地震震中实时动态定位的方法研究
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摘要
在地震早期预警系统中具破坏性地震震中的确定速度十分重要。本文提出了地震发生后根据1个、2个、3个台站P波到时记录进行动态、近实时确定地震发生区域、线区间和震中位置的方法。方法充分考虑了地震触发台站和非触发台站分布与地震波传播规律的一致性和差异性特征,提高了震中定位结果的精度。对由79个台站组成的山东虚拟测震台网2009-2010年期间记录的425次网内地震进行了快速定位,结果表明对发生在网内的地震可在要求时间内给出比较准确的震中位置,可满足预警地震速报时效性和精度的双重要求。
In a earthquake early warning system,the ability to quickly locate devastating earthquake is very important.In this paper a new method to estimate earthquake epicentral region,hyperbolic curve range and epicenter point from only the three earliest P-wave arrival times in a seismic network is developed.In the method the constraint conditions that some stations record P arrivals the others do not record P arrivals,and seismic wave travelling characteristics are considered fully to improve earthquake epicentral location accuracy.The method is applied to P-wave seismic data from the Virtual Seismic Network of Shandong province with 79 stations for 425 earthquakes in 2009-2010,the results show agreement with actual earthquake epicentral locations.The method can satisfy the real-time and accurate need in the earthquake early warning system.
In a earthquake early warning system,the ability to quickly locate devastating earthquake is very important.In this paper a new method to estimate earthquake epicentral region,hyperbolic curve range and epicenter point from only the three earliest P-wave arrival times in a seismic network is developed.In the method the constraint conditions that some stations record P arrivals the others do not record P arrivals,and seismic wave travelling characteristics are considered fully to improve earthquake epicentral location accuracy.The method is applied to P-wave seismic data from the Virtual Seismic Network of Shandong province with 79 stations for 425 earthquakes in 2009-2010,the results show agreement with actual earthquake epicentral locations.The method can satisfy the real-time and accurate need in the earthquake early warning system.
引文
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[30]范会川,周慧娟,贾利民.Voronoi图和Delaunay三角网在铁路应急管理中的运用[J].中国科技信息,2010,(8):245-247.
[31]姬安召,兰燕.三角形增长算法构建Delaunay三角网DEM的原理与实现[J].测绘,2009,32(2):65-69.
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[34]Aurenhammer F.Voronoi diagrams-a survey of a funda-mental geometric data structure[J].ACM Computing Sur-veys,1991,3(3):345-405.
[35]Okabe A,Boots B,Sugihara K.Nearest neighborhood opera-tions with generalized Voronoi diagrams:A review[J].Inter-national Journal of Geographical Information Systems,1994,8(1):43-71.
[36]周培德.计算几何算法分析与设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000:1-100.
[37]刘金义,刘爽.Voronoi图应用综述[J].工程图学学报,2004,25(2):125-132.
[2]Espinosa-Aranda J M,Jimenez A,Ibarrola G,et al.Mexico City Seismic Alert System[J].Seismological Research Letters,1995,66:42-52.
[3]Espinosa-Aranda J M,Cuellar A,Garcia A,et al.Evolution of the Mexican Seismic Alert System(SASMEX)[J].Seismo-logical Research Letters,2009,80(5):694-706.
[4]Odaka T,Ashiya K,Tsukada S,et al.A new method of quickly estimating epicentral distance and magnitude from a single seismic record[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of A-merica,2003,93(1):526-532.
[5]Kamigaichi O.JMA earthquake early warning[J].Journal of the Japan Association for Earthquake Engineering,2004,4:134-137.
[6]Hoshiba M,Kamigaichi O,Saito M,et al.Earthquake early warning starts nationwide in Japan[J].Eos.Transactions of American Geophysical Union,2008,89:73-80.
[7]Bock Y,Nikolaidis R,De Jonge P J,et al.Instantaneous geo-detic positioning at medium distances with the Global Positio-ning System[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2000,105:28233-28253.
[8]Bose M,Wenzel F,Erdik M.PreSEIS:A neural networkbased approach to earthquake early warning for finite faults[J].Bul-letin of the Seismological Society of America,2008,98:366-382.
[9]Crowell B W,Bock Y,Squibb M B.Demonstration of earth-quake early warning using total displacement waveforms from real-time GPS networks[J].Seismological Research Letters,2009,80(5):772-782.
