井间地震弹性波传播特征数值模拟
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摘要
采用弹性波方程数值模拟和Zoeppritz方程解相结合的方式,研究了井间地震固-固界面上以及低速和高速夹层中弹性波场特征及传播规律。给出了井间地震弹性波的主要类型,其中包含一种特殊面波,该面波由激发井和接收井内的地层界面处产生的二次源形成,并说明了反射波以广角反射占优势;利用正演模拟记录对广角反射现象进行了分析,得出了在临界角处广角反射波的振幅、相位突变,极性反转,这与反射系数变为复数相对应;提出利用临界反射波特征和临界反射点位置来确定地层速度。震源在高速夹层中激发时,其中传播的弹性波场简单;而在低速夹层中,则弹性波场非常复杂。低速夹层中的导波存在明显的频散现象,其振幅和频率与低速层的速度和厚度密切相关。提出利用导波可以确定低速层的横向变化和连通性。
Based on the combination of numerical simulation of the elastic wave equation with Zoeppritz equations,the authors studied characteristics and regularity of elastic wave propagation in solid-solid interface and high and low velocity interlayers between wells.The main types of elastic waves were classified,including a specific type of surface wave produced by secondary source formed in the interface between the source well and the receiver well.It is also found that the predominant reflection waves are wide angle refection.The authors analysed he wide angle reflection phenomena by forward simulation of seismic records and thus obtained the results of amplitude and phase sharp changes as well as polarity inversion of wide angle reflections at the critical angle point,corresponding to the change of the reflection coefficients into the complex numbers.Furthermore,the determination of layer velocities by reflection characteristics of the critical angle reflections and the reflection point was suggested.The elastic wave fields formed are simple when the source is located in the high velocity interlayer,whereas the elastic wave fields formed become complicated when the source is located in the low velocity interlayer.The guide waves show obvious dispersion when they are propagated in the low velocity interlayer and their amplitude and frequency are closely related to the velocity and thickness of the low velocity interlayer.The lateral changes and connectivity of the low velocity layer can be estimated by the guide waves.
Based on the combination of numerical simulation of the elastic wave equation with Zoeppritz equations,the authors studied characteristics and regularity of elastic wave propagation in solid-solid interface and high and low velocity interlayers between wells.The main types of elastic waves were classified,including a specific type of surface wave produced by secondary source formed in the interface between the source well and the receiver well.It is also found that the predominant reflection waves are wide angle refection.The authors analysed he wide angle reflection phenomena by forward simulation of seismic records and thus obtained the results of amplitude and phase sharp changes as well as polarity inversion of wide angle reflections at the critical angle point,corresponding to the change of the reflection coefficients into the complex numbers.Furthermore,the determination of layer velocities by reflection characteristics of the critical angle reflections and the reflection point was suggested.The elastic wave fields formed are simple when the source is located in the high velocity interlayer,whereas the elastic wave fields formed become complicated when the source is located in the low velocity interlayer.The guide waves show obvious dispersion when they are propagated in the low velocity interlayer and their amplitude and frequency are closely related to the velocity and thickness of the low velocity interlayer.The lateral changes and connectivity of the low velocity layer can be estimated by the guide waves.
引文
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[2]裴正林.井间地震层析成像研究的现状与趋势[J].地球物理学进展,2001,16(3).
[3]曹辉.井间地震技术发展现状[J].勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(6).
[4]张碧星,鲁来玉.层状半空间中导波的传播[J].声学学报,2002(4).
[5]程增庆,吴奕峰,于振清.孔间地震剖面法中薄层的广角反射地球物理特征[J].地质论评,1989(3).
[6]谢海兵,马在田,王燕琨.井间地震Love型导波传播特征研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998(1).
[7]李德春.储层中的导波[J].物探化探计算技术,1999(4).
[8]牟永光,裴正林.三维复杂介质地震数值模拟[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2005.
[9]何兵寿,张会星,崔小芹.转换波精确无迭代速度分析[J].物探与化探,2005,29(5):443.
[10]乐友喜,曾有良.多项式的井间地震速度场反演方法[J].物探与化探,2006,30(2):169.
[11]王建军,廖全涛,曹建伟,等.应用井间CT探测某桥墩基础断裂[J].物探与化探,2006,30(2):186.
[12]孔庆丰,左建军,魏国华,等.井间地震资料处理方法研究与应用[J].物探与化探,2006,30(6):533.
[13]汪兴旺,杨勤海,孙党生,等.岩溶探测中井间地震波层析成像的应用[J].物探与化探,2008,32(1):105.
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