南黄海西部浅部地层地震层序及其沉积特征
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摘要
南黄海陆架在第四纪具有海侵—海退交替发生、海陆相地层交互沉积的特点,沉积相及其分布主要受海平面变化与古河流及其三角洲的控制。对南黄海西部地区采集的5600km浅层地震剖面进行了层序划分与解释,得到以下认识:(1)早更新世晚期以来的南黄海地层可分为U1—U14共14个地震地层单元,组成6个地震层序,代表了6次大规模海侵-海退过程,其中氧同位素5期海相地层在该地区最发育;(2)根据全新世地层厚度变化,将该区分为6个沉积区:东部弱沉积区、中北部沉积发育区、海州湾外侵蚀区、废黄河口沉积区、射阳河口岸外侵蚀区和苏北浅滩沉积区;(3)氧同位素6期至2期,南黄海西部陆相层内发育了3期埋藏古河道:上层古河道发育于氧同位素2期,古长江水系、古黄河水系分别自南黄海南部、北部流入古黄海;中层古河道发育于氧同位素4期,仅分布于近岸地区;下层古河道发育于氧同位素6期,分布于123°E以西地区,其南部古河道应为古长江水系,规模较大,其北部古河道规模较小,分布范围有限;(4)古长江第四纪早期在古黄海入海,古黄河在氧同位素5期中后期也开始自古黄海入海,其古河道发育具有一定继承性,后期发育规模逐渐增大;(5)气候温暖的高海面时期发育于构造沉降区的早期古三角洲规模较大,气温降低后河流追随海平面下降而发育的后期三角洲规模较小。氧同位素3期至5期,古长江水系在南黄海西南部发育多期古长江三角洲,古黄河水系在南黄海北部则主要发育两期古黄河三角洲;(6)晚更新世晚期、全新世初期的海侵过程中,南黄海地区发育了古河口沙坝、古潮沟相等滨海沉积。
The character of Quaternary continental shelf in the South Yellow Sea is transgressive-regressive cycles and alternating continental-marine strata,the sediment facies and distribution are controlled mainly by sea-level changes,paleo-channel and its delta.Based on the 5 600 km shallow seismic profile acquired in western South Yellow Sea recently,we distinguished and interpreted the stratigraphic sequences,and following conclusions are made:(1)The strata of South Yellow Sea since early Pleistocene are divided into fourteen seismic units,and composed of six seismic sequences,representing six transgressive-regressive cycles,and the strata developed during oxygen-isotope stage 5 widespread mostly.(2)The study area can be divided into six deposit zones by Holocene strata thickness:eastern weak depositional zone,mid-north depositional zone,depositional zone out of Haizhou Bay,abandoned Yellow River mouth depositional zone,erosional zone out of Sheyang River,and Subei shoal depositional zone.(3)During oxygen-isotope stage 6 to 2,three paleo-channel stages are found in the area:the upper layer was developed during oxygen-isotope stage 2,the paleo-Yangtze and paleo-Yellow River systems flowed into southern and northern paleo-Yellow Sea;the middle layer was developed during oxygen-isotope stage 4,and found in the coastal area;the lower layer was developed during oxygen-isotope stage 6,distributed west of 123°E.The southern paleo-channel on broad scale should belong to the paleo-Yangtze River,and the northern paleo-channel is distributed in limited range on small scale.(4)Paleo-Yangtze River flowed into paleo-Yellow Sea in early Quaternary,and paleo-Yellow River flowed into paleo-Yellow Sea in mid-late late Quaternary.To some extent,their paleo-channel distributions were inherited,and the scale of late stage more widespread.(5)The early delta developed during high sea-level warm climate was large,and late delta developed when sea-level lowered was small.During oxygen-isotope stages 3 to 5,several stages of paleo-deltas were developed in southern South Yellow Sea by paleo-Yangtze River,and two stages of paleo-deltas were developed in northern South Yellow Sea by paleo-Yellow River.(6)During transgression between late Pleistocene and early Holocene,paleo river-mouth sandbars and buried tidal creeks were developed.
