基于Rayleigh积分的聚焦束估算层状介质的三维地震观测系统分辨率
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摘要
通过对聚焦束计算过程的简化,用Rayleigh积分实现了三维层状介质的三维观测系统聚焦束的计算.(1)用目标点处激发的地表响应代替CFP道集的形成;(2)用单频谐波计算代替全频率范围的计算;(3)用插入虚拟界面的方法实现了起伏界面的Rayleigh积分波场外推.此三点改进实现了在微机上进行三维层状介质的聚焦束计算,从而估算出三维观测系统的分辨率.此项研究对于三维观测系统的优化设计具有指导作用.
With simplifying the process of calculating a double focal beam,the focal beam of 3D acquisition geometry for 3D layer model is calculated by using Rayleigh integral.There are several simplifications:(1) The response of the target point at the surface substitutes calculating CFP gather.(2) The response of the peak frequency of the wavelet substitutes the full range spectra response.(3) The wave-field extrapolation and continuation with Rayleigh integral in rough interface models is achieved by inserting virtual interfaces.These improvements make it feasible to implement the focal beam calculation of 3D layer model on a micro-computer system.So the resolution of 3D geometry could be assessed.This research could guide the optimum design of 3D geometry.
With simplifying the process of calculating a double focal beam,the focal beam of 3D acquisition geometry for 3D layer model is calculated by using Rayleigh integral.There are several simplifications:(1) The response of the target point at the surface substitutes calculating CFP gather.(2) The response of the peak frequency of the wavelet substitutes the full range spectra response.(3) The wave-field extrapolation and continuation with Rayleigh integral in rough interface models is achieved by inserting virtual interfaces.These improvements make it feasible to implement the focal beam calculation of 3D layer model on a micro-computer system.So the resolution of 3D geometry could be assessed.This research could guide the optimum design of 3D geometry.
引文
[1] Berkhout A J.Seismic migration:Imaging of acoustic energy by wavefield extrapolation[M].Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.,1985．
[2] Berkhout A J.Pushing the limits of seismic imaging,Part I:Prestack migration in terms of double dynamic focusing[J].Geophysics,1997,62(3) :937～954．
[3] Berkhout A J.Pushing the limits of seismic imaging,Part II:Integration of prestack migration,velocity estimation,and AVO analysis[J].Geophysics,1997,62(3) :954～969．
[4] Berkhout A J,Ongkiehong L.Analysis of seismic acquisition geometries by focal beams[A].In:68th annual Mtg.SEG Expanded abstracts[C],1998,82～85．
[5] Volker A W F,Blacquiere G,Ongkiehong L.Optimization of 3-D data acquisition geometries [A].In:68th annual Mtg.SEG Expanded abstracts[C],1998,86～89．
[8] Volker A W F,et al.Analysis and optimization of 3-D seismic acquisition geometries by focal beams[A].In:70th annual Mtg.SEG Expanded abstracts[C],2000,68～71．
[6] Berkhout A J.CFP technology,new opportunities in seismic processing[A].In:70th annual Mtg.Soc.SEG Expanded abstracts [C],2000,P778～781．
[7] Berkhout A J,Ongkiehong L.Comprehensive assessment of seismic acquisition geometries by focal beams-part I:Theoretical considerations[J].Geophysics,2001,66(3) :911 ～917．
[8] Volker A W F,Blacquiere G.Comprehensive assessment of seismic acquisition geometries by focal beamspart II:Practical aspects and examples[J].Geophysics,2001,66(3) :918～931．
[9] Volker A W F.Assessment of 3-D seismic acquisition geometries by focal beam analysis[D].The Netherlands:Delft University ofTechnology,2002．
