火成岩区二维地震正演及照明分析技术应用
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摘要
由于海南福山凹陷表层及浅层火成岩异常发育,导致该地区多次反射波、折射波等干扰波现象非常突出,地震有效信号成像困难,地震资料分辨率、信噪比低,地震资料品质差。为了研究火成岩与地震资料品质之间的关系,针对地震目的层的反射特点,利用地震解释成果及测井资料建立地质模型,通过二维模型正演与照明分析技术研究多次波、折射波等干扰波的形成机理。通过研究分析认为:①表层风化层等低速层对地震资料高频吸收强烈,应在地表风化层下激发;②浅层火成岩是影响地震资料品质的关键因素,在浅层火成岩之下激发能获得较高品质的地震资料;③适当增加激发能量,并根据不同的地表特点调整覆盖次数来提高反射能量;④地震模型正演与照明分析技术有助于区分多次波和有效反射波,可以用来指导地震资料采集及数据处理工作。
Igneous rock is well developed in shallow layer and near-surface layer in Fushan sag of Hainan,which results in multiples and refraction waves and hampers imaging of seismic data.In order to find out the relationship between the igneous rock and seismic data quality,according to the features of target layers,we established a geological model by using seismic data interpretation results and well data,and studied the variability of the multiples and refraction waves by using forward modeling and illumination analysis.It is concluded that near-surface weathering layer absorbs much of the high frequencies in seismic waves,and shot should be conducted under the near-surface weathering layer.Shallow igneous rock is the key factor that affects the quality of seismic data.In order to get high quality seismic data,shot should be under the shallow igneous rock.Increasing the energy of shot in certain range is favorable and different folds should be adopted in different areas.Seismic forward modeling and illumination analysis are helpful for distinguishing multiples from effective reflection waves,and can be used to guide the seismic acquisition and seismic data processing.
Igneous rock is well developed in shallow layer and near-surface layer in Fushan sag of Hainan,which results in multiples and refraction waves and hampers imaging of seismic data.In order to find out the relationship between the igneous rock and seismic data quality,according to the features of target layers,we established a geological model by using seismic data interpretation results and well data,and studied the variability of the multiples and refraction waves by using forward modeling and illumination analysis.It is concluded that near-surface weathering layer absorbs much of the high frequencies in seismic waves,and shot should be conducted under the near-surface weathering layer.Shallow igneous rock is the key factor that affects the quality of seismic data.In order to get high quality seismic data,shot should be under the shallow igneous rock.Increasing the energy of shot in certain range is favorable and different folds should be adopted in different areas.Seismic forward modeling and illumination analysis are helpful for distinguishing multiples from effective reflection waves,and can be used to guide the seismic acquisition and seismic data processing.
引文
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2王勇,程金星,庞全康,等.弹性波正演技术在地震采集中的应用[J].小型油气田,2007,12(4):21~25
3石彦民,刘菊,张梅珠,等.海南福山凹陷油气勘探实践与认识[J].华南地震,2007,27(3):57~68
4孙伟家,符力耘,碗学检.基于相位编码的地震照明度分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(5):539~543
5李美俊,卢鸿,王铁冠,等.北部湾盆地福山凹陷岩浆活动与CO2成藏的关系[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(1):55~59
6龚再升.近期陆上勘探进展对近海油气勘探的启示[J].中国海上油气,2006,18(1):1~5
7石彦民,吴炜强,刘菊,等.福山凹陷浅表层火山岩对地震资料品质的影响浅析[J].华南地震,2007,27(3):9~25
8张秉良,洪汉净,史兰斌,等.琼北火山喷发物风化特征的研究与应用[J].地震地质,2003,25(3):430~435
9丁建荣,毛凤鸣,郝天珧.表层火成岩覆盖地区的表层结构调查[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):872~878
10陈生昌,马在田,吴如山.波动方程双程地下方向照明分析[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2007,35(5):681~684
11张军华,郑旭刚,王伟,等.地震采集技术新进展[J].物探化探计算技术,2007,29(5):373~380
12李万万.基于波动方程正演的地震观测系统设计[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(2):134~141
13赵殿栋,郭建,王咸彬,等.基于模型面向目标的观测系统优化设计技术[J].中国西部油气地质,2006,2(2):119~122
14尹吴海,甄文胜,魏国显,等.三维地震采集观测系统设计技术[J].勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(2):111~118
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