汶川地震灾害核心区生态环境影响评估
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摘要
5.12汶川大地震不仅造成了惨重的人员伤亡和巨大的经济损失,而且对当地生态环境产生了严重的影响。以多种卫星遥感数据为信息源,运用地理信息系统、遥感和综合分析技术,从地表植被、农田生态系统、河道水体、自然保护区以及消、杀、灭药剂等几个方面,对受灾的汶川等36个县市的生态环境进行了全面评估。评估结果显示:汶川地震灾害核心区预计发生滑坡、泥石流等次生地质灾害的面积为190.86km2,占灾区总土地面积的0.19%;灾区林、草地预计受损164.96km2,占灾区林、草地总面积的0.22%;灾区农田预计毁坏57.77km2,占灾区农田总面积的0.29%,受损农田主要分布在西部山区;灾区发生河道阻塞34处,主要分布在龙门山北段的平武、北川、江油、青川、茂县等山体大量滑坡的县市;卧龙自然保护区大熊猫的主要生活区域,发生滑坡、泥石流等灾害1.44km2,受损林地面积比例为0.28%,给大熊猫的取食造成了严重威胁。
The Wenchuan Earthquake on May 12th not only caused huge death,toll,injuries,and economic losses,but also affected local environment seriously.In this paper,using RS images and GIS,RS and integrated analysis technology,we analyzed the impacts of the devastating earthquake on vegetation,agricultural ecosystem,river,Wolong Natural Reserve,and the use of disinfector in 36 counties of the earthquake region.The results show that the lost land area from landslide or mudslides was about 190.86 km2,about 0.19% of total land area.The damaged forest and grassland area was about 164.96 km2,about 0.22% of total forest and grassland area.The farmland area destroyed by landslide or mudslides was estimated to be about 57.77 km2,about 0.29% of total farmland area.About 34 rivers were blocked in the earthquake region,which are primarily located in Pingwu,Beichuan,Jiangyou,Qingchuan and Moxian counties.The damaged land area in the Wolong Natural Reserve was about 1.44 km2,about 0.28% of damaged forest area,which poses serious threat to panda's life.
The Wenchuan Earthquake on May 12th not only caused huge death,toll,injuries,and economic losses,but also affected local environment seriously.In this paper,using RS images and GIS,RS and integrated analysis technology,we analyzed the impacts of the devastating earthquake on vegetation,agricultural ecosystem,river,Wolong Natural Reserve,and the use of disinfector in 36 counties of the earthquake region.The results show that the lost land area from landslide or mudslides was about 190.86 km2,about 0.19% of total land area.The damaged forest and grassland area was about 164.96 km2,about 0.22% of total forest and grassland area.The farmland area destroyed by landslide or mudslides was estimated to be about 57.77 km2,about 0.29% of total farmland area.About 34 rivers were blocked in the earthquake region,which are primarily located in Pingwu,Beichuan,Jiangyou,Qingchuan and Moxian counties.The damaged land area in the Wolong Natural Reserve was about 1.44 km2,about 0.28% of damaged forest area,which poses serious threat to panda's life.
引文
[1]Liao X,Gao C B,Zhang S D,Wu F T,Zheng S C.Losses evaluation of Xiuyan-HaiCheng Ms5.6earthquake on Nov.29TH,1999.Seismological Research of NorthEast China,2000,16(2):38-44.
[2]The Group of Disasters Assessment of the Earthquake in Datong-Yanggao.Losses assessment of seismic disa sters of the Ms5.6earthquake in Datong-Yanggao,Shanxi of1999.Earthquake Research in Shanxi,2000,(1):7-15.
[3]Ma Z H,Zhou Z Y,Gao X M,He W G,Liu HC.The earthquake disaster loss assessment for Wenxian Ms5.0Earthquake on Jun.21,2006in Gansu Province.Northwestern Seismological Journal,2007,29(3):256-264.
[4]Sun HB,Yang Q C,Ma Y H,ChenY H,Suo N.Disaster survey and loss evaluation of Xinghai earthquake with Ms6.6.Earthquake Research in Plateau,2001,13(1):60-65.
[5]Wu J H.Preliminary analysis on the relationship between earthquakes and ecologic environment.Earthquake Research in Shanxi,2000,(4):32-34.
