无拉伸动校正技术在近海工程地震勘探中的应用
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摘要
动校正是地震资料处理的关键内容之一,直接关系到地震资料处理结果的精度.在浅层和大偏移距情况下,常规动校正使波形发生拉伸畸变,波形拉长、频带向低频方向移动,进而影响叠加效果.通常地震资料处理中大都采用切除的方法克服动校正拉伸畸变的影响,这对目的层较深时是可取的.以工程地质调查为目的的海洋地震勘探旨在了解海底之下较浅地层深度范围内的地质信息,一般勘探区水深较浅,数据叠加道数较少,如果仍然采取切除处理,势必严重影响资料的分辨率和准确度.本文阐述了一种无拉伸动校正方法,能较好地解决动校正后的波形畸变问题,理论模型和实际资料的处理结果表明该方法在近海浅层工程地震勘探中是行之有效的,有助于提高速度分析的精度和地震资料的分辨率.
In seismic data processing,normal-moveout correction is a important step for improving the accuracy of result.Conventional NMO correction generates a stretch of waveform and decreases the frequency;this is particularly harmful for shallow reflectors and large offsets.In general,the undesirable stretch effects of conventional NMO correction can be muted after a given offset,that is acceptable when the depth of strata is larger compared with offsets.However,in offshore engineering seismic prospecting,the shallow part of the sea floor is the main study area,and the depth of sea water is usually very shallow,and the number of total trace of a shot is small.In this condition,the resolution and signalto-noise rate will be decreased if the stretch is muted.In this paper,a improved non-stretch NMO method is presented here to avoid the distortion of waveform.A synthetic model and the real offshore shallow engineering seismic dataset is applied to test the validity of non-stretch NMO,and all the models illustrate a significant progress.
In seismic data processing,normal-moveout correction is a important step for improving the accuracy of result.Conventional NMO correction generates a stretch of waveform and decreases the frequency;this is particularly harmful for shallow reflectors and large offsets.In general,the undesirable stretch effects of conventional NMO correction can be muted after a given offset,that is acceptable when the depth of strata is larger compared with offsets.However,in offshore engineering seismic prospecting,the shallow part of the sea floor is the main study area,and the depth of sea water is usually very shallow,and the number of total trace of a shot is small.In this condition,the resolution and signalto-noise rate will be decreased if the stretch is muted.In this paper,a improved non-stretch NMO method is presented here to avoid the distortion of waveform.A synthetic model and the real offshore shallow engineering seismic dataset is applied to test the validity of non-stretch NMO,and all the models illustrate a significant progress.
引文
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[13]牛滨华,文鹏飞,温宁,符溪,孙春岩,李佳,孙晟.基于BSR的AVO正演估算水合物含量方法的研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(1):143~152.Niu B H,Wen P F,Wen N,Fu X,Sun C Y,Li J,Sun S.Estimation of hydrate concentration based on AVO modelingof BSR[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(1):143~152.
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[18]唐秋华,刘保华,陈永奇,周兴华,丁继胜.结合遗传算法的LVQ神经网络在声学底质分类中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(1):313~319.Tang Q H,Liu B H,Chen Y Q,Zhou X H,Ding J S.Appli-cation of LVQ neural network combined with the genetic al-gorithm in acoustic seafloor classification[J].Chinese J.Geo-phys.(in Chinese),2007,50(1):313~319.
[19]丁继才,常旭,刘伊克,汪长永.反射地震数据的逐层波形反演[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(2):574~580.Ding J C,Chang X,Liu Y K,Wang C Y.Layer by layerwaveform inversion of seismic reflection data[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(2):574~580.
[20]雷宛,尹纪超,李金玺,等.激流环境下水上地震反射法及效果[J].物探化探计算技术.2006,28(1):1~4.
[21]徐锦玺,邱燕,何京国,等,滩浅海地震勘探采集技术应用[J].地球物理学进展.2005,20(1):66~70.Xu J X,Qiu Y,He J G,et al.Seismic exploration acquisi-tion technique application of Beach shallow sea[J].Progressin Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(1):66~70.
[22]陈相府,安西峰,王高伟.浅层高分辨地震勘探在采空区勘测中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):437~439.Chen X F,An X F,Wang G W.Application of high-resolu-tion seismic detecting for undermined shallow strata[J].Pro-gress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(2):437~439.
[23]胡祥云,杨迪坤,刘少华,等.环境与工程地球物理的发展趋势[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):598~604.Hu X Y,Yang D K,Liu S H,et al.The developing trendsof environmental and engineering geophysics[J].Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(2):598~604.
[24]薛云峰,何继善,郭玉松.南水北调西线工程深埋隧道地质超前预报系统研究的思考[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):993~997.Xue Y F,He J S,Guo Y S.Advance geological predictionsystem research used in deeply buried tunnel project of south-to-north transfer water[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chi-nese),2006,21(3):993~997.
[25]李庆春,刘金兰,丁梁波.浅层双分量地震在黄土公路地质缺陷探测中的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(4):1266~1271.LI Q c,Liu J L,Ding L B.Application of shallow multicom-ponent seismics to geological defects detecting in loess high-way[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(4):1266~1271.
[26]Perroud H,Tygel M.Nonstretch NMO[C].The 8th inter-national congress of the Brazilian geophysical society,2003,1~5.
