地震勘探仪器主要技术性能分析及改进探讨
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摘要
通过对地震勘探仪器的主要技术性能的详细分析可以看出,无论是集中式数字地震仪还是24位Δ-∑A/D型遥测地震仪,都还记录不到大动态、高主频、宽频带的地震反射波,它们记录的中深层地震反射信号的瞬时动态范围均在60 dB左右.本文以水平层状介质的吸收衰减特性为依据,给出了智能程控型前置放大器和频谱均衡滤波器的数学模型.用智能程控型前置放大器补偿由于球面扩散所造成的振幅衰减;用频谱均衡滤波器补偿由于地层吸收所造成的振幅衰减.按此设计方案,研制真正具有大瞬时动态和高频提升功能的地震仪,对高分辨率地震勘探技术的进一步发展具有重要意义.
The detailed analysis of the main technical performance of seismic exploration instrument shows that neither the centralized digital seismograph nor the telemetry seismograph with 24-bit Δ-∑ A/D converter can record the seismic wave with large dynamic range,high dominant frequency and wide frequency band.The instantaneous dynamic range of reflection wave recorded by those instruments in the deep is about 60dB.In this paper,based on absorbing and attenual charateristics of horizontal stratified medium,the mathematical models of intelligent programmable pre-amplifier and spectrum equilibrium filter(SEF) are set up.The intelligent programmable pre-amplifier is set to compensate the amplitude attenuation casued by spherical diffusion,and SEF is set to compensate the amplitude attenuation casued by formation absorption.According to this design program,developing seismograph with large instantaneous dynamic range and high-frequency upgrade performance is significant to the further development of high resolution seismic exploration technology.
The detailed analysis of the main technical performance of seismic exploration instrument shows that neither the centralized digital seismograph nor the telemetry seismograph with 24-bit Δ-∑ A/D converter can record the seismic wave with large dynamic range,high dominant frequency and wide frequency band.The instantaneous dynamic range of reflection wave recorded by those instruments in the deep is about 60dB.In this paper,based on absorbing and attenual charateristics of horizontal stratified medium,the mathematical models of intelligent programmable pre-amplifier and spectrum equilibrium filter(SEF) are set up.The intelligent programmable pre-amplifier is set to compensate the amplitude attenuation casued by spherical diffusion,and SEF is set to compensate the amplitude attenuation casued by formation absorption.According to this design program,developing seismograph with large instantaneous dynamic range and high-frequency upgrade performance is significant to the further development of high resolution seismic exploration technology.
引文
[1]张在陆.多道遥测地震仪的新发展[J].石油物探装备,1992,2(1):11~22.
[2]钱绍湖,顾汉明.在高分辨率地震勘探中仪器为什么要加低截滤波器[J].物探装备,1998,8(1):7~13.
[3]柴书常.地震采集与仪器进化[J].石油仪器,1999,13(1):10~16.
[4]葛洪魁,等.编码震源提高地震探测能力的野外实验研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3):864~870.
[5]立早.关于发展我国物探装备技术的思考[J].物探装备,2002,12(1):11~14.
[6]滕吉文.中国地球物理仪器和实验设备研究与研制的发展与导向[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):276~281.
[7]李庆忠.地震高分辨率勘探中的误区与对策[J].石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(6):751~783.
[8]袁子龙,李婷婷.地层吸收衰减与地震仪器记录性能[J].石油物探,2004,43(5):450~452.
[9]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993,45~58.
[10]李庆忠.高分辨率地震勘探对地震仪器的技术改进要求[J].石油物探装备,1992,2(1):9~12.
[11]袁子龙,李婷婷.Δ-∑A/D转换技术及在地震勘探中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(2):300~303.
[12]陆其鹄,等.高分辨率数字地震仪的实验研究[J].地球物理学报,1996(6):860~863.
[13]陈祖传.发展适应我国需要的新一代物探仪器[J].石油仪器.1997,11(5):3~10.
[14]姚振兴,等.用于深度域地震剖面衰减与频散补偿的反Q滤波方法[J].地球物理学报,2003(2):229~233.
[15]袁子龙,张学娟,李婷婷.层状吸收介质地震反射参数的计算[J].大庆石油学院学报,2005,29(3):4~9.
[16]袁子龙,庄红艳.高分辨率地震数据采集系统的低切滤波器[J].仪器仪表学报,2003,24(3):297~308.
[17]湘赣.地震勘探仪器的现状与发展[J].物探装备,2001,11(1):1~8.
[18]袁子龙,胡亚华,曹广华.高分辨率地震数据采集中的高频补偿[J].大庆石油学院学报,2002,26(3):9~11.
[19]Jan Jack.Seismic System 2000,The Leading Edge[J].1996,15(10):1126~1128.
[20]李振春,王清振.地震波衰减机理及能量补偿研究综述[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(4):1147~1152.
[21]徐涛,等.地球介质自组织性对地震波走时和振幅的影响[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1174~1181.
[22]袁子龙,李婷婷.反射波振幅谱特征与地震仪前置放大器设计[J].仪器仪表学报,2006,27(3):137~140.
[23]董敏煜.地震勘探[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2000,180~183.
[2]钱绍湖,顾汉明.在高分辨率地震勘探中仪器为什么要加低截滤波器[J].物探装备,1998,8(1):7~13.
[3]柴书常.地震采集与仪器进化[J].石油仪器,1999,13(1):10~16.
[4]葛洪魁,等.编码震源提高地震探测能力的野外实验研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3):864~870.
[5]立早.关于发展我国物探装备技术的思考[J].物探装备,2002,12(1):11~14.
[6]滕吉文.中国地球物理仪器和实验设备研究与研制的发展与导向[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):276~281.
[7]李庆忠.地震高分辨率勘探中的误区与对策[J].石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(6):751~783.
[8]袁子龙,李婷婷.地层吸收衰减与地震仪器记录性能[J].石油物探,2004,43(5):450~452.
[9]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993,45~58.
[10]李庆忠.高分辨率地震勘探对地震仪器的技术改进要求[J].石油物探装备,1992,2(1):9~12.
[11]袁子龙,李婷婷.Δ-∑A/D转换技术及在地震勘探中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(2):300~303.
[12]陆其鹄,等.高分辨率数字地震仪的实验研究[J].地球物理学报,1996(6):860~863.
[13]陈祖传.发展适应我国需要的新一代物探仪器[J].石油仪器.1997,11(5):3~10.
[14]姚振兴,等.用于深度域地震剖面衰减与频散补偿的反Q滤波方法[J].地球物理学报,2003(2):229~233.
[15]袁子龙,张学娟,李婷婷.层状吸收介质地震反射参数的计算[J].大庆石油学院学报,2005,29(3):4~9.
[16]袁子龙,庄红艳.高分辨率地震数据采集系统的低切滤波器[J].仪器仪表学报,2003,24(3):297~308.
[17]湘赣.地震勘探仪器的现状与发展[J].物探装备,2001,11(1):1~8.
[18]袁子龙,胡亚华,曹广华.高分辨率地震数据采集中的高频补偿[J].大庆石油学院学报,2002,26(3):9~11.
[19]Jan Jack.Seismic System 2000,The Leading Edge[J].1996,15(10):1126~1128.
[20]李振春,王清振.地震波衰减机理及能量补偿研究综述[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(4):1147~1152.
[21]徐涛,等.地球介质自组织性对地震波走时和振幅的影响[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1174~1181.
[22]袁子龙,李婷婷.反射波振幅谱特征与地震仪前置放大器设计[J].仪器仪表学报,2006,27(3):137~140.
[23]董敏煜.地震勘探[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2000,180~183.
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