河西走廊西段及邻区主要断裂(一)——晚新生代逆断层与走滑断层的地震剖面解释
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摘要
基于地震剖面解释的构造分析表明 ,河西走廊西段及邻区发育有许多晚第三纪 第四纪的逆断层与走滑断层 .其主要类型有两种 :一是与北祁连逆冲推覆作用有关的南倾逆断层 ,其走向北西 ,主要分布于北祁连山东北缘及河西走廊西南部地区 ;二是与阿尔金断裂活动有关的逆断层与走滑断层 ,主要分布于红柳峡、宽台山—合黎山地区 .这些断层与新生代始新世末期以来印 藏碰撞的远距离效应有关 .它们于晚第三纪开始活动 ,主要活动于第四纪时期 ,而且大多目前仍在活动 ,属于活动性断层 ,是河西走廊地区地震的潜发因素 .此外 ,它们还造成了地层的强烈变形 ,形成了一系列的地貌阶地和河流的水平错移 .
The structural analysis based on the explanation of seismic profiles indicates that a lot of thrust faults and strike-slip faults of Late Cenozoic occur in western Hexi Corridor and nearby regions. They can be divided into two types. One is the thrust faults dipping south ward and extending northwest ward, which was mainly correlated with the thrusting of northern Qilianshan and located at the northeast margin of Qilianshan and the southeastern Hexi Corridor, the other is the thrust faults and strike-slip faults that were related to the strike-slipping of Altun fault and located mainly at the regions of Hongliuxia, Kuantaishan, and Helishan that are close to the Altun fault. All these faults, which were related to the remote effects of collision between the two continents of India and Tibet during the Late Eocene and later, started to develop since the Late Tertiary and presented the features of violent thrust or strike-slip movement in Quaternary. Many of them are still active up to now and thus belong to the active faults that are the potential inducement of earthquakes in the Hexi Corridor. Moreover, a lot of intense structural deformation and many morphology phenomena such as tectonic terrace and river offset were formed under the control of these faults in Quaternary.
The structural analysis based on the explanation of seismic profiles indicates that a lot of thrust faults and strike-slip faults of Late Cenozoic occur in western Hexi Corridor and nearby regions. They can be divided into two types. One is the thrust faults dipping south ward and extending northwest ward, which was mainly correlated with the thrusting of northern Qilianshan and located at the northeast margin of Qilianshan and the southeastern Hexi Corridor, the other is the thrust faults and strike-slip faults that were related to the strike-slipping of Altun fault and located mainly at the regions of Hongliuxia, Kuantaishan, and Helishan that are close to the Altun fault. All these faults, which were related to the remote effects of collision between the two continents of India and Tibet during the Late Eocene and later, started to develop since the Late Tertiary and presented the features of violent thrust or strike-slip movement in Quaternary. Many of them are still active up to now and thus belong to the active faults that are the potential inducement of earthquakes in the Hexi Corridor. Moreover, a lot of intense structural deformation and many morphology phenomena such as tectonic terrace and river offset were formed under the control of these faults in Quaternary.
引文
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虢顺民,向宏发,黄昭.1987.河西走廊南缘断裂第四纪活动断裂的考察[A].见:中国地震学会地质专业委员会编.中国地震年鉴[C].北京:地震出版社,263～268
国家地震局地质研究所,国家地震局兰州地震研究所.1993.祁连山—河西走廊活动断裂系[M].北京:地质出版社,74～208
李有利,杨景春,李保俊,等.1997.河西走廊榆木山边缘断层构造地貌研究[J].地质力学学报,3(4):20～26
闵伟,张培震,何文贵,等.2002.酒西盆地断层活动特征及古地震研究[J].地震地质,24(1):35～44
任纪舜,姜春发,张正坤,等.1980.中国大地构造及其演化[M].北京:科学出版社,1～124
时振梁,环文林,谢原定.1982.河西走廊西部的活动断层和地震[A].见:中国地震学会地质专业委员会编.中国活动断裂[C].北京:地震出版社,212～218
潭利华,杨景春,段烽军.1998.河西走廊新生代构造运动的阶段划分[J].北京大学学报,自然科学版,34(4):523～532
向宏发,虢顺民,才树华.1988.祁连山北缘断裂带第四纪运动特征的初步研究[J].华北地震科学,6(3):1～9
向宏发,虢顺民.1990.对河西走廊玉门嘉峪关地区活动断裂的初步认识[A].见:国家地震局地质研究所编.现代地壳运动研究[C].北京:地震出版社,139～145
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