[6]Wu J B,Guo A H.Earthquake and environment and ecology.Journal of Cata Trophology,2001,16(3):87-91.
[7]Xu X N,Wang L S.Mountain hazard caused by earthquake in Songping River upper Minjiang and its controlling.The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2002,13(2):31-35.
[8]Han D Y,Wei Y Z.Earthquake disaster of ecosystem and its mechanism.Recent Developments in World Seismology,2007,(1):16-24.
[9]Li H N,Xiao S Y,Huo L S.Damage investigation and analysis of engineering structures in the Wenchuan earthquake.Journal of Building Structures,2008,29(4):10-18.
[10]Chen X L,Xu C,Xia S,Chen Y,Li F H,Zhang H.Some viewpoints for disaster loss assessment of5.12Wenchuan Earthquake.Recent Developments in World Seismology,2008,(7):24-29.
[11]Chen X Q,Cui P,Cheng Z L,You Y,Zhang X G,He S M,Dang C.Emergency risk assessment of dammed lakes caused by the Wenchuan earthquake on May12,20081Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(4):244-249.
[12]Li HN,Zhao Y G.Investigation and analysis of Chuetsu earthquake damages in Niigata prefecture,Japan.Journal of Natural Disasters,2005,14(1):165-174.
[13]Ge X L,Jia Z.Analysis of house earthquake damage in Jiujiang-Ruichang,Jiangxi,M5.7earthquake.Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2006,28(1):1-4.
[14]Lu Y K,Zeng Y Q,Zhou G Q,Fei M L,Chen K H.Summarization of the2007Ning′er,Yunnan,MS6.4Earthquake Disaster.Journal of Seismological Research,2007,30(4):364-372.
[1]廖旭,高常波,张书栋,吴凤泰,郑双成.1999年11月29日辽宁省岫岩-海城5.6级地震震害统计和损失评估.东北地震研究,2000,16(2):38～44.
[2]大同-阳高地震震害评估组.1999年山西大同-阳高516级地震灾害损失评估.山西地震,2000,(1):7～15.
[3]马占虎,周志宇,高晓明,何文贵,刘洪春.2006年甘肃文县5.0级地震灾害损失评估.西北地震学报,2007,29(3):256～264.
[4]孙洪斌,杨青春,马玉虎,陈玉华,索南.兴海6.6级地震灾害调查与损失评估.高原地震,2001,13(1):60～65.
[5]吴建华.地震与生态环境关系初探.山西地震,2000,(4):32～34.
[6]吴瑾冰,郭安红.地震与环境生态.灾害学,2001,16(3):87～91.
[7]许向宁,王兰生.岷江上游松坪沟地震山地灾害与生态环境保护.中国地质灾害与防治学报,2002,13(2):31～35.
[8]韩东银,魏英祖.生态系统地震灾害及其深层机制.国际地震动态,2007,(1):16～24.
[9]李宏男,肖诗云,霍林生.汶川地震震害调查与启示.建筑结构学,2008,29(4):10～18.
[10]陈学良,徐超,夏珊,陈勇,李方杰,张华.5.12汶川地震灾评工作中的几点认识.国际地震动,2008,(7):24～29.
[11]陈晓清,崔鹏,程尊兰,游勇,张小刚,何思明,党超.5.12汶川大地震堰塞湖危险性应急评估.地学前缘,2008,15(4):244～249.
[12]李宏男,赵衍刚.日本新县中越大地震震害调查及分析.自然灾害学报,2005,14(1):165～174.
[13]葛学礼,贾抒.江西九江-瑞昌M5.7地震房屋震害分析.工程抗震与加固改造,2006,28(1):1～4.
[14]卢永坤,曾应青,周光全,非明伦,陈坤华.2007年宁洱6.4级地震震害综述.地震研究,2007,30(4):364～372.
[2]The Group of Disasters Assessment of the Earthquake in Datong-Yanggao.Losses assessment of seismic disa sters of the Ms5.6earthquake in Datong-Yanggao,Shanxi of1999.Earthquake Research in Shanxi,2000,(1):7-15.
[3]Ma Z H,Zhou Z Y,Gao X M,He W G,Liu HC.The earthquake disaster loss assessment for Wenxian Ms5.0Earthquake on Jun.21,2006in Gansu Province.Northwestern Seismological Journal,2007,29(3):256-264.
