腾冲火山地热区地壳结构的地震学研究
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摘要
根据腾冲火山地热区实施的人工地震测深剖面资料 ,用有限差分反演和正向走时拟合方法确定了地壳二维 P波速度结构 .地壳模型显示 ,在腾冲的热海热田附近上地壳存在低速异常体 ,它与火山地热活动可能有关 .测线的二维地壳结构上显示出两条地壳断裂 :龙陵—瑞丽断裂和腾冲断裂 ,其中腾冲断裂可能切穿莫霍界面 .同时 ,根据远震波形资料反演腾冲热海热田地区的 S波速度结构 ,也显示出该地区上地壳存在 S波的低速异常 .本文从深部结构方面探讨腾冲火山的成因 .腾冲火山地热区地壳具有低 P波和 S波速度、低电阻率、高热流值和低 Q值 ,以及上地幔也具有低 P波速度的特点 .由此推测地壳内岩浆来源于上地幔 ,腾冲附近地区存在的上地壳低速度异常可与岩浆的分异作用相联系 .与地球上大多数的活动火山一样 ,腾冲火山位于移动板块之间的边界附近 ,属于“板块边界”火山
Based upon the deep seismic sounding profile conducted in the Tengchong volcano-geothermal area, a two-dimensional crustal P velocity structure is obtained by use of the finite-difference inversion and the forward travel-time fitting method. The crustal model shows that there is a low velocity abnormal body in upper crust in the Tengchong area, which may be related with volcano-geothermal activities, and two intracrustal faults (the Longling-Ruili fault and Tengchong fault) exist on the profile, where the Tengchong fault may cut through the Moho discontinuity. Meanwhile, in view of teleseismic data recorded by the mobile network, S-wave velocity structures beneath the Rehai-Retian region of the Tengchong area show the low S-wave velocity anomaly in upper crust. The authors discuss the genesis of Tengchong volcano based on the deep crustal structure. The crust of Tengchong volcano-geothermal area is characterized by low P-wave and S-wave velocity, low resistivity, high heat-flow value and low Q value. There is also a feature of low P-wave velocity in the upper mantle. For this information, it can be induced that the magma in the crust is derived from the upper mantle, and the low velocity abnormal in upper crust in the Tengchong area may be related to the differentiation of magma. Like many other active volcanoes on the earth, the Tengchong volcano is close to an active plate boundary and belongs to ″plate boundary″ volcano.
Based upon the deep seismic sounding profile conducted in the Tengchong volcano-geothermal area, a two-dimensional crustal P velocity structure is obtained by use of the finite-difference inversion and the forward travel-time fitting method. The crustal model shows that there is a low velocity abnormal body in upper crust in the Tengchong area, which may be related with volcano-geothermal activities, and two intracrustal faults (the Longling-Ruili fault and Tengchong fault) exist on the profile, where the Tengchong fault may cut through the Moho discontinuity. Meanwhile, in view of teleseismic data recorded by the mobile network, S-wave velocity structures beneath the Rehai-Retian region of the Tengchong area show the low S-wave velocity anomaly in upper crust. The authors discuss the genesis of Tengchong volcano based on the deep crustal structure. The crust of Tengchong volcano-geothermal area is characterized by low P-wave and S-wave velocity, low resistivity, high heat-flow value and low Q value. There is also a feature of low P-wave velocity in the upper mantle. For this information, it can be induced that the magma in the crust is derived from the upper mantle, and the low velocity abnormal in upper crust in the Tengchong area may be related to the differentiation of magma. Like many other active volcanoes on the earth, the Tengchong volcano is close to an active plate boundary and belongs to ″plate boundary″ volcano.
