地震与活动断裂空间关系的三维可视化建模
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摘要
在回顾国内学者利用2D GIS空间分析功能研究地震与活动断裂关系的基础上,认为利用3D GIS更能准确地分析地震与活动断裂之间的三维空间关系。采用中国地震活动断层探测技术系统设计的数据结构,在ArcGIS下构建了三维断层模型,尝试性地提出了基于三维断层模型的三维空间缓冲区模型;并利用向量判别法实现了三维缓冲区的空间分析,进而实现了地震与活动断裂三维空间关系的分析方法,基于该模型对太原市区内主要断裂与地震的空间分布关系进行了初步定量分析研究。
Nowadays,as the information is highly advanced,the visualization in scientific computing(VISC)is developing rapidly and the three-dimensional Geographic Information System(3D GIS) also becomes one of the hot topics of GIS research.The 3D geological modeling,which is closely related to the VISC and 3D GIS,has drawn more and more attention of domestic and foreign experts and scholars; it has been highly desirable to resolve the complex geological problems in a 3D space.In view of the above research topic and combining the project of Taiyuan Active fault Survey and Seismic Risk Assessment,the 3D space database of shallow seismic survey is established based on the detailed analysis and sorting of a large amount of exploration data in this paper.The algorithm of the3D geological model is also designed by use of ArcGIS's powerful 3D displaying function,and then the program is developed using the AOVAB.Based on the 3D geological modeling technology which combines the VISC and 3D GIS,the 3D geological visualization model is developed for the Quaternary stratigraphic sections and fault profiles within the Taiyuan active fault survey area,and the 3D buffer model is also tried to be established under the ArcGIS environment in view of the 3D fault model.The statistical analysis of active fault data and seismic data is carried out,and the relationship between active faults and spatial distribution of earthquakes is studied.This study accomplished the 3D geological model for the Quaternary stratigraphic sections,fault profiles and 3D space buffer within the Taiyuan active fault survey area,and carried out the analysis of the relationship between faults and spatial distribution of historic earthquakes based on this model.These results have significance for theoretical and scientific studies,and can provide reference to active faults survey in other cities in the future.
Nowadays,as the information is highly advanced,the visualization in scientific computing(VISC)is developing rapidly and the three-dimensional Geographic Information System(3D GIS) also becomes one of the hot topics of GIS research.The 3D geological modeling,which is closely related to the VISC and 3D GIS,has drawn more and more attention of domestic and foreign experts and scholars; it has been highly desirable to resolve the complex geological problems in a 3D space.In view of the above research topic and combining the project of Taiyuan Active fault Survey and Seismic Risk Assessment,the 3D space database of shallow seismic survey is established based on the detailed analysis and sorting of a large amount of exploration data in this paper.The algorithm of the3D geological model is also designed by use of ArcGIS's powerful 3D displaying function,and then the program is developed using the AOVAB.Based on the 3D geological modeling technology which combines the VISC and 3D GIS,the 3D geological visualization model is developed for the Quaternary stratigraphic sections and fault profiles within the Taiyuan active fault survey area,and the 3D buffer model is also tried to be established under the ArcGIS environment in view of the 3D fault model.The statistical analysis of active fault data and seismic data is carried out,and the relationship between active faults and spatial distribution of earthquakes is studied.This study accomplished the 3D geological model for the Quaternary stratigraphic sections,fault profiles and 3D space buffer within the Taiyuan active fault survey area,and carried out the analysis of the relationship between faults and spatial distribution of historic earthquakes based on this model.These results have significance for theoretical and scientific studies,and can provide reference to active faults survey in other cities in the future.
引文
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屈春燕,叶洪.2000.利用GIS分析活动断裂与地震的相关性[J].地震研究,23(1):72—75.QU Chun-yan,YE Hong.2000.Analysis of correlation between fault and earthquake using GIS[J].Journal of Seismological Research,23(1):72—75(in Chinese).
石树中,宋立军,杨纪林,等.1998.北天山活动断裂地理信息系统的设计与应用[J].内陆地震,12(4):367—370 .SHI Shu-zhong,SONG Li-jun,YANG Ji-lin,et al.1998.Design and application of geographic information system of active faults in northern Tianshan Mountains[J].Inland Earthquake,12(4):367—370(in Chinese).
邬宁芬,周祖翼,劳秋元,等.2004.GIS支持下地震与活动断裂关系研究:以上海及邻近海域为例[J].大地构造与成矿学,28(3):248—253.WU Ning-fen,ZHOU Zu-yi,LAO Qiu-yuan,et al.2004.GIS-based study on the relationship between earthquakes and active faults in Shanghai and its adjacent offshore region[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,28(3):248—253(in Chinese).
吴立新,史文中,Christopher Gold.2003.3D GIS与3D GMS中的空间建模技术[J].地理与地理信息科学,19(1):5—11.WU Li-xin,SHI Wen-zhong,Christopher Gold.2003.Spatial modeling technologies for 3D GIS and 3D GMS[J].Geography and Geo-Information Science,19(1):5—11(in Chinese).