The character of Quaternary continental shelf in the South Yellow Sea is transgressive-regressive cycles and alternating continental-marine strata,the sediment facies and distribution are controlled mainly by sea-level changes,paleo-channel and its delta.Based on the 5 600 km shallow seismic profile acquired in western South Yellow Sea recently,we distinguished and interpreted the stratigraphic sequences,and following conclusions are made:(1)The strata of South Yellow Sea since early Pleistocene are divided into fourteen seismic units,and composed of six seismic sequences,representing six transgressive-regressive cycles,and the strata developed during oxygen-isotope stage 5 widespread mostly.(2)The study area can be divided into six deposit zones by Holocene strata thickness:eastern weak depositional zone,mid-north depositional zone,depositional zone out of Haizhou Bay,abandoned Yellow River mouth depositional zone,erosional zone out of Sheyang River,and Subei shoal depositional zone.(3)During oxygen-isotope stage 6 to 2,three paleo-channel stages are found in the area:the upper layer was developed during oxygen-isotope stage 2,the paleo-Yangtze and paleo-Yellow River systems flowed into southern and northern paleo-Yellow Sea;the middle layer was developed during oxygen-isotope stage 4,and found in the coastal area;the lower layer was developed during oxygen-isotope stage 6,distributed west of 123°E.The southern paleo-channel on broad scale should belong to the paleo-Yangtze River,and the northern paleo-channel is distributed in limited range on small scale.(4)Paleo-Yangtze River flowed into paleo-Yellow Sea in early Quaternary,and paleo-Yellow River flowed into paleo-Yellow Sea in mid-late late Quaternary.To some extent,their paleo-channel distributions were inherited,and the scale of late stage more widespread.(5)The early delta developed during high sea-level warm climate was large,and late delta developed when sea-level lowered was small.During oxygen-isotope stages 3 to 5,several stages of paleo-deltas were developed in southern South Yellow Sea by paleo-Yangtze River,and two stages of paleo-deltas were developed in northern South Yellow Sea by paleo-Yellow River.(6)During transgression between late Pleistocene and early Holocene,paleo river-mouth sandbars and buried tidal creeks were developed.
引文
[1]杨子赓.南黄海陆架晚更新世以来的沉积及环境[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1985:5(4):2-19[YANG Zigeng.Sedi mentology and environment in south Huanghai Sea shelf since late Pleis-tocene[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,1985,5(4):2-19.]
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[10]李凡,张秀荣,姜秀珩,等.南黄海埋藏古河系研究[J].海洋与湖沼,1991,22(6):501-508.[LI Fan,ZHANG Xiurong,JI ANG Xiuhang,et al.Study on buried paleo-channel system in the south Yellow Sea[J].Oceanologia et Li mnologia Sini-ca,1991,22(6):501-508.]
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[13]李凡,张秀荣,唐宝珏.黄海埋藏古河道及灾害地质图集[M].济南:济南出版社,1998:17.[LI Fan,ZHANG Xiurong,TANG Baojue.Maps of Buried Palaeo Channels and Disaster-ous Geology in the Yellow Sea[M].Jinan:Jinan Press,1998:17.]
[14]杨怀仁,韩同春,杨达源,谢志仁.长江下游晚更新世以来河道变迁的类型与机制[J].南京大学学报,1983,2:341-350.[YANG Huairen,HAN Tongchun,YANG Dayuan,XIE Zhiren.Processes and causal mechanism of migrations of the Changjiang(Yangtze river)since late Pleistocene[J].Journal of Nanjing University,1983,2:341-350.]
[15]杨子赓.中国东部陆架第四纪时期的演变及其环境效应[C]//中国海陆第四纪对比研究.北京:科学出版社,1991:1-22.[YANG Zigeng.Evolution of eastern shelf of China in Quaternary and its environmental consequences[C]//Con-trast of Quaternary Onshore and Offshore in China.Beijing:Science Press,1991:1-22.]
[16]杨子赓.海洋地质学[M].山东教育出版社,济南,2004,299-305.[YANG Zigeng.Marine Geology[M].Jinan:Educational Press of Shandong,2004,299-305.]
[17]邵虚生.潮沟成因类型及其影响因素的探讨[J].地理学报,1988,43(1):35-43.[SHAO Xusheng.Genetic classification of tidal creek and factors affecting its development[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,1988,43(1):35-43.]
[18]李庆忠.近代河流沉积与地震地层学解释[J].石油物探,1994,33(2):26-41.[LI Qingzhong.Recent river sedi ments and seismic stratigraphic interpretation[J].Geophysical Pros-pecting for Petroleum,1994,33(2):26-41.]
[19]Post ma H.Sedi ment Transport and Sedi mentationin the Ma-rine Enviroment.Estuaries[M].Amer.Assoc.Sci.Publ,Washington,1967:157-179.
[20]陶倩倩,刘保华,李西双,等.晚更新世南黄海西部陆架的古长江三角洲[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009,29(2):15-24.[TAO Qianqian,LI U Baohua,LI Xishuang,et al.Late Pleis-tocene evolution of the paleo Yangtze delta in the south Yellow Sea[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,2009,29(2):15-24.]
[2]杨子赓,林和茂.中国第四纪地层与国际对比[M].北京:地质出版社,1996:31-41.[YANG Zigeng,LI N Hemao.Quaternary Stratumof China and International Anolog[M].Beijing:Geo-logic Publishing House,1996:31-41.]
[3]郑光膺.黄海第四纪地质[M].北京:科学出版社,1991:81-120.[ZHENG Guangying.Quaternary Geology of South Yellow Sea[M].Beijing:Science Press,1991:81-120.]
[4]范代读,李从先.长江贯通时限研究进展[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2007,27(2):121-131.[FAN Daidu,LI Congxian.Re-views on researches of ti mi mg of the Yangtze draining the Ti-betan plateau to the East China Sea[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,2007,27(2):121-131.]
