软弱场地的地震动效应研究
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摘要
软弱场地的地震动效应问题一直是工程地震学的研究重点。本文所说的软弱场地主要对应场地分类中的Ⅳ类场地,覆盖层较厚并含有软弱土夹层,以天津滨海地区为主要代表。研究表明,场地土本身对地震动具有放大作用,而软夹层具有减震作用,含软夹层的软弱场地对地震动参数的影响可以认为是场地土和软夹层对地震动参数的影响共同叠加的结果。叠加的结果将使其具有不同于其他场地的特点。本文选取了天津滨海地区不同地点的钻孔实例来进行计算,说明这类场地对地震动参数的影响。从计算的结果看,对地表峰值加速度而言,含软夹层的软弱场地的放大系数要小于其他类别场地的放大系数,而且在输入地震动较小时相对于地震动输入是放大作用;在输入地震动峰值较大时,表现为减震作用。对反应谱的特征周期而言,场地越软,反应谱越宽,特征周期值越大,而且随着输入峰值加速度的增加,特征周期也增加。对反应谱平台值来说,场地的影响并不显著。
The ground motion effects of soft site have been the focus of research on engineering seismology.The soft site in this article refers to class IV venues of the site category,with very thick covering and containing soft interlayer.The Tianjin Coastal area is representative of this kind of site.Studies have shown that site soil has an amplifying effect on ground motion,while the soft interlayer has a damping effect.The impact of soft site with soft interlayer on the ground motion parameters is considered the superposition of the effects of soft site soil and soft interlayer.The result of superposition is that they have different features from other sites.This article chooses drilling examples from Tianjin coastal area to illustrate the ground motion parameters of this kind of site.From the result of the calculation,for the peak acceleration,the amplification factor of soft site is less than other types of site,and when the input ground motion is small,the effect of site is amplifying; but when the input ground motion is large,the soft site can cause a damping effect.As for the characteristic periods of response spectra,the softer is the site,the wider is the response spectrum,the larger the value of characteristic period,and with the input peak acceleration increasing,the characteristic period is also increased.Moreover,with the increase of the input peak acceleration,the characteristic period is also increased.For the response spectrum platform value,the influence of the site is not significant.
The ground motion effects of soft site have been the focus of research on engineering seismology.The soft site in this article refers to class IV venues of the site category,with very thick covering and containing soft interlayer.The Tianjin Coastal area is representative of this kind of site.Studies have shown that site soil has an amplifying effect on ground motion,while the soft interlayer has a damping effect.The impact of soft site with soft interlayer on the ground motion parameters is considered the superposition of the effects of soft site soil and soft interlayer.The result of superposition is that they have different features from other sites.This article chooses drilling examples from Tianjin coastal area to illustrate the ground motion parameters of this kind of site.From the result of the calculation,for the peak acceleration,the amplification factor of soft site is less than other types of site,and when the input ground motion is small,the effect of site is amplifying; but when the input ground motion is large,the soft site can cause a damping effect.As for the characteristic periods of response spectra,the softer is the site,the wider is the response spectrum,the larger the value of characteristic period,and with the input peak acceleration increasing,the characteristic period is also increased.Moreover,with the increase of the input peak acceleration,the characteristic period is also increased.For the response spectrum platform value,the influence of the site is not significant.
引文
薄景山,李秀领,刘红帅等.2003a.土层结构对地表加速度反应谱的影响.中国土木工程学会第九届土力学及岩土工程学术会议论文集.北京:35～44.
薄景山,李秀领,刘德东等.2003b.土层结构对反应谱特征周期的影响.地震工程与工程振动,23(5):42～45.
薄景山,李秀领,刘德东等.2003c.土层结构对反应谱平台值的影响.地震工程与工程振动,23(4):29～33.
薄景山,李秀领,刘红帅.2003d.土层结构对地表加速度峰值的影响.地震工程与工程振动,23(3):35～40.
薄景山,李秀领,李山有.2003e.场地条件对地震动影响研究的若干进展.世界地震工程,19(2):11～15.
