遥感技术在地震研究中的应用进展
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摘要
本文介绍了遥感技术在地震监测和研究中的应用和进展,分析了卫星热红外遥感、InSAR技术和气体遥感方法在地震前后地表热红外增温、形变和气体含量改变的研究现状,初步探讨了该方法的成因机制.本文同时分析了该技术在地震预报中存在的问题,提出了未来的研究重点.
This article introduces the application and progress of remote sensing technology in earthquake monitoring and research.We analyze the general situation of using satellite infrared remote sensing,InSAR technology and gas RS method to detect surface IR temperature increasing,deformation and gas concentration change.We preliminarily discuss the mechanism of these methods.This article also analyzes the problem of RS technology existing in earthquake prediction,and suggest the research focus in the future.
This article introduces the application and progress of remote sensing technology in earthquake monitoring and research.We analyze the general situation of using satellite infrared remote sensing,InSAR technology and gas RS method to detect surface IR temperature increasing,deformation and gas concentration change.We preliminarily discuss the mechanism of these methods.This article also analyzes the problem of RS technology existing in earthquake prediction,and suggest the research focus in the future.
引文
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[36]谌华,单新建,等.利用NOAA-16/FY-1C和ASAR数据纠正大气水汽对重轨星载D-INSAR的影响[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(3):707~713.Chen H,Shan X J,et al.Correction of atmospheric watervapour effects on the repeat-pass spaceborne D_INSAR by u-sing NOAA_16/FY_1 C and ASAR data.Chinese J.Geo-phys.(in Chinese),2007,50(3):707~713.
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[2]Tronin A,Hayakawa M,Molchanov O.Thermal IR satellitedata application for earthquake research in Japan and China[J].Journal of Geodynamics,2002,33(4-5):519~534.
[3]Tronin A,Biagi P,et al.Temperate variations related toearthquakes from simultaneous observation at the ground sta-tions and by satellites in Kamchatka area[J].Physics andChemistry of the Earth.2004,29(4-9):501~506.
[4]Ouzounov D,Bryant N,at al.Satellite thermal IR phinomenaassociated with some of the major earthquakes in 1999~2003[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,2006,31(4-9):154~163.
[5]Ouzounov D,Liu D,et al.Outgoing long wave radiation vari-ability from IR satellite data prior to major earthquakes[J].Tectonophysics,2007,431(1-4):211~220.
[6]Qiang Z J,Xu X D,Dian C G.Thermal infrared anomaly pre-cursors of impending earthquakes[J].Pure and Applied Geo-physics,1997,149:159~171.
[7]马瑾,陈顺云,等.用卫星热红外信息研究关联断层活动的时空变化—以南北地震构造带为例[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3):816~823.Ma J,Chen S Y,et al.Temporal-spatial variations of associ-ated faulting inferred from satellite infrared information:Acase study of the N-S seismo-tectonic zone in China[J].Chi-nese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(3):816~823.
[8]Kong L C,Qiang Z J,Li L Z.The laborational mechanism a-nalysis and earthquake temperature increase precursor in loweratmosphere[C].In:Electromagnetic Phenomena Related toEarthquake Prediction.Tokyo:Terra Scientific PublishingCompany,1997.
[9]卢振权,强祖基,等.南海临震前卫星热红外增温异常原因初探[J].地球学报,2002,23(1):42~46.Lu Z Q,Qiang Z J,et al.A tentative interpretation of the for-mation of high temperature anomaly in Satellite-based ThermalInfrared Scanning Images(STISI)of the South China Sea be-fore Earthquake[J].Acta Geosicientia Sinica,2002,23(1):42~46.
[10]崔承禹,肖青,等.岩石的热模型分析[J].遥感学报,1998.2(1):32~36.Cui C Y,Xiao Q,et al.Analysis of rock thermal model[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,1998,2(1):32~36.
[11]耿乃光,于萍,等.热红外震兆成因的模拟实验研究[J].地震,1998,18(1):83~88.Geng N G,Yu P,et al.The simulated experimental studieson cause of thermal infrared precursor of earthquakes[J].Earthquake.1998.18(1):83~88
[12]邓明德,崔承禹,等.岩石的红外波段辐射特性研究[J].红外与毫米波学报,1994,13(6):425~430.Deng M D,Cui C Y,et al.Study on the Infrared WavebandRadiation Characteristics of Rocks.J.Infrared Millim.Waves[J].1994,13(6):425~430.
[13]Wu L,Liu S,et al.Precursors for rock fracturing and fail-ure-Part I:IRR image abnormalities[J].International Jour-nal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences.2006,43(3):473~482.
[14]张渊,张贤,赵阳升.砂岩的热破裂过程[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(3):656~659.Zhang Y,Zhang X,Zhao Y S.Process of sandstone thermalcracking[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(3):656~659
[15]Scholz C.Faults without friction?[J].Nature,1996,381:556~557.
[16]Chia Y,Chiu J,Chiang Y,et al.Implications of coseismicgroundwater level changes observed at multiple-well monito-ring stations[J].Geophysical Journal International,2008,172(1):293~301.
[17]Chen H,Parnell J,et al.Large-scale seismic thermal anoma-ly linked to hot fluid expulsion from a deep aquifer[J].Jour-nal of Geochemical Exploration.2006,89(1-3):53~56.