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[11] Cao W P,Di B R,Gu P C,Migration spatial resolution estimation algorithm for stratified medium with focal beams [A].In:74th annual Mtg.SEG Expanded abstracts [C],2004,2200～2203．
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[13] 狄帮让,曹卫平,顾培成.不同介质模型的双聚焦计算方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(2) :123～128． Di B R,Cao W P,Gu P C.The focal beam method for various media[J].Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,2006,41(2) :123～128．
[14] 徐秀刚,李振春,吕彬.基于波动方程的共聚焦点成像技术[J].石油物探,2007,46(4) :329～334． Xu X G,Li Z C,Lv B.Imaging technology of common focal point based on wave equation[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2007,46(4) :329～334．
[15] 熊晓军,贺振华,文晓涛,黄德济.基于波动方程的地震观测系统设计方法研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2007,36(1) :132～ 136． Xiong X J,He Z H,Wen X T,Huang D J.Design of seismic layout based on a wave equation [j].Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,2007,36 (1) ,132 ～ 136．
[16] 魏伟,符力耘,蒋韬.复杂构造三维地震观测系统设计的共聚焦分辨率分析[J].地球物理学报,2009(5) :1310～1317． Wei W,Fu L Y,Jiang T.Resolution analysis of seismic acquisition geometries by focal beams in 3D complicated media [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009(5) :1310～1317．
[17] Keho T H,Beydoun W B.Paraxial ray Kirchhoff migration [J].Geophysics,1988,53(12) :1540～1546．
[18] 狄帮让,顾培成.地震偏移成像分辨率的定量分析[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2005,29(5) :23～27,32． Di B R,Gu P C.Quantitative analysis of resolution of seismic migration imaging [J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China (Edition of Natural Science),2005,29 (5) ..23～27,32．
[19] 张付生,马义忠,王帮助,陈亚强.泌阳凹陷新庄地区高密度三维地震资料采集方法研究[J].石油物探,2009,48(6) :615～620． ZhangFS,MaYZ,WangBaZ,ChenY Q.Study of high density 3D seismic data acquisition method for Xin-zhuang Area in Bi-yang Depression[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2009,48(6) :615～620．
[20] 马义忠,魏伟,孙伟佳.南阳凹陷高精度三维地震采集观测系统设计[J].石油物探,2008,47(5) ;498～504． Ma Y Z,Wei W,Sun W J.High precision 3D seismic acquisition geometry design for Nan-yang depression [J].Geophysical Prospeetion for Petroleum,2008,47 (5) :498 ～ 504．
[21] Veldhuizen E J V,Blacqui6re G,Berkhout A J.Acquisition geometry analysis in complex 3D media[J].Geophysics,2008,73(5) :43～58．
[22] Veldhuizen E] V.Integrated approach to 3-D seismic acquisition geometry analysis[D].The Netherlands:Delft University of Technology,2006．
[23] Al-Ali M N.Land seismic data acquisition and preprocessing [D].Then Netherlands:Delft University of Technology,2007．
[2] Berkhout A J.Pushing the limits of seismic imaging,Part I:Prestack migration in terms of double dynamic focusing[J].Geophysics,1997,62(3) :937～954．
[3] Berkhout A J.Pushing the limits of seismic imaging,Part II:Integration of prestack migration,velocity estimation,and AVO analysis[J].Geophysics,1997,62(3) :954～969．
[4] Berkhout A J,Ongkiehong L.Analysis of seismic acquisition geometries by focal beams[A].In:68th annual Mtg.SEG Expanded abstracts[C],1998,82～85．
[5] Volker A W F,Blacquiere G,Ongkiehong L.Optimization of 3-D data acquisition geometries [A].In:68th annual Mtg.SEG Expanded abstracts[C],1998,86～89．
[8] Volker A W F,et al.Analysis and optimization of 3-D seismic acquisition geometries by focal beams[A].In:70th annual Mtg.SEG Expanded abstracts[C],2000,68～71．
[6] Berkhout A J.CFP technology,new opportunities in seismic processing[A].In:70th annual Mtg.Soc.SEG Expanded abstracts [C],2000,P778～781．