引文
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王椿镛,张先康,宋建立,等.1997.大别造山带地壳上部速度结构的有限差分成像[J].地球物理学报,40(4):495～502
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王绍晋,龙晓帆.1998.腾冲火山区及周围地区震源机制与构造应力场分布特征[J].地震研究,21(4):349～357
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吴乾藩,金祖华,谢毅真,等.1988.云南地区地热的基本特征[J].地震地质,10(4):177～183
叶建庆,蔡绍平,陈敏恭,等.2000.腾冲火山区微震观测(2)[J].地震研究,23(2):100～107
云南省地矿局.1990.云南区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,542～603
AmmonC J,VidaleJE.1993.Tomography withoutrays[J].BullSeismSocAmer,83:509～528
AnkenyL A,BraileL W,OlsenK H.1986.Uppercrustalstructure beneath theJemezMountainsvolcanicfield,NewMexi-co,determined by three-dimensionalsimultaneousinversion of seismicrefraction and earthquakedata[J].J GeophysRes,91:6188～6198
LeDainA Y,TapponnierP,MolnarP.1984.Active faulting and tectonicsofBurma and surrounding regions[J].J GeophysRes,89:453～472
BenzH M,SmithR B.1984.Simultaneousinversion forlateral velocity variationsand hypocentersin theYellowstone regionusing earthquake and refraction data[J].J GeophysRes,89:1208～1220
CervenyV,PsencikI.1984.SEIS83-numerical modeling of seismic wavefield in2-D laterally varying layered structures bythe ray method[A].In:EngdahlE R ed.Documentation ofEarthquakeAlgorithm[C].Boulder,Colo:WorldDataCen-ter(A) forSolidEarthGeophysics,Rep.SE-35,36～40
HoleJA.1992.Nonlinear high-resolution three-dimensional seismic travel time tomography[J].J GeophysRes,97:6553～6562
JiangC S.1985.Volcanoes and earthquakes inTengchong area,Yunnan province,China[J].J SeisRes,8(1):107～120
KanR,HuH,ZengR,etal.1986.Crustal structure ofYunnan province,People′sRepublic ofChina,from seismic refrac-tion profiles[J].Science,234:433～437
KennettB L N.1993.SeismicWavePropagation inStratifiedMedia[M].NewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress,342
NercessianA,HirnA,TarantolaA.1984.Three-dimensional seismic transmission prospecting ofMontDoreVolcano,France[J].GeophysJ R astrSoc,76:307～315
OwensT J,ZandtG,TaylorSR.1984.Seismicevidence foran ancientriftbeneath theCumberlandPlateau,Tennessee:Adetailed analysis of broadband teleseismicP waveforms[J].J GeophysRes,89:7783～7795
RandallG E.1989.Efficient calculation of differential seismograms for lithospheric receiver functions[J].GeophysJ Int,99(3):469～481
VidaleJE.1988.Finite-difference traveltime calculation[J].BullSeismSocAmer,78:2062～2076YanQ Z,ZhangG Q,HuH X,etal.1985.Crustal structure alongSimao-Malong profile inYunnan province[J].J SeismRes,8(2):249～280
韩新民,周瑞琦,周真恒.1996.腾冲火山地区地质研究评述[J].地震地磁观测研究,17(6):20～30
胡鸿翔,陆涵行,王椿镛,等.1986.滇西地区地壳结构的爆破地震研究[J].地球物理学报,29(2):133～144
姜朝松.1998.腾冲新生代火山分布特征[J].地震研究,21(4):309～319
姜朝松,王绍晋,周瑞琦,等.2000.腾冲火山活动构造动力学研究[J].地震研究,23(2):179～187
阚荣举,赵晋明.1994.腾冲火山地区的壳幔构造[A].见:陈运泰,阚荣举,滕吉文,等主编.中国固体地球物理学进展[C].北京:海洋出版社,23～30
李鸿吉,秦建业.1994.缅甸弧及其周围地区的震源机制和现代应力场[J].地震学报,16(4):463～471