薄景山,吴兆营,翟庆生.2004a.三种土层结构反应谱平台值的统计分析.地震工程与工程振动,24(2):23～28.
薄景山,吴兆营,翟庆生.2004b.三种土层结构反应谱特征周期的统计分析.地震工程与工程振动,24(3):124～129,23～28.
薄景山,翟庆生,吴兆营等.2004c.基于土层结构的场地分类方法.地震工程与工程振动,24(4):46～49.
薄景山,翟庆生,刘红帅等.2004d.场地分类及其在我国的演变.自然灾害学报,13(3):44～49.
陈国兴,陈继华.2004.软弱土层的厚度及埋深对深厚软弱场地地震效应的影响.世界地震工程,20(3):66～73.
窦立军,杨柏坡.2001.场地分类新方法的研究.地震工程与工程振动,21(4):10～17.
冯希杰,金学申.2001.场地土对基岩峰值加速度放大效应分析.工程地质学报,9(4):385～388.
高孟潭,陈学良,俞言祥等.2008.“5.12”汶川8.0级地震汉源烈度异常机理的初步探讨.震灾防御技术,3(3):216～223.
郭子雄,吕西林.1999.国际上主要抗震规范的设计反应谱比较.工程力学,增刊:538～544.
胡聿贤,袁晓铭,李小军等.1999a.地震安全性评价技术教程.北京:地震出版社,356.
胡聿贤,周锡元.1999b.地震工程的跨世纪发展趋势.工程抗震,(1):2～9.
黄玉龙,郭迅,袁一凡等.2000.软泥夹层对香港软土场地地震反应的影响.自然灾害学报,9(1):109～106.
李小军,彭青,刘文忠.2001b.设计地震动参数确定中的场地影响考虑.世界地震工程,17(4):34～41.
李小军,彭青.2001a.不同类别场地地震动参数的计算分析.地震工程与工程振动,21(1):29～36.
李智毅,杨裕云.1994.工程地质学概论.北京:中国地质大学出版社,108.
廖振鹏.1996.工程波动理论导论.北京:科学出版社,46.
吕红山,赵凤新.2007.适用于中国场地分类的地震动反应谱放大系数.地震学报,29(1):67～76.
吕悦军,彭艳菊,施春花等.2008.渤海海底表层软弱土特征及其对地震动的影响.防灾减灾工程学报,28(3):368～374.
吕悦军,唐荣余,彭艳菊.2004.烟台海岸软土场地特征及对地震动参数的影响.中国地震,20(4):323～329.
彭艳菊,唐荣余,吕悦军等.2004.天津滨海场地土类别特征及其对地震动的影响.地震工程与工程振动,24(2):46～52.
钱国胜.1994.软土夹层地基场地土层地震反应特性的研究.工程抗震,3(1):32～35.
杨伟林.2004.厚软场地的地震动特征及设计反应谱研究.防灾减灾工程学报,24(4):406～411.
袁丽侠.2003.场地土对地震波的放大效应.世界地震工程,19(1):113～120.
中华人民共和国建设部,2001.国家质量监督检验检疫局.建筑抗震设计规范(GB500112-2008).北京:中国建筑工业出版.
周锡元,齐微.2006.震级、震中距和场地条件对反应谱特性影响的统计分析.北京工业大学学报,32(2):97～103.
Building Seismic Safety Council,2004.2003Edition NEHRP Recommended Provisions for the Development ofSeismic Regulations for NewBuildings And Other Structures,Fema450,Part1(Provisions)And Part2(Com-mentary),Developed for the Federal Emergency Management Agency,Washington,Dc.
European Committee for Standardization,2003.Eurocode8:Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance Part1:General Rules,Seismic Actions And Rules for Buildings DRAFT No.6Version for Translation(Stage49),January2003.
薄景山,李秀领,刘德东等.2003b.土层结构对反应谱特征周期的影响.地震工程与工程振动,23(5):42～45.
薄景山,李秀领,刘德东等.2003c.土层结构对反应谱平台值的影响.地震工程与工程振动,23(4):29～33.