[10]Cua G,Fischer M,Heaton T,et al.Real-time performance of the Virtual Seismologist earthquake early warning algorithm in southern California[J].Seismological Research Letters,2009,80(5):740-747.
[11]Kohler N,Cua G,Wenzel F,et al.Rapid source parameter es-timations of southern California earthquakes using PreSEIS[J].Seismological Research Letters,2009,80(5):748-754.
[12]Satriano C,Lomax A,Zollo A.Real-time evolutionary earth-quake location for seismic early warning[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2008,98:1482-1494.
[13]Zollo A,Aldo Amoroso O,Lancieri M,et al.A threshold-based earthquake early warning using dense accelerometer networks[J].Geophysical Journal International,2010,183:963-974.
[14]Fleming K,Picozzi M,Milkereit C,et al.The Self-organizingSeismic Early Warning Information Network(SOSEWIN)[J].Seismological Research Letters,2009,80(5):755-771.
[15]Wu Y M,Teng T L.A virtual subnetwork approach to earthquake early warning[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2002,92:2008-2018.
[16]Wu Y M,Lin T L,Chao W A,et al.Faster Short-Distance Earthquake Early Warning Using Continued Monitoring of Filtered Vertical Displacement:A Case Study for the2010 Jiasian,Taiwan,Earthquake[J].Bulletin of the Seismologi-cal Society of America,2011,101(2):701-709.
[17]刘林,阎贵平,辛学忠.京沪高速铁路地震预警系统的方案及关键参数研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2002,12(4):75-79.
[18]廖旭,黄河.企业地震预警系统应用研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(6):142-149.
[19]袁志祥,单修政,徐世芳,等.地震预警技术综述[J].自然灾害学报,2007,16(6):216-224.
[20]周彦文,刘希强,胡旭辉,等.早期地震预警方法研究现状及展望[J].国际地震动态,2008,(4):28-34.
[21]卢瑞珊,宋麒林,王富章,等.铁路地震灾害预警与应急系统现状及展望[J].铁路计算机应用,2010,19(7):17-20.
[22]刘希强,周彦文,曲均浩,等.应用单台垂向记录进行区域地震事件实时检测和直达P波初动自动识别[J].地震学报,2009,31(3):260-271.
[23]周彦文,刘希强,李铂,等.基于单台P波记录的快速自动地震定位方法研究[J].地震研究,2010,33(2):183-188.
[24]曲均浩,刘希强,石玉燕,等.地震事件自动判断方法研究[J].西北地震学报,2010,32(4):325-329.
[25]李山有,金星,马强,等.地震预警系统与智能应急控制系统研究[J].世界地震工程,2004,20(4):21-26.
[26]赵冰,刘希强.全球地震早期预警研究综述[J].西北地震学报,2011,33(4):392-402.
[27]Rydelek P,d Pujol J.Real-Time Seismic Warning with a Two-Station Subarray[J].Bulletin of the Seismological So-ciety of America,2004,94(4):1546-1550.
[28]Horiuchi S,Negishi H,Abe K,et al.An Automat-ic8Processing System for Broadcasting Earthquake Alarms[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2005,95(2):708-718.
[29]王庆民,刘希强,沈得秀.Voronoi图和双曲线联合方法在地震快速定位中的应用[J].西北地震学报,2012,34(3):234-238.
[30]范会川,周慧娟,贾利民.Voronoi图和Delaunay三角网在铁路应急管理中的运用[J].中国科技信息,2010,(8):245-247.
[31]姬安召,兰燕.三角形增长算法构建Delaunay三角网DEM的原理与实现[J].测绘,2009,32(2):65-69.
[32]孙继忠,胡艳,马永强.基于Delaunay三角剖分生成Voronoi图算法[J].计算机应用,2010,30(1):75-77.
[33]Sambridge M.Geophysical inversion with a Neighbourhood Algorithm-I.searching aparameter space[J].Geophys.J.Int.,1999,138:479-494.
[34]Aurenhammer F.Voronoi diagrams-a survey of a funda-mental geometric data structure[J].ACM Computing Sur-veys,1991,3(3):345-405.
[35]Okabe A,Boots B,Sugihara K.Nearest neighborhood opera-tions with generalized Voronoi diagrams:A review[J].Inter-national Journal of Geographical Information Systems,1994,8(1):43-71.
[36]周培德.计算几何算法分析与设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000:1-100.
[37]刘金义,刘爽.Voronoi图应用综述[J].工程图学学报,2004,25(2):125-132.
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