[5]杨子赓.晚松山时南黄海的古长江三角洲[J].第四纪研究,1994,1:13-23.[YANG Zigeng.Paleo-Yangtze river delta in the South YellowSea duringlate Matuyama chron[J].Quater-nary Sciences,1994,1:13-23.]
[6]成国栋,薛春汀.黄河三角洲沉积地质学[M].北京:地质出版社,1997:15-19,73-84.[CHENG Guodong,XUE Chunting.Sedi mentology of the Yellow River Delta[M].Beijing:Geolog-ical Publishing House,1997:15-19,73-84.]
[7]曹光杰,王建,屈贵贤.末次盛冰期以来长江河口段河道演变研究综述[J]地球科学进展,2006,21(10):1039-1045.[CAO Guangjie,WANG Jian,QU Guixian.An overview of the re-search on channel evolutionin the Yangtze river mouth region since the last glacial maxi mum[J].Advances in Earth Science,2006,21(10):1039-1045.]
[8]王随继,倪晋仁,王光谦.古河型演化模式及其影响因素的沉积体系分析[J].石油勘探进展,2000,27(5):102-105.[WANGSuiji,NI Jinren,WANG Guangqian.Depositional systemanaly-sis on the evolution model of ancient river type andits control-ling factors[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,27(5):102-105.]
[9]王随继,倪晋仁,王光谦.河流沉积学研究进展及发展趋势[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2000,8(4):362-369.[WANG Sui-ji,NI Jinren,WANG Guangqian.The evolution and direction of researchin fluvial sedi mentology[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2000,8(4):362-369.]
[10]李凡,张秀荣,姜秀珩,等.南黄海埋藏古河系研究[J].海洋与湖沼,1991,22(6):501-508.[LI Fan,ZHANG Xiurong,JI ANG Xiuhang,et al.Study on buried paleo-channel system in the south Yellow Sea[J].Oceanologia et Li mnologia Sini-ca,1991,22(6):501-508.]
[11]秦蕴珊,赵一阳,陈丽蓉,赵松岭.黄海地质[M].北京:海洋出版社,1989:43-57.[QI N Yunshan,ZHAO Yiyang,CHEN Li-rong,ZHAO Songling.Geology of the Yellow Sea[M].Bei-jing:China Ocean Press,1989:43-57.]
[12]李凡,张秀荣,孟广兰,韩桂荣.晚更新世末期南黄海中部埋藏三角洲的研究[J].海洋与湖沼,1998,29(1):67-72.[LI Fan,ZHANG Xiurong,MENG Guanglan,HAN Guirong.Buried paleo-Yellow River delta in the central southern Yellow Sea during thelate Pleistocene[J].Oceanologia et Li mnologia Sin-ica,1998,29(1):67-72.]
[13]李凡,张秀荣,唐宝珏.黄海埋藏古河道及灾害地质图集[M].济南:济南出版社,1998:17.[LI Fan,ZHANG Xiurong,TANG Baojue.Maps of Buried Palaeo Channels and Disaster-ous Geology in the Yellow Sea[M].Jinan:Jinan Press,1998:17.]
[14]杨怀仁,韩同春,杨达源,谢志仁.长江下游晚更新世以来河道变迁的类型与机制[J].南京大学学报,1983,2:341-350.[YANG Huairen,HAN Tongchun,YANG Dayuan,XIE Zhiren.Processes and causal mechanism of migrations of the Changjiang(Yangtze river)since late Pleistocene[J].Journal of Nanjing University,1983,2:341-350.]
[15]杨子赓.中国东部陆架第四纪时期的演变及其环境效应[C]//中国海陆第四纪对比研究.北京:科学出版社,1991:1-22.[YANG Zigeng.Evolution of eastern shelf of China in Quaternary and its environmental consequences[C]//Con-trast of Quaternary Onshore and Offshore in China.Beijing:Science Press,1991:1-22.]
[16]杨子赓.海洋地质学[M].山东教育出版社,济南,2004,299-305.[YANG Zigeng.Marine Geology[M].Jinan:Educational Press of Shandong,2004,299-305.]
[17]邵虚生.潮沟成因类型及其影响因素的探讨[J].地理学报,1988,43(1):35-43.[SHAO Xusheng.Genetic classification of tidal creek and factors affecting its development[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,1988,43(1):35-43.]
[18]李庆忠.近代河流沉积与地震地层学解释[J].石油物探,1994,33(2):26-41.[LI Qingzhong.Recent river sedi ments and seismic stratigraphic interpretation[J].Geophysical Pros-pecting for Petroleum,1994,33(2):26-41.]
[19]Post ma H.Sedi ment Transport and Sedi mentationin the Ma-rine Enviroment.Estuaries[M].Amer.Assoc.Sci.Publ,Washington,1967:157-179.
[20]陶倩倩,刘保华,李西双,等.晚更新世南黄海西部陆架的古长江三角洲[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009,29(2):15-24.[TAO Qianqian,LI U Baohua,LI Xishuang,et al.Late Pleis-tocene evolution of the paleo Yangtze delta in the south Yellow Sea[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,2009,29(2):15-24.]
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