林中洋,胡鸿翔,张文彬,等.1993.滇西地区地壳上地幔速度结构特征的研究[J].地震学报,15(4):427～440
穆治国,佟伟,CurtisG H.1987.腾冲火山活动的时代和岩浆来源问题[J].地球物理学报,30(3):261～270
秦嘉政,皇甫岗,张俊伟.1998.腾冲火山及周围地区的地壳Q值特征[J].地震研究,21(4):358～361
孙洁,徐常芳,江钊,等.1989.滇西地区地壳上地幔电性结构与地壳构造运动的关系[J].地震地质,11(1):35～45
佟伟,章铭陶.1989.腾冲地热[M].北京:科学出版社,262
王椿镛,张先康,宋建立,等.1997.大别造山带地壳上部速度结构的有限差分成像[J].地球物理学报,40(4):495～502
王椿镛.1985.二维射线合成地震图的计算及平凉—渭南地震测深剖面的解释.地震研究,8(6):615～626
王椿镛,MooneyW D,王溪莉,等.2002.川滇地区的地壳上地幔三维速度结构研究[J].地震学报,24(1):1～16
王绍晋,龙晓帆.1998.腾冲火山区及周围地区震源机制与构造应力场分布特征[J].地震研究,21(4):349～357
吴建平,明跃红,王椿镛.2001.云南数字地震台站下方的波速度结构研究[J].地球物理学报,44(2):228～237
吴乾藩,金祖华,谢毅真,等.1988.云南地区地热的基本特征[J].地震地质,10(4):177～183
叶建庆,蔡绍平,陈敏恭,等.2000.腾冲火山区微震观测(2)[J].地震研究,23(2):100～107
云南省地矿局.1990.云南区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,542～603
AmmonC J,VidaleJE.1993.Tomography withoutrays[J].BullSeismSocAmer,83:509～528
AnkenyL A,BraileL W,OlsenK H.1986.Uppercrustalstructure beneath theJemezMountainsvolcanicfield,NewMexi-co,determined by three-dimensionalsimultaneousinversion of seismicrefraction and earthquakedata[J].J GeophysRes,91:6188～6198
LeDainA Y,TapponnierP,MolnarP.1984.Active faulting and tectonicsofBurma and surrounding regions[J].J GeophysRes,89:453～472
BenzH M,SmithR B.1984.Simultaneousinversion forlateral velocity variationsand hypocentersin theYellowstone regionusing earthquake and refraction data[J].J GeophysRes,89:1208～1220
CervenyV,PsencikI.1984.SEIS83-numerical modeling of seismic wavefield in2-D laterally varying layered structures bythe ray method[A].In:EngdahlE R ed.Documentation ofEarthquakeAlgorithm[C].Boulder,Colo:WorldDataCen-ter(A) forSolidEarthGeophysics,Rep.SE-35,36～40
HoleJA.1992.Nonlinear high-resolution three-dimensional seismic travel time tomography[J].J GeophysRes,97:6553～6562
JiangC S.1985.Volcanoes and earthquakes inTengchong area,Yunnan province,China[J].J SeisRes,8(1):107～120
KanR,HuH,ZengR,etal.1986.Crustal structure ofYunnan province,People′sRepublic ofChina,from seismic refrac-tion profiles[J].Science,234:433～437
KennettB L N.1993.SeismicWavePropagation inStratifiedMedia[M].NewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress,342
NercessianA,HirnA,TarantolaA.1984.Three-dimensional seismic transmission prospecting ofMontDoreVolcano,France[J].GeophysJ R astrSoc,76:307～315
OwensT J,ZandtG,TaylorSR.1984.Seismicevidence foran ancientriftbeneath theCumberlandPlateau,Tennessee:Adetailed analysis of broadband teleseismicP waveforms[J].J GeophysRes,89:7783～7795
RandallG E.1989.Efficient calculation of differential seismograms for lithospheric receiver functions[J].GeophysJ Int,99(3):469～481
VidaleJE.1988.Finite-difference traveltime calculation[J].BullSeismSocAmer,78:2062～2076YanQ Z,ZhangG Q,HuH X,etal.1985.Crustal structure alongSimao-Malong profile inYunnan province[J].J SeismRes,8(2):249～280
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