[7] Berkhout A J,Ongkiehong L.Comprehensive assessment of seismic acquisition geometries by focal beams-part I:Theoretical considerations[J].Geophysics,2001,66(3) :911 ～917．
[8] Volker A W F,Blacquiere G.Comprehensive assessment of seismic acquisition geometries by focal beamspart II:Practical aspects and examples[J].Geophysics,2001,66(3) :918～931．
[9] Volker A W F.Assessment of 3-D seismic acquisition geometries by focal beam analysis[D].The Netherlands:Delft University ofTechnology,2002．
[10] Veldhuizen E J V.Acquisition geometry analysis using quantitative measures for image quality[A].In:73th annual Mtg.SEG Expanded abstracts [C],2003,2148～2151．
[11] Cao W P,Di B R,Gu P C,Migration spatial resolution estimation algorithm for stratified medium with focal beams [A].In:74th annual Mtg.SEG Expanded abstracts [C],2004,2200～2203．
[12] 狄帮让,王长春,顾培成,倪成洲.三维观测系统优化设计的双聚焦方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(5) :463～469． Di B R,Wang C C,Gu P C,Ni C Z.The focal beam method for optimized designing 3D geometry [J].Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,2003,38(5) :463～469．
[13] 狄帮让,曹卫平,顾培成.不同介质模型的双聚焦计算方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(2) :123～128． Di B R,Cao W P,Gu P C.The focal beam method for various media[J].Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,2006,41(2) :123～128．
[14] 徐秀刚,李振春,吕彬.基于波动方程的共聚焦点成像技术[J].石油物探,2007,46(4) :329～334． Xu X G,Li Z C,Lv B.Imaging technology of common focal point based on wave equation[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2007,46(4) :329～334．
[15] 熊晓军,贺振华,文晓涛,黄德济.基于波动方程的地震观测系统设计方法研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2007,36(1) :132～ 136． Xiong X J,He Z H,Wen X T,Huang D J.Design of seismic layout based on a wave equation [j].Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,2007,36 (1) ,132 ～ 136．
[16] 魏伟,符力耘,蒋韬.复杂构造三维地震观测系统设计的共聚焦分辨率分析[J].地球物理学报,2009(5) :1310～1317． Wei W,Fu L Y,Jiang T.Resolution analysis of seismic acquisition geometries by focal beams in 3D complicated media [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009(5) :1310～1317．
[17] Keho T H,Beydoun W B.Paraxial ray Kirchhoff migration [J].Geophysics,1988,53(12) :1540～1546．
[18] 狄帮让,顾培成.地震偏移成像分辨率的定量分析[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2005,29(5) :23～27,32． Di B R,Gu P C.Quantitative analysis of resolution of seismic migration imaging [J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China (Edition of Natural Science),2005,29 (5) ..23～27,32．
[19] 张付生,马义忠,王帮助,陈亚强.泌阳凹陷新庄地区高密度三维地震资料采集方法研究[J].石油物探,2009,48(6) :615～620． ZhangFS,MaYZ,WangBaZ,ChenY Q.Study of high density 3D seismic data acquisition method for Xin-zhuang Area in Bi-yang Depression[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2009,48(6) :615～620．
[20] 马义忠,魏伟,孙伟佳.南阳凹陷高精度三维地震采集观测系统设计[J].石油物探,2008,47(5) ;498～504． Ma Y Z,Wei W,Sun W J.High precision 3D seismic acquisition geometry design for Nan-yang depression [J].Geophysical Prospeetion for Petroleum,2008,47 (5) :498 ～ 504．
[21] Veldhuizen E J V,Blacqui6re G,Berkhout A J.Acquisition geometry analysis in complex 3D media[J].Geophysics,2008,73(5) :43～58．
[22] Veldhuizen E] V.Integrated approach to 3-D seismic acquisition geometry analysis[D].The Netherlands:Delft University of Technology,2006．
[23] Al-Ali M N.Land seismic data acquisition and preprocessing [D].Then Netherlands:Delft University of Technology,2007．
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