薄景山,李秀领,刘红帅.2003d.土层结构对地表加速度峰值的影响.地震工程与工程振动,23(3):35～40.
薄景山,李秀领,李山有.2003e.场地条件对地震动影响研究的若干进展.世界地震工程,19(2):11～15.
薄景山,吴兆营,翟庆生.2004a.三种土层结构反应谱平台值的统计分析.地震工程与工程振动,24(2):23～28.
薄景山,吴兆营,翟庆生.2004b.三种土层结构反应谱特征周期的统计分析.地震工程与工程振动,24(3):124～129,23～28.
薄景山,翟庆生,吴兆营等.2004c.基于土层结构的场地分类方法.地震工程与工程振动,24(4):46～49.
薄景山,翟庆生,刘红帅等.2004d.场地分类及其在我国的演变.自然灾害学报,13(3):44～49.
陈国兴,陈继华.2004.软弱土层的厚度及埋深对深厚软弱场地地震效应的影响.世界地震工程,20(3):66～73.
窦立军,杨柏坡.2001.场地分类新方法的研究.地震工程与工程振动,21(4):10～17.
冯希杰,金学申.2001.场地土对基岩峰值加速度放大效应分析.工程地质学报,9(4):385～388.
高孟潭,陈学良,俞言祥等.2008.“5.12”汶川8.0级地震汉源烈度异常机理的初步探讨.震灾防御技术,3(3):216～223.
郭子雄,吕西林.1999.国际上主要抗震规范的设计反应谱比较.工程力学,增刊:538～544.
胡聿贤,袁晓铭,李小军等.1999a.地震安全性评价技术教程.北京:地震出版社,356.
胡聿贤,周锡元.1999b.地震工程的跨世纪发展趋势.工程抗震,(1):2～9.
黄玉龙,郭迅,袁一凡等.2000.软泥夹层对香港软土场地地震反应的影响.自然灾害学报,9(1):109～106.
李小军,彭青,刘文忠.2001b.设计地震动参数确定中的场地影响考虑.世界地震工程,17(4):34～41.
李小军,彭青.2001a.不同类别场地地震动参数的计算分析.地震工程与工程振动,21(1):29～36.
李智毅,杨裕云.1994.工程地质学概论.北京:中国地质大学出版社,108.
廖振鹏.1996.工程波动理论导论.北京:科学出版社,46.
吕红山,赵凤新.2007.适用于中国场地分类的地震动反应谱放大系数.地震学报,29(1):67～76.
吕悦军,彭艳菊,施春花等.2008.渤海海底表层软弱土特征及其对地震动的影响.防灾减灾工程学报,28(3):368～374.
吕悦军,唐荣余,彭艳菊.2004.烟台海岸软土场地特征及对地震动参数的影响.中国地震,20(4):323～329.
彭艳菊,唐荣余,吕悦军等.2004.天津滨海场地土类别特征及其对地震动的影响.地震工程与工程振动,24(2):46～52.
钱国胜.1994.软土夹层地基场地土层地震反应特性的研究.工程抗震,3(1):32～35.
杨伟林.2004.厚软场地的地震动特征及设计反应谱研究.防灾减灾工程学报,24(4):406～411.
袁丽侠.2003.场地土对地震波的放大效应.世界地震工程,19(1):113～120.
中华人民共和国建设部,2001.国家质量监督检验检疫局.建筑抗震设计规范(GB500112-2008).北京:中国建筑工业出版.
周锡元,齐微.2006.震级、震中距和场地条件对反应谱特性影响的统计分析.北京工业大学学报,32(2):97～103.
Building Seismic Safety Council,2004.2003Edition NEHRP Recommended Provisions for the Development ofSeismic Regulations for NewBuildings And Other Structures,Fema450,Part1(Provisions)And Part2(Com-mentary),Developed for the Federal Emergency Management Agency,Washington,Dc.
European Committee for Standardization,2003.Eurocode8:Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance Part1:General Rules,Seismic Actions And Rules for Buildings DRAFT No.6Version for Translation(Stage49),January2003.
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