[27]Dunkin J W,Levin F K.Effect of normal moveout on a seis-mic pulse[J].Geophysics,1973,38(4):635~642.
[2]夏洪瑞,葛川庆.邹少峰.动校拉伸现象分析及其切除[J].石油物探,2005,44(3):220~224.
[3]李秉富,魏长江.地震资料动校正拉伸畸变分析[J].青岛海洋大学学报,1994,专辑:39~44.
[4]Buchholtz,H.,A note on signal distortion due to dynamic(nmo)corrections[J].Geophys.Prosp.,1972,20(2):395~402.
[5]王进海.关于动、静校正的思考[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,(S1):18~32
[6]何现启,朱自强.地震资料动校正拉伸畸变分析及处理方法[A].当代矿山地质地球物理新进展[C],2004.
[7]赵波,史政军,消除动校正拉伸影响的方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995,30(3):417~421.
[8]Rupert,G.B.,and Chun,J.H.,The block move sum nor-mal moveout correction[J].Geophysics.,1975,40(1):17~24.
[9]Shatilo A,Aminzadeh F.Constant normal-moveout(CNMO)correction:a technique and test results[J].Geophys.Prosp.,2000,48(3),473~488.
[10]王鑫,陈新荣.分偏移距动校正技术[J].石油物探,2003,42(2):212~214.
[11]史付生,王勇.时移动校正和叠加方法[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2000,25(1):93~97.
[12]刘洋,魏修成.基于线性连续速度模型的速度分析与动校正方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(5):71~74.
[13]牛滨华,文鹏飞,温宁,符溪,孙春岩,李佳,孙晟.基于BSR的AVO正演估算水合物含量方法的研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(1):143~152.Niu B H,Wen P F,Wen N,Fu X,Sun C Y,Li J,Sun S.Estimation of hydrate concentration based on AVO modelingof BSR[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(1):143~152.
[14]李春峰,Christopher Liner.基于小波多尺度分析的奇性指数:一种新地震属性[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(4):882~888.Li C F,Christopher Liner.Singularity exponent from wave-let-based multiscale analysis:A new seismic attribute[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(4):882~888.
[15]李景叶,陈小宏,郝振江,芮振华.多波时移地震AVO反演研究[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(4):902~908.Li J Y,Chen X H,Hao Z J,Rui Z H.A study on multipletime-lapse seismic AVO inversion[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(4):902~908.
[16]张三宗,徐义贤.地震记录小波域高阶相关叠加技术[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):554~560.Zhang S Z,Xu Y X.Higher-order correlative stacking forseismic data in the wavelet domain[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(2):554~560.
[17]陈生昌,马在田.广义地震数据合成及其偏移成像[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1144~1149.Chen S C,Ma Z T.Generalized synthesis of seismic data andits migration[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(4):1144~1149.
[18]唐秋华,刘保华,陈永奇,周兴华,丁继胜.结合遗传算法的LVQ神经网络在声学底质分类中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(1):313~319.Tang Q H,Liu B H,Chen Y Q,Zhou X H,Ding J S.Appli-cation of LVQ neural network combined with the genetic al-gorithm in acoustic seafloor classification[J].Chinese J.Geo-phys.(in Chinese),2007,50(1):313~319.
[19]丁继才,常旭,刘伊克,汪长永.反射地震数据的逐层波形反演[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(2):574~580.Ding J C,Chang X,Liu Y K,Wang C Y.Layer by layerwaveform inversion of seismic reflection data[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(2):574~580.
[20]雷宛,尹纪超,李金玺,等.激流环境下水上地震反射法及效果[J].物探化探计算技术.2006,28(1):1~4.
[21]徐锦玺,邱燕,何京国,等,滩浅海地震勘探采集技术应用[J].地球物理学进展.2005,20(1):66~70.Xu J X,Qiu Y,He J G,et al.Seismic exploration acquisi-tion technique application of Beach shallow sea[J].Progressin Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(1):66~70.
[22]陈相府,安西峰,王高伟.浅层高分辨地震勘探在采空区勘测中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):437~439.Chen X F,An X F,Wang G W.Application of high-resolu-tion seismic detecting for undermined shallow strata[J].Pro-gress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(2):437~439.
[23]胡祥云,杨迪坤,刘少华,等.环境与工程地球物理的发展趋势[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):598~604.Hu X Y,Yang D K,Liu S H,et al.The developing trendsof environmental and engineering geophysics[J].Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(2):598~604.
[24]薛云峰,何继善,郭玉松.南水北调西线工程深埋隧道地质超前预报系统研究的思考[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):993~997.Xue Y F,He J S,Guo Y S.Advance geological predictionsystem research used in deeply buried tunnel project of south-to-north transfer water[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chi-nese),2006,21(3):993~997.
[25]李庆春,刘金兰,丁梁波.浅层双分量地震在黄土公路地质缺陷探测中的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(4):1266~1271.LI Q c,Liu J L,Ding L B.Application of shallow multicom-ponent seismics to geological defects detecting in loess high-way[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(4):1266~1271.
[26]Perroud H,Tygel M.Nonstretch NMO[C].The 8th inter-national congress of the Brazilian geophysical society,2003,1~5.
[27]Dunkin J W,Levin F K.Effect of normal moveout on a seis-mic pulse[J].Geophysics,1973,38(4):635~642.
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