[18]屈春燕,马瑾,等.一次卫星热红外地震前兆现象的证伪[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):490~495.Qu C Y,Ma J,Shan X J,et al.Counterevidence for anearthquake precursor of satellite thermal infrared anomalies[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(2):490~495
[19]屈春燕,单新建,马瑾.地震活动热红外异常的影响因素分析[J].地震研究,2007,30(2):113~119.Qu C Y,Shan X J,Ma J.Influence Factors to Seismic Ther-mal Infrared Anomaly[J].Journal of Seismological Research(In Chinese),2007,30(2):113~119.
[20]黄耘,李清河,张元生,等.江苏及邻区地震重新定位和构造特征分析[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(1):175~185.Huang Y,Li Q H,Zhang Y S,et al.Relocation of earth-quakes in Jiangsu and neighboring areas,China and analysisof structural features[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,50(1):175~185.
[21]吕坚,郑勇,倪四道,等.2005年11月26日九江—瑞昌Ms5.7、Ms4.8地震的震源机制解与发震构造研究[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(1):158~164.Lu J,Zheng Y,Ni S D,Gao J H.Focal mechanisms and seis-mogenic structures of theMs5.7 andMs4.8 Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquakes of Nov.26,2005[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,50(1):158~164.
[22]韦生吉,郑勇,倪四道,等.2003/08/16赤峰地震研究[C].地球物理年会报告,2007.Wei S Ji,Zheng Y,Ni S D,et al.Study on Chifeng Earth-quake in 2003/08/16[C].Annual Conference of Geophys-ices,2007.
[23]Gabriel A,Goldstein R,et al.Mapping small elevationchange sover large areas:Differential radar interferometry[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1989,94(B7):9183~9191.
[24]Massonnet D,Rossi M,et al.The displacement field of theLanders earthquake mapped by radar interfereometry[J].Nature,1993,364:138~142.
[25]张红,王超,刘智.获取张北地震同震形变场的差分干涉测量技术[J].中国图象图形学报,2000,5A(6):497~500.Zhang H,Wang C,Liu Z.The differential radar interferom-etry technique to achieve coseismic displacement field of theZhangbei earthquake[J].Journal of Image and Graphics,2000,5A(6):497~500.
[26]单新建,马瑾,等.利用星载D-INSAR技术获取的地表形变场研究张北—尚义地震震源破裂特征.中国地震,2002,18(2):119~126Shan X J,Ma J,et al.Using deformation field obtained byspaceborne D-InSAR technique to research characteristics ofsource rupture of Zhangbei-Shangyi earthquake[J].Earth-quake Research in China,2002,18(2):119~126
[27]Pathier E,Fruneau B,et al.Coseismic displacements of thefootwall of the Chelungpu fault caused by the 1999,Taiwan,Chi-Chi earthquake from InSAR and GPS data[J].Earth andPlanetary Science Letters,2003,212:73~88.
[28]Jonsson S,Zebker H,et al.Fault slip distribution of the1999Mw7.1 hector mine,california earthquake,estimatedfrom satellite radar and GPS measurements[J].Bulletin ofSeismological Society of America.2002,92(4):1377~1389.
[29]Stramondo S,Moro M,et al.InSAR surface displacementfield and fault modelling for the 2003 Bam earthquake(south-eastern Iran)[J].Journal of Geodynamics,2005,40(2-3):347~353.
[30]Funning G,Parsons B,et al.Surface displacements andsource parameters of the 2003 Bam(Iran)earthquake fromEnvisat advanced synthetic aperture radar imagery[J].Jour-nal of Geophysical Research,2005.110,B09406:doi:10.1029/2004JB003338.
[31]Fialko Y,Sandwell D,et al.Three-dimensional deformationcaused by the Bam,Iran,earthquake and the origin of shal-low slip deficit[J].Nature,2005,435(19):295~299.
[32]Akoglu A,Cakir Z,et al.The 1994~2004 Al Hoceima(Morocco)earthquake sequence:Conjugate fault rupturesdeduced from InSAR[J].Earth and Planetary Science Let-ters,2006,252(3-4):467~480.
[33]查显杰,傅容珊,戴志阳.用D-InSAR技术测量地面形变位移三分量[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):997~1002.Zha X J,Fu R S,Dai Z Y.Measuring three components ofsurface deformation displacement using D-InSAR technique[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(4):997~1002.
[34]查显杰,傅容珊,等.利用SAR数据获取Bam断层地表走向与格局[C].2007环境遥感学术年会—自然灾害专题研讨会,2007:125~130.Zha X J,Fu R S,et al.Acquiring ground surface trend andpattern by SAR data[C].2007 Environmental Remote Sens-ing Academic Conference,2007:125~130.
[35]Nakamura T,Suzuki S,et al.Source fault structure of the2003 Bam earthquake,southeastern Iran,inferred from theaftershock distribution and its relation to the heavily damagedarea:Existence of the Arg-e-Bam fault proposed[J].Geo-physical Research Letters,2005,32(L09308):10.1029/2005GL022631.
[36]谌华,单新建,等.利用NOAA-16/FY-1C和ASAR数据纠正大气水汽对重轨星载D-INSAR的影响[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(3):707~713.Chen H,Shan X J,et al.Correction of atmospheric watervapour effects on the repeat-pass spaceborne D_INSAR by u-sing NOAA_16/FY_1 C and ASAR data.Chinese J.Geo-phys.(in Chinese),2007,50(3):707~713.
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