动物行为异常与地震灾害预警
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摘要
地震前地壳中的应力变化会引起在一定区域范围内的地球物理场与地球化学场变化。动物有感受这种变化的能力,在地震发生前数天或数小时,动物可能会不安、抑郁或狂躁、迁徙或逃亡。动物的这种能力是在长期进化过程中形成的,动物在自我保护的同时有可能为人类提供地震预警信号。本文概述了动物感受地震灾害的机制,分析了从基因遗传水平上解释动物地震灾害避险能力的途径,阐述了找出可能作为灾害预警信号的特有动物异常反应的意义,讨论了建立试验性地震灾害动物行为异常预警系统的方法。
The stress variations in the crust prior to earthquake can cause variations of geophysical and geochemical fields in the region near the epicenter. Animals have the ability to sense such variations and often exhibit some abnormal behaviors about several hours to several days before earthquake. This ability of animals have been evolved in a long period to protect themselves from natural disasters. The abnormal behaviors can be regarded as warning signals of an impending earthquake. The mechanism for the abnormal behaviors of animals earthquake is investigated in this paper. The recent research advances in life science make it possible to uncover the secrets behind abnormal animal behaviors on molecule and gene levels. The sensory system in animal may be linked to a seismic escape behavioral system and be used as a practical earthquake warning. The establishment of experimental earthquake warning system is discussed in the end.
The stress variations in the crust prior to earthquake can cause variations of geophysical and geochemical fields in the region near the epicenter. Animals have the ability to sense such variations and often exhibit some abnormal behaviors about several hours to several days before earthquake. This ability of animals have been evolved in a long period to protect themselves from natural disasters. The abnormal behaviors can be regarded as warning signals of an impending earthquake. The mechanism for the abnormal behaviors of animals earthquake is investigated in this paper. The recent research advances in life science make it possible to uncover the secrets behind abnormal animal behaviors on molecule and gene levels. The sensory system in animal may be linked to a seismic escape behavioral system and be used as a practical earthquake warning. The establishment of experimental earthquake warning system is discussed in the end.
引文
[1]蒋锦昌,陈德玉.地震生物学概论[M].北京:地震出版社,1993Jiang J C,Chen D Y.Seismological Biology Conspec-tus[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1993
[2]中国动物学会.第十九届国际动物学大会总结[EB/OL].http://www.meeting.edu.cn/newsjsp/newslist.jsp?mtype=3China Zoological Society.Summery Table of theXIXth International Conggress of Zoology[EB/OL].http://www.meeting.edu.cn/newsjsp/newslist.jsp?mtype=3
[3]中国科学院生物物理—动物研究所地震生物组.渤海强震前动物行为异常反应调查报告[J].地震战线,1977,(3):38-40Seismological Biological Group,Sinica Academy.In-vestigation report of abnormal animal behaviors before bohai bay strong earthquake[J].Seismological battle-front,1977,(3):38-40
[4]国家地震局震害防御司.地震宏观异常预报方法[M].北京:地震出版社,1997Earthquake Disaster Prevention Department,China Earthquake Administration.Prediction Method by Macro Abnormal Animal Behaviors[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1997
[5]Joseph L,Kirschvink.Earthquake prediction by ani-mals:evolution and sensory perception[J].BSSA,2000,90(2):312-323
[6]Wyss,M.Around of evaluations of proposed earth-quake precursors[J].Pure Appl.Geophys,1997,(149):3-16
[7]王国治,柴保平.地震前动物行为异常观测研究综述[J].中国地震,1987,3(4):35-37Wang G Z,Cai B P.Summarize of abnormal animal behaviors before earthquake[J].Earthquake Research in China,1987,3(4):35-37
[8]Wyss,M,Booth,D C.The IASPEI procedure for the evaluation of earthquake precursors[J].Geophys,1997,(131):423-424
[2]中国动物学会.第十九届国际动物学大会总结[EB/OL].http://www.meeting.edu.cn/newsjsp/newslist.jsp?mtype=3China Zoological Society.Summery Table of theXIXth International Conggress of Zoology[EB/OL].http://www.meeting.edu.cn/newsjsp/newslist.jsp?mtype=3
[3]中国科学院生物物理—动物研究所地震生物组.渤海强震前动物行为异常反应调查报告[J].地震战线,1977,(3):38-40Seismological Biological Group,Sinica Academy.In-vestigation report of abnormal animal behaviors before bohai bay strong earthquake[J].Seismological battle-front,1977,(3):38-40
[4]国家地震局震害防御司.地震宏观异常预报方法[M].北京:地震出版社,1997Earthquake Disaster Prevention Department,China Earthquake Administration.Prediction Method by Macro Abnormal Animal Behaviors[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1997
[5]Joseph L,Kirschvink.Earthquake prediction by ani-mals:evolution and sensory perception[J].BSSA,2000,90(2):312-323
[6]Wyss,M.Around of evaluations of proposed earth-quake precursors[J].Pure Appl.Geophys,1997,(149):3-16
[7]王国治,柴保平.地震前动物行为异常观测研究综述[J].中国地震,1987,3(4):35-37Wang G Z,Cai B P.Summarize of abnormal animal behaviors before earthquake[J].Earthquake Research in China,1987,3(4):35-37
[8]Wyss,M,Booth,D C.The IASPEI procedure for the evaluation of earthquake precursors[J].Geophys,1997,(131):423-424
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