姚鑫,王崇倡.2006.基于ArcScene的矿床空间三维模型的建立及可视化研究[J].工程地质计算机应用,41(1):15—18.YAO Xin,WANG Chong-chang.2006.Study of 3D model and visibility for mine-bed based on ArcScene[J].Engineering Geology Computer Application,41(1):15—18(in Chinese).
于贵华,邓起东,邬伦,等.1996.利用GIS系统建立中国活动断裂信息咨询分析系统[J].地震地质,18(2):156 —160.YU Gui-hua,DENG Qi-deng,WU Lun,et al.1996.Building Chinese active fault information system using GIS system[J].Seismology and Geology,18(2):156—160(in Chinese).
张敏,李自红,刘鸿福,等.2007.基于ArcGIS的太原断陷盆地第四系三维地质建模[J].震灾防御技术,2(3):243 —248.ZHANG Min,LI Zi-hong,LIU Hong-fu,et al.2007.An ArcGIS based 3-D model of Taiyuan Graben Basin in Quaternary[J].Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention,2(3):243—248(in Chinese).
中国地震局.2005.中国地震活动断层探测技术系统技术规程[S].北京:地震出版社.China Earthquake Administration.2005.Stipulation on Technical System for China Earthquake Active Fault Surveying[S].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
刘峰,张家声,黄雄南,等.2009.利用GIS方法研究南北地震带和中央造山带交会区活动断裂与地震的关系[J].中国地震,25(4):394—404.LIU Feng,ZHANG Jia-sheng,HUANG Xiong-nan,et al.2009.Research on the relationship between active faults and earthquakes in the junction area of the China North-South Seismic Belt and Central Orogenic Belt based on GIS[J].Earthquake Research in China,25(4):394—404(in Chinese).
彭自正,赵爱平,胡翠娥,等.2002.基于GIS的江西活动断裂分布与地震活动关系研究[J].华南地震,22(4):9 —18.PENG Zi-zheng,ZHAO Ai-ping,HU Cui-e,et al.2002.Research on the relationship based on GIS between the distribution of the active faults and the seismicity in Jiangxi[J].South China Journal of Seismology,22(4):9—18(in Chinese).
屈春燕,叶洪.2000.利用GIS分析活动断裂与地震的相关性[J].地震研究,23(1):72—75.QU Chun-yan,YE Hong.2000.Analysis of correlation between fault and earthquake using GIS[J].Journal of Seismological Research,23(1):72—75(in Chinese).
石树中,宋立军,杨纪林,等.1998.北天山活动断裂地理信息系统的设计与应用[J].内陆地震,12(4):367—370 .SHI Shu-zhong,SONG Li-jun,YANG Ji-lin,et al.1998.Design and application of geographic information system of active faults in northern Tianshan Mountains[J].Inland Earthquake,12(4):367—370(in Chinese).
邬宁芬,周祖翼,劳秋元,等.2004.GIS支持下地震与活动断裂关系研究:以上海及邻近海域为例[J].大地构造与成矿学,28(3):248—253.WU Ning-fen,ZHOU Zu-yi,LAO Qiu-yuan,et al.2004.GIS-based study on the relationship between earthquakes and active faults in Shanghai and its adjacent offshore region[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,28(3):248—253(in Chinese).
吴立新,史文中,Christopher Gold.2003.3D GIS与3D GMS中的空间建模技术[J].地理与地理信息科学,19(1):5—11.WU Li-xin,SHI Wen-zhong,Christopher Gold.2003.Spatial modeling technologies for 3D GIS and 3D GMS[J].Geography and Geo-Information Science,19(1):5—11(in Chinese).
姚鑫,王崇倡.2006.基于ArcScene的矿床空间三维模型的建立及可视化研究[J].工程地质计算机应用,41(1):15—18.YAO Xin,WANG Chong-chang.2006.Study of 3D model and visibility for mine-bed based on ArcScene[J].Engineering Geology Computer Application,41(1):15—18(in Chinese).
于贵华,邓起东,邬伦,等.1996.利用GIS系统建立中国活动断裂信息咨询分析系统[J].地震地质,18(2):156 —160.YU Gui-hua,DENG Qi-deng,WU Lun,et al.1996.Building Chinese active fault information system using GIS system[J].Seismology and Geology,18(2):156—160(in Chinese).
张敏,李自红,刘鸿福,等.2007.基于ArcGIS的太原断陷盆地第四系三维地质建模[J].震灾防御技术,2(3):243 —248.ZHANG Min,LI Zi-hong,LIU Hong-fu,et al.2007.An ArcGIS based 3-D model of Taiyuan Graben Basin in Quaternary[J].Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention,2(3):243—248(in Chinese).
中国地震局.2005.中国地震活动断层探测技术系统技术规程[S].北京:地震出版社.China Earthquake Administration.2005.Stipulation on Technical System for China Earthquake Active Fault Surveying[S].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
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