[4]Sun HB,Yang Q C,Ma Y H,ChenY H,Suo N.Disaster survey and loss evaluation of Xinghai earthquake with Ms6.6.Earthquake Research in Plateau,2001,13(1):60-65.
[5]Wu J H.Preliminary analysis on the relationship between earthquakes and ecologic environment.Earthquake Research in Shanxi,2000,(4):32-34.
[6]Wu J B,Guo A H.Earthquake and environment and ecology.Journal of Cata Trophology,2001,16(3):87-91.
[7]Xu X N,Wang L S.Mountain hazard caused by earthquake in Songping River upper Minjiang and its controlling.The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2002,13(2):31-35.
[8]Han D Y,Wei Y Z.Earthquake disaster of ecosystem and its mechanism.Recent Developments in World Seismology,2007,(1):16-24.
[9]Li H N,Xiao S Y,Huo L S.Damage investigation and analysis of engineering structures in the Wenchuan earthquake.Journal of Building Structures,2008,29(4):10-18.
[10]Chen X L,Xu C,Xia S,Chen Y,Li F H,Zhang H.Some viewpoints for disaster loss assessment of5.12Wenchuan Earthquake.Recent Developments in World Seismology,2008,(7):24-29.
[11]Chen X Q,Cui P,Cheng Z L,You Y,Zhang X G,He S M,Dang C.Emergency risk assessment of dammed lakes caused by the Wenchuan earthquake on May12,20081Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(4):244-249.
[12]Li HN,Zhao Y G.Investigation and analysis of Chuetsu earthquake damages in Niigata prefecture,Japan.Journal of Natural Disasters,2005,14(1):165-174.
[13]Ge X L,Jia Z.Analysis of house earthquake damage in Jiujiang-Ruichang,Jiangxi,M5.7earthquake.Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2006,28(1):1-4.
[14]Lu Y K,Zeng Y Q,Zhou G Q,Fei M L,Chen K H.Summarization of the2007Ning′er,Yunnan,MS6.4Earthquake Disaster.Journal of Seismological Research,2007,30(4):364-372.
[1]廖旭,高常波,张书栋,吴凤泰,郑双成.1999年11月29日辽宁省岫岩-海城5.6级地震震害统计和损失评估.东北地震研究,2000,16(2):38～44.
[2]大同-阳高地震震害评估组.1999年山西大同-阳高516级地震灾害损失评估.山西地震,2000,(1):7～15.
[3]马占虎,周志宇,高晓明,何文贵,刘洪春.2006年甘肃文县5.0级地震灾害损失评估.西北地震学报,2007,29(3):256～264.
[4]孙洪斌,杨青春,马玉虎,陈玉华,索南.兴海6.6级地震灾害调查与损失评估.高原地震,2001,13(1):60～65.
[5]吴建华.地震与生态环境关系初探.山西地震,2000,(4):32～34.
[6]吴瑾冰,郭安红.地震与环境生态.灾害学,2001,16(3):87～91.
[7]许向宁,王兰生.岷江上游松坪沟地震山地灾害与生态环境保护.中国地质灾害与防治学报,2002,13(2):31～35.
[8]韩东银,魏英祖.生态系统地震灾害及其深层机制.国际地震动态,2007,(1):16～24.
[9]李宏男,肖诗云,霍林生.汶川地震震害调查与启示.建筑结构学,2008,29(4):10～18.
[10]陈学良,徐超,夏珊,陈勇,李方杰,张华.5.12汶川地震灾评工作中的几点认识.国际地震动,2008,(7):24～29.
[11]陈晓清,崔鹏,程尊兰,游勇,张小刚,何思明,党超.5.12汶川大地震堰塞湖危险性应急评估.地学前缘,2008,15(4):244～249.
[12]李宏男,赵衍刚.日本新县中越大地震震害调查及分析.自然灾害学报,2005,14(1):165～174.
[13]葛学礼,贾抒.江西九江-瑞昌M5.7地震房屋震害分析.工程抗震与加固改造,2006,28(1):1～4.
[14]卢永坤,曾应青,周光全,非明伦,陈坤华.2007年宁洱6.4级地震震害综述.地震研究,2007,30(4):364～372.
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