.In:Proc.Int.Conf.Flow through Porous Media:Fundamentals andReservoir Engineering Applications,171～175.
Surguchev ML,Zheltov U V,Si mkin E M.1984.Physicochemicalmicro-processes in oil-gas-bearing Formations.Nedra Publ.,Moscow,1～215.
Wet miller R J.1986.Earthquakes near Rocky Mountain House,Alberta,and their relationship to gas production facilities.Can.J.Earth,2(23):172～181.
Wilkinson D.1984.Percolation model of i mmiscible displacement inthe presence of buoyancy forces.Physical Review,30:520～531.
Wu Qilin,Liu Anjie.1983.Anomalous variations in production oilwells before and after the great Haicheng and Tangshanearthquake.Acta Seismologica Sinica,5(4):461～466(inChinese with Enlish abstract).
Xu Shouyu,Sun Wanhua.The mechanismof anomaly producedfluidof well and warning signs of earthquake.PetroleumExplorationand Development,30(4):98～99.
Zeng Jianhui,Jin Zhijun.2000.Physical modeling of secondary oilmigration and accumulation.Beijing:Petroleum IndustryPress,1～243(in Chinese).
Zhang Peizhen,Gan Weijun,Shen Zhengkang,et al.2005.A couplingmodel of rigid-block movement andcontinuous deformation:patternsof the present-day deformation of China’s continent andits vicinity.Acta Geologica Sinica,78(6):748～756.
罗蛰潭.1985.油层物理.北京:地质出版社,1～198.
曲志浩,王菁.1991.卡断现象与油气二次运移形式.见:邸世祥等主编.碎屑岩储层的孔隙结构与成因及其对油气运移的控制.西安:西北大学出版社,1～231.
吴起林,刘安捷.1983.海城、唐山两大地震前后油井生产动态的变化.地震学报,5(4):461～465.
徐守余,孙万华.2003.油水井异常变化机理与天然地震前兆.石油勘探与开发,30(4):98～99.
曾溅辉,金之钧.2000.油气二次运移和聚集物理模拟.北京:石油工业出版社,1～243.
张培震,甘卫军,沈正康等.2005.中国大陆现今构造作用的地块运动和连续变形耦合模型.地质学报,78(6):748～756.
Bao Ci.1988.Natural gas geology.Beijing:Science Press.1～320(in Chinese).
Berg R R.1975.Capillary Pressures in Stratigraphic Traps.AAPG,59:939～956.
Bouteca M,Sarda J P.1987.Etat de l’art en fracturationhydraulique.Rev.Inst.Fr.Pe.t.,42:39～75.
Fertl W H.1976.Abnormal Formation Pressure,I mplication toExploration,Drilling,and Production of Oil and Gas Reservoirs.Elsevier,Amsterdam,1～382.
Gudmundsson A.1999.Fluid overpressure and stress drop in faultzones.Geophys.Res.Letters,26(1):115～118.
Gudmundsson A.2001.Fluid overpressure and flowin fault zones:field measurements and models.Tectonophysics,36(1):183～199.
Hooper E C D.1991.Fluid migration along growth faults incompacting sedi ments.Journal of Petroleum Geology,4(2):161～180.
James T,Rutledge.1998.Reservoir characterization using oil-production-induced microseismicity,Clinton County,Kentucky.Tectonophysics,289:129～152.
Kouznetsov O L,Si mkin E M,Chilingar G V,Katz S A.1998.I mproved oil recovery by application of vibro-energy towaterflooded sandstones.Journal of Petroleum Science andEngineering,19:191～200.
Kouznetsov O L,Si mkin E M.1994.Transformation andinteractionof geophysical fieldsin the lithosphere.Oxford and IBHPubl.,1～271.
Krestnikov V N,Belousov T P,Shtange D V.1988.Seismotectonicconditions for triggering Gazli earthquakes.Physics of theEarth,9:12～28.
Liu Huixian.1980.On the Chinese Seismic IntensityScale·Proceedings of the7th World Conference on EarthquakeEngineering,Istanbul,Turkey,2:569～567.
Luo Zhetan.Petroleumreservoir physics.Beijing:Geology Press,1～198(in Chinese).
Mendelsohn D A.1984.A review of hydraulic fracture modeling-part I:general concepts,2D models,motivation for3Dmodeling.Jour.Energy Resources Technol.,106:369～376.
Mohanty K K,Davis H T,Scriven L E,et al.1987.Physics of oilentrapment in water-wet rock.SPE reservoir engineering,Feb,113～128.
Morrow N R.1970.Physics and thermodynamics of capillary actionin porous media.Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,62:32～56.
Qu Zhihao.Wang Jing.1991.Snap-off phenomenon andthe style of secondary oil migration.In:Di Shixiang.Pore structure andformation of clastic reservoir and its controlling on petroleummigraion.Xi’an:Northwest University Press,1～320(inChinese with English abstract).
Rocket J H.1981.Stress fields,a key to oil migration.AAPG,65(1):74～85.
Roof J G.1970.Snap-off of oil droplets in water-wet pores.SPEG.
Sadeghi K M,Sadeghi M A,Jang L K,et al.1992.A new bitumenrecovery technology and its potential application to remediationof oil spills.Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,8(2):105～118.
Secor D T.1965.Role of fluid pressure in jointing.Amer.Jour.Science,263:633～646.
Sefer B,Coskun and Norman C,Wardlaw.1993.Esti mation ofpermeability fromi mage analysis of reservoir sandstones,10:1～16.
Sibson R H,Rankin A H.1975.Seismic pumping——ahydrothermal fluid transport mechanism.Journal of theGeological Society(London),131(6):653～660.
Si mkin E M.1992.Hydrodynamic description of oil displacement bywater process within the elastic vibration field.In:Proc.Int.Conf.Flow through Porous Media:Fundamentals andReservoir Engineering Applications,171～175.
Surguchev ML,Zheltov U V,Si mkin E M.1984.Physicochemicalmicro-processes in oil-gas-bearing Formations.Nedra Publ.,Moscow,1～215.
Wet miller R J.1986.Earthquakes near Rocky Mountain House,Alberta,and their relationship to gas production facilities.Can.J.Earth,2(23):172～181.
Wilkinson D.1984.Percolation model of i mmiscible displacement inthe presence of buoyancy forces.Physical Review,30:520～531.
Wu Qilin,Liu Anjie.1983.Anomalous variations in production oilwells before and after the great Haicheng and Tangshanearthquake.Acta Seismologica Sinica,5(4):461～466(inChinese with Enlish abstract).
Xu Shouyu,Sun Wanhua.The mechanismof anomaly producedfluidof well and warning signs of earthquake.PetroleumExplorationand Development,30(4):98～99.
Zeng Jianhui,Jin Zhijun.2000.Physical modeling of secondary oilmigration and accumulation.Beijing:Petroleum IndustryPress,1～243(in Chinese).
Zhang Peizhen,Gan Weijun,Shen Zhengkang,et al.2005.A couplingmodel of rigid-block movement andcontinuous deformation:patternsof the present-day deformation of China’s continent andits vicinity.Acta Geologica Sinica,78(6):748～756.
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